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塑料材料速查手册
2015-11-12 | 阅:  转:  |  分享 
  
?塑料材料速查手册ABS?(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物)PA12?(聚酰胺12或尼龙12)PA6?(聚酰胺6或尼龙6)PA66?(聚酰胺66或尼龙66)PBT?(聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)PC?(聚碳酸酯)PC/ABS?(聚碳酸酯和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物和混合物?)PC/PBT?(聚碳酸酯和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯的混合物)PE-HD?(高密度聚乙烯)PE-LD?(低密度聚乙烯)PEI?(聚乙醚)PET?(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)PETG?(乙二醇改性-聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)PMMA?(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)POM?(聚甲醛)PP?(聚丙烯)PPE?(聚丙乙烯)PS?(聚苯乙烯)PVC?(聚氯乙烯)SAN?(苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物)

ABS?丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物

:汽车(仪表板,工具舱门,车轮盖,反光镜盒等),电冰箱,大强度工具(头发烘干机,搅拌器,食品加工机,割草机等),电话机壳体,打字机键盘,娱乐用车辆如高尔夫球手推车以及喷气式雪撬车等。

注塑模工艺条件:干燥处理:ABS材料具有吸湿性,要求在加工之前进行干燥处理。建议干燥条件80~90C下最少干燥2小时。材料温度应保证小于0.1%。210~280C;建议温度:245C。25…70C。(模具温度将影响塑件光洁度,温度较低则导致光洁度较低)。500~1000bar。

化学和物理特性:ABS是由丙烯腈、丁二烯和苯乙烯三种化学单体合成。每种单体都具有不同特性:苯乙烯具有易加工、高光洁度及高强度。从形态上看,ABS是非结晶性材料。-丙烯腈的连续相,ABS的特性主要取决于三种单体的比率以及两相上百种不同品质的ABS材料。这些不同品质的材料提供了不同的特性,例如从中等ABS材料具有超强的易加工性,外观特性,低蠕变性和优异的尺寸稳定性以及很高

ABSGeneric?ClassABS?(Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene)

Typical?ApplicationsAutomotive?(instrument?and?interior?trim?panels,?glove?compartment?doors,?wheel?covers,?mirror?housings,?etc.),?refrigerators,?small?appliance?housings?and?power?tools?applications?(hair?dryers,?blenders,?food?processors,?lawnmowers,?etc.),?telephone?housings,?typewriter?housings,?typewriter?keys,?and?recreational?vehicles?such?as?golf?carts?and?jet?skis.

Injection?Molding?Processing?Conditions

Drying?ABS?resins?are?hygroscopic?and?drying?is?required?prior?to?processing.?Suggested?drying?conditions?are?80?-?90?C?(176?-?195?F)?for?a?minimum?of?2?hours.?Resin?moisture?content?should?be?less?than?0.1%??Melt?Temperature??200?-?280?C?(392?-?536?F);?Aim:?230?C?(446?F)??Mold?Temperature?25?-?80?C?(77?-?176?F).?(Mold?temperatures?control?the?gloss?properties;?lower?mold?temperatures?produce?lower?gloss?levels)??Resin?Injection?Pressure?500?-?1,000?bar?(7,250?-?14,500?psi)??Injection?Speed?Moderate?-?high??

Chemical?and?Physical?PropertiesABS?is?produced?by?a?combination?of?three?monomers:?acrylonitrile,?butadiene,?and?styrene.?Each?of?the?monomers?impart?different?properties:?hardness,?chemical?and?heat?resistance?from?acrylonitrile;?processibility,?gloss,?and?strength?from?styrene;?and?toughness?and?impact?resistance?from?butadiene.?Morphologically,?ABS?is?an?amorphous?resin.

The?polymerization?of?the?three?monomers?produces?a?terpolymer?which?has?two?phases:?a?continuous?phase?of?styrene-acrylonitrile?(SAN)?and?a?dispersed?phase?of?polybutadiene?rubber.?The?properties?of?ABS?are?affected?by?the?ratios?of?the?monomers?and?molecular?structure?of?the?two?phases.?This?allows?a?good?deal?of?flexibility?in?product?design?and?consequently,?there?are?hundreds?of?grades?available?in?the?market.?Commercially?available?grades?offer?different?characteristics?such?as?medium?to?high?impact,?low?to?high?surface?gloss,?and?high?heat?distortion.

ABS?offers?superior?processibility,?appearance,?low?creep?and?excellent?dimensional?stability,?and?high?impact?strength.

Major?ManufacturersDow?Chemical?(Magnum?grades),?GE?Plastics?(Cycolac),?Bayer?(Lustran),?BASF?(Terluran),?Chi?Mei?(Polylac),?LG?Chemical?(Lupos),?Cheil?Synthesis.?

PA12?聚酰胺12或尼龙12?

典型应用范围:水量表和其他商业设备,电缆套,机械凸轮,滑动机构以及轴承等。

注塑模工艺条件:干燥处理:加工之前应保证湿度在0.1%以下。如果材料是暴露在空气中储存,建议要在85C热空气中干燥4~5小时。如果材料是在密闭容器中储存,那么经过3小时温度平衡即可熔化温度:240~300C;对于普通特性材料不要超过310C,对于有阻燃特性材料不要超过270C。30~40C,对于薄壁或大面积元件为80~90C,对于增强型材料为90~100C。增加温度将增加材料的结晶度。精确地控制模具温度对PA12来说是很重要的。1000bar(建议使用低保压压力和高熔化温度)。流道和浇口:对于未加添加剂的材料,由于材料粘性较低,流道直径应在30mm左右。对于增强型材料要求5~8mm的大流道直径。流道形状应当全部为圆形。注入口应尽可能的短。可以使用多种形式厚度最好和塑件厚度相等。如果使用潜入式浇口,建议最小的直径为0.8mm。使用热流道,浇口尺寸应当比冷流道要小一些。

化学和物理特性:PA12是从丁二烯线性,半结晶-结晶热塑性材料。它的特性和PA11相似,但晶体结构不同。PA12是很好的电气绝缘体并且和其它聚酰胺一样不会因潮湿影响绝缘性能。它有很好的PA12有许多在塑化特性和增强特性方面的改良品种。PA6及PA66相比,这些材料有较低的熔点和密度,具有非常高的回潮率。PA12对强氧化性PA12的粘性主要取决于湿度、温度和储藏时间。它的流动性很好。收缩率在0.5%到2%之间,

PA?12Generic?ClassPA?12?(Polyamide?12?or?Nylon?12)

Typical?ApplicationsGear?wheels?for?water?meters?and?business?machines,?cable?ties,?cams,?slides,?and?bearings.

Injection?Molding?Processing?Conditions

Drying?The?moisture?content?must?be?below?0.1%?prior?to?processing.?If?the?material?is?exposed?to?air,?drying?in?a?hot?air?oven?at?85?C?(185?F)?for?4?-5?hours?is?recommended?(3-4?hours?in?a?desiccant?dryer).?If?the?container?is?unopened,?it?may?be?used?directly?for?molding?after?3?hours?of?equilibration?to?shop?floor?temperature.??Melt?Temperature??230?-?300?C?(446?-?580?F);?Not?to?exceed?310?C?(590?F)?for?standard?grades?and?270?C?(518?F)?for?flame?retardant?grades??Mold?Temperature??30?-?40C?(86?-?104?F)?for?unreinforced?grades;?for?thin?walled?or?large?surface?area?components,?80?-90?C?(176?-?194?F)?may?be?used;?90?-?100?C?(194?-?212?F)?for?reinforced?grades.?Increasing?the?mold?temperature?increases?the?crystallinity?level.?It?is?very?important?to?precisely?control?the?mold?temperature.??Resin?Injection?Pressure?Up?to?1,000?bar?(14,?500?psi)?Low?hold?pressures?and?high?melt?temperatures?are?recommended.??Injection?Speed?High?(high?speeds?give?better?finish?on?glass-filled?grades)??

Runners?and?GatesRunner?diameters?for?unfilled?grades?may?be?as?small?as?3?-?5?mm?because?of?the?material''s?low?viscosity.?Reinforced?grades?require?larger?diameters?(5?-?8?mm).?The?runner?shape?should?be?the?full?round?type.?Sprues?should?be?as?short?as?possible.

A?variety?of?gates?may?be?used.?Small?gates?for?large?parts?should?be?not?be?used,?in?order?to?avoid?highly?stressed?components?or?excessive?shrinkage.?The?thickness?of?the?gate?should?preferably?be?equal?to?the?part?thickness.?When?using?submarine?gates,?the?minimum?recommended?diameter?is?0.8?mm.

Hot?runner?molds?may?be?used?effectively?but?precise?temperature?control?is?necessary?to?prevent?material?drooling?or?freezing?off?at?the?nozzle.?When?hot?runners?are?used,?the?size?of?the?gates?may?be?smaller?than?in?the?case?of?cold?runners.

Chemical?and?Physical?PropertiesPA?12?is?a?linear,?semicrystalline-crystalline?thermoplastic?derived?from?butadiene.?It?has?properties?similar?to?PA?11?but?its?crystal?structure?is?different.?PA?12?is?a?good?electrical?insulator?and?its?properties?are?not?as?sensitive?to?humidity?as?other?polyamides.?It?has?good?resistance?to?shock?and?resistant?to?many?chemicals.?It?is?extensively?modified?with?plasticisers?and?reinforcements.?In?comparison?to?PA?6?and?PA?66,?these?materials?have?a?lower?melting?point,?density,?and?much?lower?moisture?regain.?It?is?not?resistant?to?strong?oxidizing?acids.

Viscosity?is?determined?by?water?content,?temperature,?and?residence?time.?This?material?flows?easily.?Shrinkage?is?of?the?order?of?0.005?-?0.02?mm/mm?(0.5?-?2%).?This?is?dependent?on?the?specific?grade,?wall?thickness,?and?processing?conditions.

PA6?聚酰胺6或尼龙6?

典型应用范围:由于有很好的机械强度和刚度被广泛用于结构部件。由于有很好的耐磨损特性,还用于制造轴承。

注塑模工艺条件:干燥处理:由于PA6很容易吸收水分,因此加工前的干燥特别要注意。如果材料是用防水材料包装0.2%,建议在80C以上的热空气中干燥16小时。如果8小时,建议进行105C,8小时以上的真空烘干。230~280C,对于增强品种为250~280C。80~90C。模具温度很显著地影响结晶度,而结晶度又影响着塑件的机械特性。80~90C。对于薄壁的,流程较长的塑件如果壁厚大于3mm,建议使用20~40C的低温模具。对于玻璃增强材料模具温度应大于80C。750~1250bar之间(取决于材料和产品设计)。流道和浇口:由于PA6的凝固时间很短,因此浇口的位置非常重要。浇口孔径不要小于0.5tt为塑件厚度)。如果使用热流道,浇口尺寸应比使用常规流道小一些,0.75mm。

:PA6的化学物理特性和PA66很相似,然而,它的熔点较低,而且工艺温度范围很宽。PA66要好,但吸湿性也更强。因为塑件的许多品质特性PA6设计产品时要充分考虑到这一点。为了提高PA6的机械特性,经常加入各种各样的改性剂。玻璃就是最常见的添加剂,有时为了EPDM和SBR等。PA6的收缩率在1%到1.5%之间。加入玻璃纤维添加剂可以使0.3%(但和流程相垂直的方向还要稍高一些)。成型组装的收缩率主要

PA?6Generic?ClassPA?6?(Polyamide?6,?or?Nylon?6,?or?Polycaprolactam)

ApplicationsUsed?in?many?structural?applications?because?of?its?good?mechanical?strength?and?rigidity.?It?is?used?in?bearings?because?of?its?good?wear?resistance.

Injection?Molding?processing?conditions



Drying??Since?PA?6?absorbs?moisture?readily,?care?should?be?taken?to?ensure?its?dryness?prior?to?molding.?If?the?material?is?supplied?in?watertight?packaging,?the?containers?should?be?kept?closed.?If?the?moisture?content?is?>0.2%,?drying?in?a?hot?air?oven?at?80?C?(176?F)?for?16?hours?is?recommended.?If?the?material?has?been?exposed?to?air?for?more?than?8?hours,?vacuum?drying?at?105?C?(221?F)?for?more?than?8?hours?is?recommended.??Melt?Temperature???230?-?280?C?(446?-?536?F);?250?-?300?C?(482?-?572?F)?for?reinforced?grades??Mold?Temperature?80?-?90?C?(176?-?194?F).?Mold?temperature?significantly?influences?the?crystallinity?level?which?in?turn?affects?the?mechanical?properties.?For?structural?parts,?a?high?degree?of?crystallization?is?required?and?mold?temperatures?of?80?-?90?C?(176?-?194?F)?are?recommended.?High?mold?temperatures?are?also?recommended?for?thin-wall?parts?with?long?flow?lengths.?Increasing?the?mold?temperature?increases?the?strength?and?hardness,?but?the?toughness?is?decreased.?When?the?wall?thickness?is?greater?than?3?mm,?a?cold?mold?is?recommended?(20?-?40?C?/?68?-?104?F),?which?leads?to?a?higher?and?more?uniform?degree?of?crystallinity.?Glass?reinforced?resins?are?always?processed?at?mold?temperatures?greater?than?80?C?(176?F).??Resin?Injection?Pressure?Generally?between?750?-?1,250?bar?(~11,000?-?18,000?psi)?(depends?on?material?and?product?design)??Injection?Speed?High?(slightly?lower?for?reinforced?grades)??

Runners?and?GatesThe?gate?location?is?important?because?of?very?fast?freeze-off?times.?Any?type?of?gate?may?be?used;?the?aperture?should?not?be?less?than?half?the?thickness?of?the?part.?When?hot?runners?are?used,?the?size?of?the?gates?can?be?smaller?than?when?cold?runners?are?used,?because?premature?freeze-off?is?prevented.?When?using?submarine?gates,?the?minimum?diameter?of?the?gate?should?be?0.75?mm.

Chemical?and?Physical?PropertiesThe?molecular?structure?of?polyamides?consist?of?amide?(CONH)?groups?joined?by?linear?aliphatic?sections?(based?on?methylene?groups).?The?toughness,?rigidity,?crystallinity,?and?thermal?resistance?of?polyamide?resins?are?due?to?the?strong?interchain?attraction?caused?by?the?polarity?of?the?amide?groups.?The?CONH?groups?also?cause?a?lot?of?moisture?absorption.

Nylon?6?is?produced?by?polymerization?of?caprolactam.?The?chemical?and?physical?properties?are?similar?to?that?of?PA?66.?However,?its?melting?point?is?lower?than?PA?66?and?it?has?a?wider?processing?temperature?range.?Its?impact?strength?and?solvent?resistance?are?better?than?PA?66,?but?its?moisture?absorption?is?higher.?Many?properties?are?affected?by?moisture?absorption,?which?must?be?taken?into?account?when?designing?with?this?resin.?Various?modifiers?are?added?to?improve?mechanical?properties;?glass?is?one?of?the?most?commonly?used?fillers.?Addition?of?elastomers?such?as?EPDM?or?SBR?improves?impact?resistance.

For?unfilled?grades,?shrinkage?is?of?the?order?of?.01?-?.015?mm/mm?(1?-?1.5%).?Addition?of?glass?fibers?reduce?the?shrinkage?to?as?low?as?0.3%?in?the?flow?direction?(but?could?be?as?high?as?1%?in?the?cross-flow?direction).?The?post-molding?shrinkage?is?affected?mainly?by?the?crystallinity?level?and?moisture?absorption.?The?actual?shrinkage?is?a?function?of?part?design,?wall?thickness,?and?processing?conditions.

Major?ManufacturersBASF?(Ultramid?B),?DuPont?(Zytel),?DSM?(Akulon)?

PA66?聚酰胺66或尼龙66

典型应用范围:同PA6相比,PA66更广泛应用于汽车工业、仪器壳体以及其它需要有抗冲击性和高强度要求的产品。

:干燥处理:如果加工前材料是密封的,那么就没有必要干燥。然而,如果储存容器被打开,那么建议在85C的热空气中干燥处理。如果湿度大于0.2%,还需要进行105C,12小时的真空干燥。260~290C。对玻璃添加剂的产品为275~280C。熔化温度应避免高于300C。80C。模具温度将影响结晶度,而结晶度将影响产品的物理特性。对于40C的模具温度,则塑件的结晶度将随着时间而变化,为了保持注射压力:通常在750~1250bar,取决于材料和产品设计。流道和浇口:由于PA66的凝固时间很短,因此浇口的位置非常重要。浇口孔径不要小于0.5tt为塑件厚度)。如果使用热流道,浇口尺寸应比使用常规流道小一些,应当是0.75mm。

:PA66在聚酰胺材料中有较高的熔点。它是一种半晶体-晶体材料。PA66在较高温度也能保持较强的强度和刚度。PA66在成型后仍然具有吸湿性,其程度主要取决于材料的组成、壁厚以及环境条件。在产品设计时,一定要考虑吸湿性对几何稳定性的影响。PA66的机械特性,经常加入各种各样的改性剂。玻璃就是最常见的添加剂,有时为了提高抗冲击性还加入合成橡胶,如EPDM和SBR等。PA66的粘性较低,因此流动性很好(但不如PA6)。这个性质可以用来加工很薄的元件。PA66的收缩率在1%~2%之间,加入玻璃纤维添加剂可以将0.2%~1%?。收缩率在流程方向和与流程方向相垂直方向上的相异是较大的。PA66对许多溶剂具有抗溶性,但对酸和其它一些氯化剂的抵抗力较弱。

PA?66Generic?ClassPA?66?(Polyamide?66,?or?Nylon?66,?or?poly?(hexamethylene?adipamide))

ApplicationsCompetes?with?PA?6?for?most?applications.?PA?66?is?heavily?used?in?the?automotive?industry,?appliance?housings,?and?generally?where?impact?resistance?and?strength?are?required.

Injection?Molding?Processing?conditions

Drying?Drying?is?not?required?if?the?material?is?sealed?prior?to?molding;?however,?if?the?containers?are?left?open,?drying?in?a?hot?air?oven?at?85?C?(185?F)?is?recommended.?If?the?moisture?content?is?>0.2%,?vacuum?drying?at?105?C?(220?F)?for?12?hours?is?recommended.??Melt?Temperature???260?-?290?C?(500?-?554?F);?275?-?280?C?(527?-?536?F)?for?glass?filled?grades;?melt?temperatures?above?300?C?(572?F)?should?be?avoided??Mold?Temperature?80?C?(176?F)?suggested.?Mold?temperature?affects?crystallinity?level?which?in?turn?affects?physical?properties.?In?the?case?of?thin?walled?parts,?crystallinity?changes?with?time?if?mold?temperatures?of?less?than?40?C?(104?F)?are?used.?In?such?cases,?annealing?may?be?needed?to?retain?dimensional?stability.??Resin?Injection?Pressure??Generally?between?750?-?1,250?bar?(~11,000?-?18,000?psi),?depends?on?material?and?product?design??Injection?Speed?High?(slightly?lower?for?reinforced?grades)??

Runners?and?GatesThe?gate?location?is?important?because?of?very?fast?freeze-off?times.?Any?type?of?gate?may?be?used;?the?aperture?should?not?be?less?than?half?the?thickness?of?the?part.?When?hot?runners?are?used,?the?size?of?the?gates?can?be?smaller?than?when?cold?runners?are?used,?because?premature?freeze-off?is?prevented.?When?using?submarine?gates,?the?minimum?diameter?of?the?gate?should?be?0.75?mm.

Chemical?and?physical?propertiesPA?66?homopolymer?is?produced?by?the?polymerization?of?hexamethylene?diamine?and?adipic?acid?(a?dibasic?acid).?Among?commercially?available?polyamides,?PA?66?has?one?of?the?highest?melting?points.?It?is?a?semicrystalline-crystalline?material.?The?resins?have?strength?and?stiffness?which?is?retained?at?elevated?temperatures.?It?does?absorb?moisture?after?molding,?but?the?retention?is?not?as?much?as?in?the?case?of?PA?6.?Moisture?absorption?depends?on?the?composition?of?the?material,?wall?thickness,?and?environmental?conditions.?Dimensional?stability?and?properties?are?all?affected?by?the?amount?of?moisture?absorption?which?must?be?taken?into?account?for?product?design.

Various?modifiers?are?added?to?improve?mechanical?properties;?glass?is?one?of?the?most?commonly?used?filler.?Addition?of?elastomers?such?as?EPDM?or?SBR?improves?impact?resistance.

The?viscosity?is?low?and?therefore,?it?flows?easily?(but?not?as?easily?as?PA?6).?This?allows?molding?of?thin?components.?The?viscosity?is?very?sensitive?to?temperature.?Shrinkage?is?of?the?order?of?0.01?-?0.02?mm/mm?(1?-?2%).?Addition?of?reinforcing?glass?fibers?reduces?the?shrinkage?to?0.2?-?1%.?Differential?shrinkage?in?the?flow?and?cross-flow?directions?is?quite?high.?Mineral?fillers?yield?more?isotropic?moldings.?PA?66?is?resistant?to?most?solvents?but?not?to?strong?acids?or?oxidizing?agents.

Major?ManufacturersBASF?(Ultramid?A),?DuPont?(Minlon?-?mineral?reinforced?grades;?Zytel),?Monsanto?(Vydyne),?DSM?(Akulon).?

PBT?聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯

典型应用范围:

家用器具(食品加工刀片、真空吸尘器元件、电风扇、头发干燥机壳体、咖啡器皿等),电器元件(开关、电机壳、保险丝盒、计算机键盘按键等),汽车工业(散热器格窗、车身嵌板、车轮盖、门窗部件等)。

注塑模工艺条件:

干燥处理:这种材料在高温下很容易水解,因此加工前的干燥处理是很重要的。建议在空气中的干燥条件为120C,6~8小时,或者150C,2~4小时。湿度必须小于0.03%。如果用吸湿干燥器干燥,建议条件为150C,2.5小时?225~275C,建议温度:250C?。40~60C。要很好地设计模具的冷却腔道以减小塑件的弯曲。热量的散失一定要快而均匀。建议模具冷却腔道的直径为12mm。1500bar)。PBT的凝固很快)。:建议使用圆形流道以增加压力的传递(经验公式:流道直径=塑件厚度+1.5mm)。可以使用各种型式的浇口。也可以使用热流道,但要注意防止材料的渗漏和降解。浇口直径应该在0.8~1.0t之间,这里?t是塑件厚度。如果是潜入式浇口,建议最小直径为0.75mm。

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PBT是最坚韧的工程热塑材料之一,它是半结晶材料,有非常好的化学稳定性、机械强度、电绝缘特性和热稳定性。这些材料在很广的环境条件下都有很好的稳定性。?PBT吸湿特性很弱。PBT的张力强度为50MPa,玻璃添加剂型的PBT张力强度为170MPa。玻璃添加剂过多将导致材料变脆。PBT的;结晶很迅速,这将导致因冷却不均匀而造成弯曲变形。对于有玻璃添加剂类型的材料,流程方向的收缩率可以减小,但与流程垂直方向的收缩率基本上和普通材料没有区别。一般材料收缩率在1.5%~2.8%之间。含30%玻璃添加剂的材料收缩0.3%~1.6%之间。熔点(225%C)和高温变形温度都比PET材料要低。维卡软化温度大约为170C。玻璃化转换温度(glass?trasitio?temperature)在22C到43C之间。PBT的结晶速度很高,因此它的粘性很低,塑件加工的周期时间一般也较低。

PBTGeneric?ClassPBT?(Polybutylene?Terephthalates)

Typical?ApplicationsHousehold?appliances?(food?processor?blades,?vacuum?cleaner?parts,?fans,?hair?dryer?housings,?coffee?makers,?etc.),?electronics?(switches,?motor?housings,?fuse?cases,?key?caps?for?computer?keyboards,?connectors,?fiber?optic?buffer?tubing,?etc.),?automotive?(grilles,?body?panels,?wheel?covers,?and?components?for?doors?and?windows,?etc.)

Injection?Molding?Processing?Conditions

Drying?This?material?is?sensitive?to?hydrolysis?at?high?temperatures.?It?is?therefore?important?to?dry?the?material?prior?to?molding.?Suggested?drying?conditions?(in?air)?are?120?C?(248?F)?for?6?-?8?hours?(or?150?C?(300?F)?for?2?-?4?hours).?Moisture?levels?must?be?below?0.03%.?When?using?a?desiccant?dryer,?drying?at?120?C?(248?F)?for?2.5?hours?is?recommended.??Melt?Temperature?220?-?280?C?(428?-?536?F);?aim:?250?C?(482?F)??Mold?Temperature???40?-?60?C?(104?-?140?F)?for?unreinforced?grades.?For?other?grades,?a?wide?range?of?temperatures?can?be?used,?depending?on?the?grade?(15?-?80?C?/?59?-?176?F).?Cooling?channels?should?be?properly?designed?to?minimize?part?warpage.?The?heat?removal?must?be?fast?and?uniform.?Cooling?channels?of?12?mm?diameter?are?recommended.???Resin?Injection?Pressure??Moderate?(up?to?maximum?of?1500?bar?/?21750?psi).???Injection?Speed?Fastest?possible?speeds?should?be?used?(due?to?fast?solidification?of?PBTs)??

Runners?and?GatesFull?round?runners?are?recommended?to?impart?maximum?pressure?transmission?(rule?of?thumb:?runner?diameter?=?part?thickness?+?1.5?mm).?A?wide?variety?of?gates?may?be?used.?Hot?runners?may?also?be?used,?taking?care?to?avoid?drool?and?material?degradation.?Gate?diameters?or?depths?should?preferably?be?between?0.8?-?1.0?times?the?part?thickness.?When?using?submarine?gates,?the?minimum?recommended?diameter?is?0.75?mm.

Chemical?and?Physical?PropertiesPBT?is?one?of?the?toughest?engineering?thermoplastics.?It?is?a?semicrystalline?resin?and?has?excellent?chemical?resistance,?mechanical?strength,?electrical?properties?(high?dielectric?strength?and?insulation?resistance),?and?heat?resistance,?all?of?which?are?stable?over?a?broad?range?of?environmental?conditions.?It?has?very?low?moisture?absorption.

PBT,?which?is?a?polyester,?is?produced?by?the?polycondensation?reaction?of?dimethyl?terephthalate?an?butanediol.

Tensile?strength?ranges?from?50?MPa?(7,250?psi)?for?unfilled?grades?to?170?MPa?(24,650?psi)?for?glass?reinforced?grades.?High?levels?of?glass?fillers?make?the?material?more?brittle.?Crystallization?is?rapid?and?this?could?cause?warpage?due?to?non-uniform?cooling.?In?the?case?of?glass?filled?grades,?shrinkage?is?reduced?in?the?flow?direction,?but?in?the?cross-flow?direction?it?may?be?equal?to?that?of?the?base?resin.?Shrinkage?is?of?the?order?of?0.015?-?0.028?mm/mm?(1.5?-2.8%).?A?30%?glass-filled?resin?has?a?shrinkage?range?of?0.3?-?1.6%.?The?melting?point?(approximately?225?C?/?437?F)?and?heat?distortion?temperatures?are?lower?than?that?of?PET.?The?Vicat?softening?point?is?approximately?170?C?(338?F).?The?glass?transition?temperature?ranges?from?22?-?43?C?(71?-?109?F).

The?melt?viscosity?is?fairly?low?and?due?to?fast?crystallization?rates,?cycle?times?are?typically?low.

Major?ManufacturersBASF?(Ultradur),?Ticona?(Celanex),?GE?Plastics?(Lomod,?Valox),?Bayer?(Pocan),?Huls?(Vestoduv),?Mitsubishi?Engineering?Plastics?(Novadur),?Teijin?Chemicals

PC?聚碳酸酯典型应用范围:

电气和商业设备(计算机元件、连接器等),器具(食品加工机、电冰箱抽屉等),交通运输行业(车辆的前后灯、仪表板等)。

注塑模工艺条件:

干燥处理:PC材料具有吸湿性,加工前的干燥很重要。建议干燥条件为100C到200C,3~4小时。加工0.02%。260~340C。70~120C。注射速度:对于较小的浇口使用低速注射,对其它类型的浇口使用高速注射。

化学和物理特性:

PC是一种非晶体工程材料,具有特别好的抗冲击强度、热稳定性、光泽度、抑制细菌特性、阻燃特PC的缺口伊估德冲击强度(otched?Izod?impact?stregth)非常高,并且收缩0.1%~0.2%。PC有很好的机械特性,但流动特性较差,因此这种材料的注塑过程较困难。在选用何种品质的?PCPC材料;反之,可以使用高流动率的PC材料,这样可以优化注塑过程。

PCGeneric?ClassPC?(Polycarbonate)

Typical?ApplicationsElectronic?and?business?equipment?(computer?parts,?connectors,?etc.),?appliances?(food?processors,?refrigerator?drawers,?etc.),?transportation?(head?lights,?tail?lights,?instrument?panels,?etc.).

Injection?Molding?Processing?Conditions

Drying?PC?resins?are?hygroscopic?and?pre-drying?is?important.?Recommended?drying?conditions?are?100?-?120?C?(212?-?248?F)?for?3?to?4?hours.?Moisture?content?must?be?less?than?0.02%?prior?to?processing.??Melt?Temperature?260?-?340?C?(500?-?644?F);?higher?range?for?low?MFR?resins?and?vice-versa??Mold?Temperature??70?-?120?C?(158?-?248?F);?higher?range?for?low?MFR?resins?and?vice-versa??Fill?Pressure?As?high?as?possible?for?rapid?molding??Injection?Speed?Slow?injection?speeds?when?small?or?edge?gates?are?used;?high?speeds?for?other?types?of?gates??

Chemical?and?Physical?PropertiesPolycarbonate?is?a?polyester?of?carbonic?acid.?All?general-purpose?polycarbonates?are?based?on?bisphenol?A.?The?bisphenol?A?component?of?the?molecule?contributes?to?the?high?glass?transition?temperature?(150?C?/?302?F).?The?rotational?mobility?of?the?carbonyl?group?within?the?molecule?contributes?to?the?high?ductility?and?toughness?of?the?resin.

PC?is?an?amorphous?engineering?resin?with?exceptionally?good?impact?strength,?heat?resistance,?clarity,?sterilizability,?flame?retardancy,?and?stain?resistance.?The?notched?Izod?impact?strength?of?PC?is?very?high?and?mold?shrinkage?is?low?and?consistent?(.1?-.2?mm/mm).

High?molecular?weight?PCs?(which?translate?to?low?melt?flow?rate)?have?higher?mechanical?properties,?but?processibility?of?such?resins?becomes?difficult.?The?type?of?PC?chosen?for?a?particular?application?should?be?based?on?the?desired?criteria?(for?high?impact?properties,?use?a?low-MFR?PC;?conversely,?for?optimal?processibility,?use?a?high-MFR?PC).

The?melt?viscosities?are?typically?Newtonian?up?to?shear?rates?of?1000?1/s?and?decrease?beyond?that.?The?Heat?Deflection?Temperature?Under?Load?is?typically?between?130?-140?C?(266?-?284?F)?and?the?Vicat?Softening?Point?is?typically?around?155?C?(311?F).

Major?ManufacturersDow?Chemical?(Caliber),?GE?Plastics?(Lexan),?Bayer?(Apec,?Macrolon),?DSM?(Xantar),?LNP?(Lurbricomp,?Thermocomp),?Mitsubushi?Engineering?Plastics?(Novarex),?Teijin?Chemical?(Panlite

PC/ABS?聚碳酸酯和丙烯腈-.....PC/ABS?聚碳酸酯和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物和混合物

典型应用范围:计算机和商业机器的壳体、电器设备、草坪和园艺机器、汽车零件(仪表板、内部装修以及车轮盖)。

注塑模工艺条件:干燥处理:加工前的干燥处理是必须的。湿度应小于0.04%,建议干燥条件为90~110C,2~4小时。230~300C。50~100C。注射速度:尽可能地高。

化学和物理特性:PC/ABS具有PC和ABS两者的综合特性。例如ABS的易加工特性和PC的优良机械特性和热稳定性。PC/ABS材料的热稳定性。PC/ABS这种混合材料还显示了优异的流动特性。

PC/PBT?聚碳酸酯和聚对苯二甲酸丁二.....PC/PBT?聚碳酸酯和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯的混合物??

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齿轮箱、汽车保险杠以及要求具有抗化学反应和耐腐蚀性、热稳定性、抗冲击性以及几何稳定性的产品。

注塑模工艺条件:

干燥处理:建议110~135C,约4小时的干燥处理。

235~300C。

37~93C。

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PC/PBT具有PC和PBT二者的综合特性,例如PC的高韧性和几何稳定性以及PBT的化学稳定性、热稳定性和润滑特性等

PE-HD?高密度聚乙烯?:

电冰箱容器、存储容器、家用厨具、密封盖等。

注塑模工艺条件:

干燥:如果存储恰当则无须干燥。

熔化温度:220~260C。对于分子较大的材料,建议熔化温度范围在200~250C之间。

50~95C。6mm以下壁厚的塑件应使用较高的模具温度,6mm以上壁厚的



的加工周期时间,冷却腔道直径应不小于8mm,并且距模具表面的距离应在1.3d之内d”是冷却腔道的直径)。

700~1050bar。



流道和浇口:

流道直径在4到7.5mm之间,流道长度应尽可能短。可以使用各种类型的浇口,浇口

0.75mm。特别适用于使用热流道模具。

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PE-HD的高结晶度导致了它的高密度,抗张力强度,高温扭曲温度,粘性以及化学稳定性。

PE-HD比PE-LD有更强的抗渗透性。PE-HD的抗冲击强度较低。PH-HD的特性主要由密度和

PE-HD分子量分布很窄。对于密度为0.91~?0.925g/cm3,我们称之为第一类型PE-HD;对于密度为0.926~?0.94g/cm3,称之为第二类型PE-HD;对于密度为0.94~?0.965g/cm3,称之为第三类型PE-HD。

MFR为0.1到28之间。分子量越高,PH-LD的流动特性越差,但是有更好的抗冲击强度。

PE-LD是半结晶材料,成型后收缩率较高,在1.5%到4%之间。

PE-HD很容易发生环境应力开裂现象。可以通过使用很低流动特性的材料以减小内部应力,

PE-HD当温度高于60C时很容易在烃类溶剂中溶解,但其抗溶解性比PE-LD还要好一些。

PEI?聚乙醚??

典型应用范围:

汽车工业(发动机配件如温度传感器、燃料和空气处理器等),电器及电子设备(电气联结器、印刷电路板、芯片外壳、防爆盒等),产品包装,飞机内部设备,医药行业(外科器械、工具壳体、非植入器械)。

注塑模工艺条件:

干燥处理:PEI具有吸湿特性并可导致材料降解。要求湿度值应小于0.02%。建议干燥条件为150C、4小时的干燥处理。

340~400C;增强类型材料为340~415C。

107~175C,建议模具温度为140C。

700~1500bar。



化学和物理特性:

PEI具有很强的高温稳定性,既使是非增强型的PEI,仍具有很好的韧性和强度。因此利用PEI优越的热稳定性可用来制作高温耐热器件。PEI还有良好的阻燃性、抗化学反应以及电绝缘特性。

215C。PEI还具有很低的收缩率及良好的等方向机械特性。

PETG?乙二醇改性-聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯?

典型应用范围:

医药设备(试管、试剂瓶等),玩具,显示器,光源外罩,防护面罩,冰箱保鲜盘等。

注塑模工艺条件:

干燥处理:加工前的干燥处理是必须的。湿度必须低于0.04%。建议干燥条件为65C、4小时,注意干燥温度不要超过66C。

220~290C。

10~30C,建议为15C。

300~1300bar。



化学和物理特性:

PETG是透明的、非晶体材料。玻璃化转化温度为88C。PETG的注塑工艺条件的允许范围比PET要广一些,并具有透明、高强度、高任性的综合特性。

PETGGeneric?ClassPETG?(Glycol-modified?PET;?Copolyesters)

Typical?ApplicationsPETGs?offer?a?desirable?combination?of?properties?such?as?clarity,?toughness,?and?stiffness.?Applications?include?medical?devices?(test?tubes?and?bottles),?toys,?displays?and?lighting?fixtures,?face?shields,?and?refrigerator?crisper?pans.

Injection?molding?processing?conditions

Drying?Drying?is?essential?for?PETG?prior?to?injection?molding.?The?moisture?level?must?be?below?0.04%.?Drying?temperature?is?not?to?exceed?66?C?(150?F).?Drying?at?approximately?65?C?(149?F)?for?4?hours?is?recommended.??Melt?Temperature??220?-?290?C?(428?-?554?F);?The?melt?temperature?is?grade?specific??Mold?Temperature?10?-?30?C?(50?-?86?F);?Recommended:?15?C?(60?F)??Resin?Injection?Pressure?300?-?1,300?bar?(4,350?-?19,000?psi)??Injection?speed?High?speeds?without?causing?embrittlement??

Chemical?and?Physical?PropertiesPETGs?(or?copolyesters)?are?glycol?modified?PETs;?the?modification?is?done?by?adding?a?second?glycol?during?polymerization.?The?resulting?molecular?structure?is?irregular?and?the?resin?is?clear?and?amorphous?with?a?glass?transition?temperature?of?88?C?(190?F).?PETGs?can?be?processed?over?a?wider?processing?range?than?conventional?PETs?and?offer?good?combination?of?properties?such?as?toughness,?clarity,?and?stiffness.

Major?ManufacturersEastman?Chemicals?



PMMA?聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯???:

典型应用范围:

汽车工业(信号灯设备、仪表盘等),医药行业(储血容器等),工业应用(影碟、灯光散射器),日用消费品(饮料杯、文具等)。

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干燥处理:PMMA具有吸湿性因此加工前的干燥处理是必须的。建议干燥条件为90C、2~4小时。

240~270C。

35~70C。



化学和物理特性:

PMMA具有优良的光学特性及耐气侯变化特性。白光的穿透性高达92%。PMMA制品具有很低的双折射,特别适合制作影碟等。

PMMA具有室温蠕变特性。随着负荷加大、时间增长,可导致应力开裂现象。PMMA具有较好的抗冲击特性。

PMMAGeneric?ClassPMMA?(Polymethyl?methacrylate)

Typical?ApplicationsAutomotive?(signal?light?devices,?instrument?panels,?etc.),?medical?(blood?cuvettes,?etc.),?industrial?(video?discs,?lighting?diffusers,?display?shelving,?etc.),?consumer?(drinking?tumblers,?stationery?accessories,?etc.)

Injection?Molding?Processing?Conditions

Drying?PMMA?is?hygroscopic?and?must?be?dried?prior?to?molding.?Drying?at?90?C?(194?F)?for?2-4?hours?is?recommended.??Melt?Temperature?240?-?280?C?(460?-?536?F)??Mold?Temperature?35?-?80?C?(90?-?176?F)??Injection?Speed?Moderate??

Chemical?and?Physical?PropertiesPellets?for?injection?molding?are?made?either?by?bulk?polymerization?of?methyl?methacrylate?followed?by?extrusion?and?pelletization?or?by?polymerization?in?an?extruder.?Formulations?vary?by?molecular?weight?and?physical?properties?such?as?flow?rate,?heat?resistance,?and?toughness.?Higher?molecular?weight?grades?are?tougher?than?lower?molecular?weight?grades.?High?flow?formulations?are?generally?preferred?for?molding.

Heat?deflection?temperature?under?load?varies?from?75?C?(167?F)?for?high?flow?materials?to?100?C?(212?F)?for?low?flow?(high?molecular?weight)?materials.

PMMA?has?excellent?optical?properties?and?weatherability.?The?white?light?transmittance?is?as?high?as?92%.?Molded?parts?can?have?very?low?birefringence?which?makes?it?ideally?suited?as?a?material?for?video?discs.

PMMA?exhibits?room?temperature?creep.?The?initial?tensile?strength?is?high?but?under?long?term,?high?stress?loading,?it?exhibits?stress?craze.?Impact?strength?is?good?but?it?does?show?some?notch?sensitivity.

Major?ManufacturersCyro?Industries,?Atohaas?(Plexiglas),?BASF,?Mitsubishi?Rayon.?

POM?聚甲醛



类别名:

POM?(聚甲醛)

:

POM具有很低的摩擦系数和很好的几何稳定性,特别适合于制作齿轮和轴承。由于它还具有



注塑模工艺条件:

干燥处理:如果材料储存在干燥环境中,通常不需要干燥处理。

熔化温度:均聚物材料为190~230C;共聚物材料为190~210C。

80~105C。为了减小成型后收缩率可选用高一些的模具温度。

700~1200bar

注射速度:中等或偏高的注射速度。

流道和浇口:

可以使用任何类型的浇口。如果使用隧道形浇口,则最好使用较短的类型。对于均聚物材料

建议使用热注嘴流道。对于共聚物材料既可使用内部的热流道也可使用外部热流道。

化学和物理特性:

POM是一种坚韧有弹性的材料,即使在低温下仍有很好的抗蠕变特性、几何稳定性和抗冲击

POM既有均聚物材料也有共聚物材料。均聚物材料具有很好的延展强度、抗疲劳强度,但不易于加工。共聚物材料有很好的热稳定性、化学稳定性并且易于加工。无论均聚物材料还是共聚物材料,都是结晶性材料并且不易吸收水分。

POM的高结晶程度导致它有相当高的收缩率,可高达到2%~3.5%。对于各种不同的增强型材料有不同的收缩率

PP?聚丙烯??



类别名:

PP?(聚丙烯)

:

汽车工业(主要使用含金属添加剂的PP:挡泥板、通风管、风扇等),器械(洗碗机门衬垫、干燥机通风管、洗衣机框架及机盖、冰箱门衬垫等),日用消费品(草坪和园艺设备如

剪草机和喷水器等)。

注塑模工艺条件:

干燥处理:如果储存适当则不需要干燥处理。

熔化温度:220~275C,注意不要超过275C。

模具温度:40~80C,建议使用50C。结晶程度主要由模具温度决定。

1800bar。



那么应使用较高温度下的低速注塑。

流道和浇口:

对于冷流道,典型的流道直径范围是4~7mm。建议使用通体为圆形的注入口和流道。所有

1~1.5mm,但也可以使用小到0.7mm的浇口。



PP材料完全可以使用热流道系统。

:

PP是一种半结晶性材料。它比PE要更坚硬并且有更高的熔点。

PP温度高于0C以上时非常脆,因此许多商业的PP材料是加入1~4%乙烯的无规则共聚物或更高比率乙烯含量的钳段式共聚物。共聚物型的PP材料有较低的热扭曲温度(100C)、低透明度、低光泽度、低刚性,但是有有更强的抗冲击强度。PP的强度随着乙烯含量的增加而增大。

PP的维卡软化温度为150C。由于结晶度较高,这种材料的表面刚度和抗划痕特性很好。

PP不存在环境应力开裂问题。通常,采用加入玻璃纤维、金属添加剂或热塑橡胶的方法对PP进行改性。PP的流动率MFR范围在1~40。低MFR的PP材料抗冲击特性较好但延展强度较低。对于相同MFR的材料,共聚物型的强度比均聚物型的要高。

PP的收缩率相当高,一般为1.8~2.5%。并且收缩率的方向均匀性比PE-HD等材料要好得多。加入30%的玻璃添加剂可以使收缩率降到0.7%。

PP材料都具有优良的抗吸湿性、抗酸碱腐蚀性、抗溶解性。然而,它对芳香烃(如苯)溶剂、氯化烃(四氯化碳)溶剂等没有抵抗力。PP也不象PE那样在高温下仍具有抗氧化性。

PPE?聚丙乙烯??



类别名:

PPE?(聚丙乙烯)

:

家庭用品(洗碗机、洗衣机等),电气设备如控制器壳体、光纤联接器等。

注塑模工艺条件:

干燥处理:建议在加工前进行2~4小时、100C的干燥处理。

240~320C。

60~105C。

600~1500bar。

:

可以使用所有类型的浇口。特别适合于使用柄形浇口和扇形浇口。

化学和物理特性:

通常,商业上提供的PPE或PPO材料一般都混入了其它热塑型材料例如PS、PA等。这些混合材料

PPE或PPO。

PPE或PPO比纯净的材料有好得多的加工特性。特性的变化依赖于混合物如PPO和PS的

PA?66的混合材料在高温下具有更强的化学稳定性。这种材料的吸湿性很小,其



混入了PS的材料是非结晶性的,而混入了PA的材料是结晶性的。加入玻璃纤维添加剂可以使

0.2%。这种材料还具有优良的电绝缘特性和很低的热膨胀系数。其黏性取决于

PPO的比率增大将导致黏性增加

PS?聚苯乙烯



类别名:

PS?(聚苯乙烯)

:

产品包装,家庭用品(餐具、托盘等),电气(透明容器、光源散射器、绝缘薄膜等)。

注塑模工艺条件:

干燥处理:除非储存不当,通常不需要干燥处理。如果需要干燥,建议干燥条件为80C、2~3小时。

180~280C。对于阻燃型材料其上限为250C。

40~50C。

200~600bar。



流道和浇口:

可以使用所有常规类型的浇口。

化学和物理特性:

大多数商业用的PS都是透明的、非晶体材料。PS具有非常好的几何稳定性、热稳定性、光学透过特性、电绝缘特性以及很微小的吸湿倾向。它能够抵抗水、稀释的无机酸,但能够被强氧化酸如浓硫酸所腐蚀,并且能够在一些有机溶剂中膨胀变形。

0.4~0.7%之间。

PVC?(聚氯乙烯)



类别名:

PVC?(聚氯乙烯)

:

供水管道,家用管道,房屋墙板,商用机器壳体,电子产品包装,医疗器械,食品包装等。

注塑模工艺条件:

干燥处理:通常不需要干燥处理。

熔化温度:185~205C

模具温度:20~50C

注射压力:可大到1500bar

保压压力:可大到1000bar

注射速度:为避免材料降解,一般要用相当地的注射速度。

流道和浇口:

所有常规的浇口都可以使用。如果加工较小的部件,最好使用针尖型浇口或潜入式浇口;

对于较厚的部件,最好使用扇形浇口。针尖型浇口或潜入式浇口的最小直径应为1mm;扇形

1mm。

:

刚性PVC是使用最广泛的塑料材料之一。PVC材料是一种非结晶性材料。

PVC材料在实际使用中经常加入稳定剂、润滑剂、辅助加工剂、色料、抗冲击剂及其它添加剂。

PVC材料具有不易燃性、高强度、耐气侯变化性以及优良的几何稳定性。

PVC对氧化剂、还原剂和强酸都有很强的抵抗力。然而它能够被浓氧化酸如浓硫酸、浓硝酸所腐蚀并且也不适用与芳香烃、氯化烃接触的场合。

PVC在加工时熔化温度是一个非常重要的工艺参数,如果此参数不当将导致材料分解的问题。

PVC的流动特性相当差,其工艺范围很窄。特别是大分子量的PVC材料更难于加工(这种材料通常要加入润滑剂改善流动特性),因此通常使用的都是小分子量的PVC材料。

PVC的收缩率相当低,一般为0.2~0.6%。

SA苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物



类别名:

SA?(苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物)

:

电气(插座、壳体等),日用商品(厨房器械,冰箱装置,电视机底座,卡带盒等),汽车工业(车头灯盒、反光境、仪表盘等),家庭用品(餐具、食品刀具等),化装品包装等。

注塑模工艺条件:

干燥处理:如果储存不适当,SA有一些吸湿特性。建议的干燥条件为80C、2~4小时。

200~270C。如果加工厚壁制品,可以使用低于下限的熔化温度。

40~80C。对于增强型材料,模具温度不要超过60C。冷却系统必须很好地进行设计,因为模具温度将直接影响制品的外观、收缩率和弯曲。

350~1300bar。



流道和浇口:

所有常规的浇口都可以使用。浇口尺寸必须很恰当,以避免产生条纹、煳斑和空隙。

化学和物理特性:

SA是一种坚硬、透明的材料。苯乙烯成份使SA坚硬、透明并易于加工;丙烯腈成份使SA具有化学稳定性和热稳定性。

SA具有很强的承受载荷的能力、抗化学反应能力、抗热变形特性和几何稳定性。SA中加入



SA的维卡软化温度约为110C。载荷下挠曲变形温度约为100C。

SA的收缩率约为0.3~0.7%。



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