雅思基础阅读1-5讲
基础阅读第一讲
1.雅思基本介绍
雅思考试又称IELTS,代表INTERNATIONALENGLISHLANGUAGETESTINGSYSTEM,是一项国际性英语能力测试,其中涵盖对听,说,读,写四项语言能力的考查。
雅思考试针对移民和留学对语言的不同要求而分为ACADEMIC(A)与GENERAL(G)两个类别,区别主要体现在读写两个项目上
2.雅思考试结构:
考试分为四个部分:听力(40分钟)、阅读(60分钟)、写作(60分钟)、口语(11-15分钟),每部分都有各自的独特特点。
3.阅读部分介绍
阅读考试是雅思考试的第二项,时长60分钟,考查40个题目。
A类阅读设置3篇阅读材料,每篇800-1200字,7-9段,取自杂志,学术期刊,报纸,或书籍.题材广泛,涵盖人文、社科、技术等领域,但并不要求考生对文章内容有专业性的了解.学术类考试的三篇文章中,至少有一篇包含有详细的逻辑论证,可能有一篇文章附带有图解、统计表、曲线图等各式图表。考试内容和测试角度对中国考生的单词量和阅读能力提出较高要求,一般要求考生至少掌握6000以上词汇。
G阅读考试时间为60分钟,共40道题,分为三部分,难度递增。第一部分考日常事务(socialsurvival),主要包含与生活密切相关的实用文本,要求考生能够定位和辨别一般事实性信息。一般为两篇文章,每篇文章各有一种题型。第二部分考培训内容(trainingsurvival),一般与某种语言类或实用类短期或长期培训有关,与第一部分相比,语言稍复杂一些,表达法更多样。一般考两篇文章,各一种题型。第三部分为一般的说明文(generalreading),题材广泛,篇幅较长,议论文一般不在考试之列。考一篇文章,题型在三四种左右。
评分标准
题数 1 2-3 4-9 10-15 16-22 23-28 29-35 36-39 40 分数 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
4.雅思阅读常见题型
第一梯队:
True/False/NotGiven
Matching
Summary
Listofheadings
Multiplechoicequestions
第二梯队:
Short-answerquestion
Sentencecompletion
Tablecompletion
Flowchart
Labelingadiagram
5.雅思阅读考察重点
Recognizethetopicandthemainideaofthetext(thetitles,headings,thecaptiondiagram,thetables)
P9P12P1516
Recognizethekeywords
P6~P9
Trytoexplainthewordbyitssynonyms
Principle/principal,simulate/stimulatestationary/stationery,attitude/aptitude/altitude
Summarizetheparagraphsideaandunderstandtherelationbetweentheparagraphtopicandsupportingarguments
P15
Byusingthelinkwordsandgrammarknowledgetoidentifythestructureofsentences
整个过程其实就是区分主题和剥离修饰成分的过程。
1.Additionin
addition,and,similarly,likewise,aswellas,besides,furthermore,also,moreover,andthen,too,notonly...but,even,besidesthis/that
2.Sequence
first(ly),initially,second(ly)etc.,tobeginwith,then,next,earlier/later,afterthis/that,followingthis/that,afterwards
3.Consequence
asaresult,thus,so,therefore,constantly,itfollowsthat,thereby,eventually,then,inthatcase,admittedly
4.Contrast
however,ontheotherhand,despite,inspiteof,though,although,but,onthecontrary,otherwise,yet,insteadof,rather,whereas,nonetheless,eventhough,comparedwith,incontrast,alternatively
5.Condition
if,unless,whether,given/providedthat,for,sothat,whether,dependingon
6.Definition
is,refersto,means,thatis,consistsof
7.Summary
inconclusion,insummary,lastly,finally,tosumup,toconclude,torecapitulate,inshort
8.Example
forinstance,oneexample,forexample,justas,inparticular,suchas,toillustrate
9.Reason
since,as,so,because(of),dueto,owingto,thereasonwhy,inotherwords,leadto,
10.Time
before,since,as,until,meanwhile,atthemoment,when,whenever,assoonas,justas
Skimmingandscanningforspecificinformationanddetails
P15P16
Whatadversities?
Whichcountrieswereinvolvedintherestorationwork?
Identifyingopinions/attitudesandmakinginferences
6.
语言技能掌握主旨明确观点
查找细节从句分析
阅读速度
语言知识单词、语法
速度
战术取
做题速度
战略舍
7.备考建议
快速阅读、难句突破、词汇强记、模拟练习、总结技巧
8.实用导航
www.discovery.com
www.newscientists.com
www.nationalgeographics.com
www.rd.com比较适合G类考生
《雅思阅读真经》
剑桥真题系列23456
《雅思阅读真题题源》
Contactmethrough:leoshirly.blog.sohu.com
yh912leo@sina.com
Vocabulary:
ObstructionObstacleTerrain
OrganProclaimAcousticAdversity
DisharmonyAbsenteeismOutcome
CompelQuotaRecruitLinger
EpochLoquaciousDetrimentalAutocratic
P25
CommitmentBarrierElementary/secondary/tertiarySocialization
P96
ExtinctionHabitatDegradeFragmentMinusculeViablebeSusceptibletoWitherStaple
BepronetoParticipationDisconnectReserve
P58
SustainableFiberPulpContaminantDiscard
P104
EmissionExhaustDieselUrbanCommuteCarpoolFrequency
P129
MalnutritionPrevalentIngestionImpairWeanFermentDiarrheaGerm
SproutIntakeAcidity/acidDoughAnti-Microbial
阅读题型之SUMMARY摘要填空
题型分析
解题方法类似Cloze
分为全文摘要和部分摘要
Completethefollowingsummaryofthepassage/thefirst3paragraphs
提供wordbank或者从原文选取答案:原文原词、词库选词、自己写词
解题思路:
语法词法+结构提示+语义+过
PRACTICE:P25,P97,P58
ASSIGNMENT:P104,P129
基础阅读第二讲
Vocabulary:
P29
Abate/abatement:Lessen,decrease,curtail
Treatment:handling,management,nursing
Preventive:precautionary
Approach:method,technique,attitude
Minimize:reduce,decrease
P33
Spectator:audience,viewer,watcher
Participant:thepeoplegetinvolved
Amateur:non-professional,layman
Nordic:Northman,Scandinavian
Neutral/neutrality:fair,impartial,non-aligned,
Specialty:specializein,strongsuit
P35
MorsecodeDecodeEncodeDecipherTelegraph
PortraitFileapatentFeasible/Practical
P39
Bully/VictimCommitcrimePhysical
Implement:carryoutGesture/postureVerbalabuse
PhenomenonSurveyUnderestimateAssumption
Stereotype:conventional,standardized,old-fashioned
Manifest:indicate,show,suggest
Uphold:supportPrincipal
Counterproductive:negative,worsethanuseless
Vulnerable:unprotected,weak
CriteriaEvaluation:assessment
Comprehensiveschool
P42
Labor-intensiveTextileSector:industry
Gain:rewards,benefits,achievement
TabooContextCompel:force
DomesticLivelihoodEntrepreneur
PatriarchalReplicateInvariable
P47
ExceptionProportionBreadwinnerUnder-utilize
ParceloutCompetencyConfineWeaveinto
FabricUnderrepresentedSuccumbto
IntegrateSlackenPerceptionShortage
T/F/NGORY/N/NG
对于T/F/NG的定义
TRUE:题干表述与原文相符或同向
FALSE:题干表述与原文相驳斥
NOTGIVEN:题干表述在原文找不到充足论据支持
明确题干题眼,抓住定位单词
切忌主观臆断,也勿过度推断
注意现象积累,融会贯通
EXERCISES:P30Q1-5P35Q1-6P89Q8-14P39Q1-10P32Q5-11
ASSIGNMENTS:P42Q1-10P47Q1-11P77Q7-13P81Q19-24
基础阅读第三讲
Vocabulary:
P89
CyclistAstonishRouteDonation
P70
Dopeconsumecellularlungtarfilterinfectionsilverlining
Sluggishimmunespeculate
P84
MineOreSedimentMarineAccessroadFumesilt
P105
OverMetroCommuteEmissionOutperformExhaust
P93
NotifyImmigrationauthoritiesAttendanceOrientationRefundableTuitionfeesBankdraftWithdrawCommence
阅读题型之简答short-answerquestion
题型介绍:
每题以特殊疑问句的形式出现,注意特殊疑问词所连接的关键词=一分二/二合一
分析问题题干,定位词的划取以主谓或谓宾为主
例如:when?/where?/who?
Whatis/are…?Whatdo/does…?Whatwillhappen?(答案为短句)
Whatistheproportion?
How?答案基本都是介词短语
Why打头基本没有
题目会有字数要求,无要求的字数也不会超过4~5字
答案绝大部分是单词或短语,为细节题,极个别需要自己归纳答案
题目与原文顺序基本一致
解题技巧:
找到题目路标词,注意题目中的年代、数字、人地名
回原文定位,与小标题和段首句对照,定位段落,注意同义近义词
快速阅读段落,确定答案
答案要与特殊疑问词连接部分相吻合
注意事项:
大小写、连续原词、数字计算、单位符号、字数要求(去冠、副、形、分词,或者前后变形)
EXERCISES:P89Q3-7/P70Q1-5/P84Q26-31/P105Q21-25
ASSIGNMENT:P93Q21-27/P116Q24-27/P10935-39
基础阅读第四讲
ListofHeadings
题型介绍:
小标题为段落主题的中心思想,也是段落主题的改写
多数位于文章之前,标题彻底乱序
干扰选项众多,youmayuseanyheadingmorethanonce纯属误导
耗费时间、开头易错
PRINCIPLES:
Choicesshouldbeusedonlyonce.
Theheadingchoiceshouldbethesummaryofthewholeparagraph.
Payparticularattentiontothe1st,2ndandlastsentencesofaparagraph.
Donotignorethestructurewords(indicate/however/suggest/research)
EXERCISES:P28,P98,P112,P124
ASSIGNMENT:P61,P64,P67
基础阅读第四讲
Vocabulary:
P119Q36-38
Extinct:dieoutHerbivoreherbivorous
CarnivorecarnivorousGeneticLogMarsupial
P101Q12-15
Trade-offReconcileCompromiseNegotiationMeditation
StraightforwardReciprocityPrecedentSeniority
ArbitrateAdjudicatePresent
P71Q19-25
OrientationOverleafCommunalUtensilBoarding/dayschool
LinenTenancyLodge:depositNoticeReceiptInvoiceResidential
Sentencecompletion
题型介绍:
题目为陈述句,一般保留一个空格,大多出现在句尾
字数限制
解题技巧基本等同summary和shortanswerquestion
题目顺序基本等同文章顺序
归纳题,难度较大
题干并非原文原句,而是原文部分句群的含义总结,需要考生仔细分析相关句群,而非某句表达。
练习:P119Q36-38P101Q12-15P71Q19-25
Vocabulary:
P86
FosterRefugeeOrphanOutsetAppallingSpokesperson
MissionaryOrphanageRelieforganizationPoolresources
P113
RibbonMoltenBelt/Sagthrough/MouldBulb
P58
SortoutPulpDe-inkCausticChlorideAgentBleachRefine
Table/chartcompletion
PRINCIPLES:
Followtheinstructions.
Predicttheanswerbyusingthewordsbeforeandafterthegap.
Locatethekeywordsinthepassage.
Dothegrammaticalcheckwhennecessary.
Flowchart:
After,then,before,firstly,next,once,and,finally
PRACTICE:P8631-35,P113Q6-8,P58Q37-41.
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