初中英语国际标准音标练习
元音(20个) 单元音12个 前元音(4个) [i:] [i] [e] [?] 后元音(5个) [ɑ:] [?:] [?] [u:] [u] 中元音(3个) [?] [?:] [?] 双元音8个 合口双元音(5个) [ei] [?u] [ai] [au] [?i] 集中双元音(3个) [i?] [u?] [??] 辅音(28个) 清辅音(11个) [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [?] [t?] [tr] [ts] [h] 浊辅音(17个) [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [e] [?] [d?] [dr] [dz] [l] [m] [n] [?] [j] [w] [r]
/i:/bee/bi:/feet/fi:t/keep/ki:p/key/ki:/team/ti:m/meet/mi:t/
/i/it/it/big/big/city/siti/give/giv/sick/sik/
/e/get/get/best/best/text/tekst/help/help/
/?/fat/f?t/have/h?v/cat/k?t/back/b?k/hat/h?t/
/a:/laugh/la:f/glass/gla:s/half/ha:f/farm/fa:m/park/pa:k/
/?:/horse/h?:s/saw/s?:/corn/k?:n/course/k?:s/salt/s?:t/
/?/dog/d?g/pot/p?t/cost/k?st/what/w?t/honest/′?nist/
/u:/food/fu:d/moon/mu:n/rule/ru:l/loose/lu:s/noon/nu:n/
/u/book/buk/put/put/good/gud/would/wud/could/kud/
/?/must/m?st/does/d?z/money/′m?ni/ugly/′?gli/come/k?m/
/?:/nurse/n?:s/bird/b?:d/burn/b?:n/turn/t?:n/girl/g?:l/
/?/better/bet?/never/nev?/worker/w?:k?/welcome/welk?m/
/ei/may/mei/name/neim/game/geim/eight/eit/age/eid?/
/?u/no/n?u/home/h?um/hope/h?up/wrote/r?ut/note/n?ut/pose/p?uz/
/ai/eye/ai/time/taim/buy/bai/right/rait/bike/baik/kite/kait/
/au/now/nau/out/aut/how/hau/about/?′baut/south/sauθ/house/haus/
/?i/boy/b?i/toy/t?i/noise/n?iz/voice/v?is/point/p?int/coin/k?in/
/i?/ear/i?/near/ni?/idea/ai′di?/hear/hi?/mere/mi?/spear/spi?/
/ε?/air/ε?/tear/tε?/care/kε?/dare/dε?/fair/fε?/there/eε?/
/u?/tour/tu?/poor/pu?/sure/?u?/moor/mu?/(停泊)your/ju?/
/p/pea/pi:/pie/pai/top/t?p/cap/k?p/people/pi:pl/pride/praid/
/b/bee/bi:/by/bai/buy/bai/black/bl?k/bear/bε?/
/t/let/let/sat/s?t/feet/fi:t/team/ti:m/tide/taid/
/d/led/led/sad/s?d/feed/fi:d/do/du:/dear/di?/
/k/lack/l?k/take/teik/clock/kl?k/class/kla:s/weekend/′wi:kend/
/g/big/big/lag/l?g/glass/gla:s/gum/g?m/good/gud/guest/gest/
/f/face/feis/fast/fa:st/leaf/li:f/surf/s?:f/favorite/′feiv?rit/
/v/very/′veri/five/faiv/fever/′fi:v?/serve/s?:v/never/′nev?/
/θ/bath/ba:θ/(v洗澡)thick/θik/mouth/mauθ/、breath/breθ/(n呼吸)thought/θ?:t/author/′?θ?/truth/tru:θ/
/e/the/e?/they/eei/that/e?t/mother/′m?e?/thus/e?s/then/een/
/s/face/feis/mouse/maus/cakes/keiks/caps/k?ps/likes/laiks/stops/st?ps/
/z/close/kl?uz/keys/ki:z/boys/b?iz/pens/penz/halves/ha:vz/
/t?/catch/k?t?/cheep/t?i:p/rich/rit?/watch/wt?/child/t?aild/question/kwest??n/teach/ti:t?/challenge/t?lind?/
/d?/orange/′?rid?/large/la:d?/juice/d?u:s/job/d??b/
/tr/tree/tri:/try/trai/true/tru:/trouble/traubl/track/tr?k/
/dr/dry/drai/dream/dri:m/dress/dres/drink/dri?k/hundred/′h?ndrid/
/?/she/?i:/sharp/?a:p/fish/fi?/shock/??k/shoe/?u:/
/?/pleasure/′ple??/measure/′me??/television/′telivi??n/
/ts/let′s/lets/sports/sp?:ts/puts/puts/writes/raits/seats/si:ts/
/dz/hands/h?ndz/birds/b?:dz/friends/freindz/beds/bedz/stands/st?ndz/
/h/he/hi:/hard/ha:d/him/him/heard/h?:d/half/ha:f/
/l/like/laik/late/leit/learn/l?:n/lead/li:d/light/lait/
/m/my/mai/more/m?:/seem/si:m/meat/mi:t/mind/maind/men/men/
/n/nice/nais/wind/waind/mind/maind/rain/rein/fine/fain/
/?/sing/si?/wing/wi?/ring/ri?/long/l??/beautiful/bju:t?fl/
/j/you/ju:/few/fju:/yard/ja:d/music/′mju:zik/student/′stju:dnt/excuse/ik′skju:z/
/w/work/w?:k/way/wei/well/wel/what/w?t/twelve/twelv/twin/twin/
/r/red/red/road/r?ud/write/rait/wrong/r??/problem/′pr?bl?m/
音标综合练习
1./i://i//e//?/
/bit//wi:k//di:l//ri?l//kid//dig//kwik//tip//zip/bitweekdealrealkiddigquicktipzip/rid//wil//fil/
ridwillfill
/pet//p?k//g?p//k?g//n?g//r?m//b?tl//sed/petpackgapcapnagrambattlesaid
/′h?pi//ten//red//′setl//tr??//di′pend/
happytenredsettletrashdepend
2./a://?://?//u://u/
/a:sk//ma:sk//pa:st//fra:ns//?d//l?:n//n?:t//p?:z/askmaskpastFranceoddlawnnaughtpause/f?ks//s?k/
foxsock
/fa://la:d?//ma:k//l?:d//t?://st?:m//p?t//kr?p/farlargemarkLordtorchstormpotcrop/θ?t//pr?mis/
thoughtpromise
/huk//lu:s//sut//tuk//mud//θru://pul//wud/
hookloosesoottookmoodthroughpullwood
3./?//?//?/
/b?z//d?l//′h?ri//g?lf//′tr?bl//?:n//s?:f/
bussdullhurrygulftroubleearnsurf
/′t?:n?//′beg?//t?k/
turnerbeggertuck
/k?:b//?:k//?′merik//′s?k?//′k?mp?//s?′vei/curbirkAmericasoccercampersurvey/p?′veid//p?′h?ps//b?:′lesk//′m?:d?/
pervadeperhapsburlesquemurder
3./ei//?u//ai//au//?i/
/keip//greit//mein//pr?p?uz//′m?u??n//st?un/kapegreatmainproposemotionstone/′?uv?//sait/
oversight
/raim//daut//′taipist//aust//m?ist//′?ist?/
rhymedoubttypistoustmoistoyster
4./i?//??//u?/
/vi?//?′f??//d??//sk??//bu?n//gu?d//′ru?r?l/veeraffairdarescarebourngourdrural/?′pi?//k?l?mbi?//m?ti?ri?l//misti?ri?s/
appearColombiamaterialmysterious
5./θ//e/
/m?nθ//θi:f//e?t//e?n//feiθ//t?′gee?//θ??k/monththiefthatthanfaithtogetherthank/e?m′selvz/
themselves
1．关于语音的几个概念
1)字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a,e,i(y),o,u,
2)音标：词的语音形式。
3)音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。
4)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap''ple,stu''dent,tea''cher,un''der''stand
5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。
6)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。
7)开音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音+enamebike ;b)辅音+元音he,go,hi
8)闭音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音bad,bed,sit,hot,cup;b)元音+辅音it
9)重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。
2.元音：(注意：下面空方括号是电脑无法输入的音标)
1)[i:]sea,he,see,piece,ceiling
2)[i]sit,build,miss,myth?
3)[e]bed,desk,head,?
4)[?]bad,land,bank,stamp?
5)[a:]car,fast,class,plant,calm,aunt?
6)[?]hot,want?
7)[?:]door,more,sport,ball,warm,author,court,bought,caught?
8)[u:]good,who,blue,soup,?
9)[u]look,put,women,could?
10)[Λ]cup,come,blood,rough?
11)[?:]girl,work,serve,nurse?
12)[?]cadre,ago,forget,polite,dollar,doctor,famous,Saturday?
13)[ei]cake,they,play,eight,great,?
14)[ai]bike,die,neither,light,try,find,height,eye?
15)[?u]phone,cold,boat,soul,grow?
16)[au]house,town?
17)[?i]boy,oil?
18)[i?]dear,idea,deer,here,fierce,?
19)[ε?]pear,care,there,fair?
20)[u?]tour,poor,
3.容易混淆的元音
1)[e][?]bedbad;men,man;pen,pan;lendland?
2)[i:][ei]realrail;greet,great;mean,main;readraid?
3)[e][ai]betbite;redwrite;saidside,head,hide?
4)[au][?:]househorse;loudlord;southsauce;nownor;countcorn;cloudclause?
5)[au][Λ]foundfond;gowngone;downdon
4.辅音
1)[p]pen,?
2)[b]bed,comb?
3)[t]tell,?
4)[d],day,played,wanted?
5)[k]cold,sky,quick,school,back,accept,box?
6)[g]big,go,guess,language?
7)[m]man?
8)[n]nine,knife,autumn?
9)[η]bank,uncle,English,sing,?
10)[l]land,world?
11)[r]read,write,?
12)[f]five,cough,laugh?
13)[v]voice,of?
14)[θ]think,?
15)[e]this,bathe?
16)[s]sit,miss,science,case,scarf?
17)[z]zoo,close,?
18)[∫]sure,she,social,nation?
19)[/]pleasure,?
20)[h]hot,who,hour?
21)[w]wall,what,answer?
22)[j]yes?
23)[t∫]child,teach,catch?
24)[d/]joke,bridge,?
25)[ts]boats?
26)[dz]goods?
27)[tr]tree?
28)[dr]dream
5.容易混淆的辅音
1)[v][w]vetwet;vestwest;vinewine;verywell?
2)[s][θ]sinkthink;sortthought;missmyth;massmath?
3)[z][e]closingclothing;breezebreathe;baysbathes?
4)[n][η]thinthing;sinsing;banbangwinwing;ranrang?
6.读音规则
1)重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)
2)非重读音节 [?]banana,student,today,after,
[i]orange,secret,evening,very,Monday
7.特殊读音
1)音的连读：notatall,halfanhour,Iloveyouandall.afterall
2)失去爆破：goodgirl,goodstudent,goodjob,expression,school,extreme
3)音的同化：thisyear,Wouldyoudoit?Can''tyouseeit?
8.重音
1)单词重音
A)双音节词
a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter,sorry
b)有a-,be-,de-,re-,res-,in-,im-,en-,em-,es-,ex-,con-,com-,dis-,mis-,pre-,per-,pro-,trans-等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。
a''bout,be''lieve,ad''dress,de''cide,re''port,con''demn,res''pect,com''pare,in''form,dis''cuss,?
im''press,mis''take,en''force,pre''pare,em''ploy,per''mit,es''cape,pro''duce,ex''claim,trans''late?
c)有de-,in-,re-,con-,pre-等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关,一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。
''record,re''cord;''insult,in''sult;''conduct,con''duct;''presentpre''sent;''content,con''tent?
d)有些复合词和带有前缀re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-,等的词，有两个重音。
''out''side,''re''tell,''well-''known,''un''real,''fif''teen,''Chi''nese,''pre-''war,''post-''war?
B)多音节词
a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。''difficult,''communist,''family,e''conomy,oppor''tunity,de''mocracy.?
b)有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。
''carefully,in''definite,''comfortable,con''ductor,ac''cording,dis''turbance,''complicated,es''tablishment,?
c)词尾有-eous,-grahpy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-ience,ient,-ify,-ion,-ious,-ity,ive后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。
cour''teous,cal''ligraphy,edi''torial,his''torian,peri''odic,mathe''matics,ex''perience,suf''ficient,i''dentify,trans''lation,re''ligious,curi''osity,pro''tective?
d)词尾有-ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。enter''tain,emplo''yee,mountai''neer,Japa''nese,ciga''rette?
2)句子重音
A)英语的节奏：（轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻）或重-轻-（轻）（轻）重
B)英语句子的长短：是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的，而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。
C)实词重读（副词重读），虚词轻读(冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be.
D)实词不重读的特殊情况
a)?实词第二次出现
Hethinksofthatasachildthinks.?
b)?一个名词被第二个名词修饰
Imetherintherailwaystation.?
c)?代替词
Whichbookdoyouwant?Thesmallone.?
d)?感叹词中的what和how
Whatagooddayitis!Howbeautifulsheis!?
e)?street在专有名词中
WangfujingStreet.
f)?this在这些短语中，thismorning/afternoon/evening
E)虚词重读的特殊情况
a)情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时。
Doyoulikeit?Yes,Ido.Areyouadoctor?Yes,Iam.Canyouhelpme?Yes,Ican.?
Idon''tlikeyou.Heisn''taworker.?
b)情态动词表示可能，惊奇和肯定时。
Theymaycomethisevening.Canitbefivealready?Hemustbeintheroom.?
c)介词在句首和句尾。
Inthebox,hefoundaletter.HeisthepersonItalkedwith.?
d)引导复合句的连词在句首。
Ifyouwish,I''llvisityou.Whenhecomes,I''lltellhim.?
e)反身代词表示强调。
Hecouldn''tcomehimself.??
英语发音连读的规则
连读的条件：相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关，同属一个意群。连读所构成的音节一般都不重读，只需顺其自然地一带而过，不可读得太重，也不可音。(连读符号：~)
(1)“辅音+元音”型连读
在同一个意群里，如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。
I’m~an~Englishboy.
It~is~an~oldbook.
Letmehave~alook~at~it.
MsBlackworkedin~an~officelast~yesterday.
Icalled~youhalf~an~hour~ago.
Put~it~on,please.
Not~at~all.
Pleasepick~it~up.
(2)“r/re+元音”型连读
如果前一个词是以-r或者-re结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这时的r或re不但要发/r/，而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。
They’remyfather~andmother.
Ilookedfor~ithere~andthere.
There~isafootballunder~it.
There~aresomebooksonthedesk.
Here~isaletterforyou.
Here~arefour~eggs.
Butwhere~ismycup?
Where~areyourbrother~andsister?
但是，如果一个音节的前后都有字母r，即使后面的词以元音开头，也不能连读。
Theblackcloudsarecomingnearerandnearer.（nearer与and不可连读）
(3)“辅音+半元音”型连读
英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音，如果前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以半元音，特别是/j/开头，此时也要连读。
Thank~you.
Nicetomeet~you.
Did~yougettherelate~again?
Would~youlike~acup~oftea？
Could~youhelpme,please?
“音的同化”
—常把/d/+/j/读成/dV/，didyou听上成了/dIdVu/，wouldyou成了/wudVu/，couldyou成了/kudVu/。
(4)“元音+元音”型连读如果前一个词以元音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。
I~amChinese.
He~isveryfriendlytome.
Shewantstostudy~English.
How~andwhydidyoucomehere?
Shecan’tcarry~it.
It’lltakeyouthree~hourstowalkthere.
Thequestionistoo~easyforhimtoanswer.
(5)当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时，意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现，也不可连读。
Is~ita~hatoracat?（hat与or之间不可以连读）
There~is~agoodbookinmydesk.（book与in之间不可以连读）
Canyouspeak~EnglishorFrench?（English与or之间不可以连读）
Shallwemeetat~eightortentomorrowmorning?（meet与at，eight与or之间不可以连读）
Sheopenedthedoorandwalked~in.（door与and之间不可以连读）
失去爆破6个爆破音有3对/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/，/g/
失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情况下，只须做出发音的准备，但并不发音，稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。
(1)“爆破音+爆破音”型
6个爆破音中的任意2个相临时，前一个爆破音会失去爆破，即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势，稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。
Thegirlinthere(d)coatwasonabla(ck)bikejus(t)now.
Thebi(g)busfromthefa(c)toryisfullofpeople.
Wha(t)timedoeshegetupeverymorning?
Thisisanol(d)pi(c)tureofabi(g)car.
Theol(d)do(c)torhasaca(t),too.
We’regoingtoworkonafarmnex(t)Tuesday.
Whatwouldyoulike,ho(t)teaorbla(ck)coffee?
It’saverycol(d)day,butit’sagoo(d)day.
Youcanputi(t)downinthebi(g)garden.
Iboughtachea(p)book,butit’sagoo(d)book.
(2)“爆破音+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音，其后紧跟着某些摩擦音（如/f/，/s/，/W/，/T/等），那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破，而后面那个摩擦音则要完全爆破。
6个爆破音有3对/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/，/g/失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情况下，只须做出发音的准备，但并不发音，稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。
(1)“爆破音+爆破音”型6个爆破音中的任意2个相临时，前一个爆破音会失去爆破，即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势，稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。
Thegirlinthere(d)coatwasonabla(ck)bikejus(t)now.
Thebi(g)busfromthefa(c)toryisfullofpeople.
Wha(t)timedoeshegetupeverymorning?
Thisisanol(d)pi(c)tureofabi(g)car.
Theol(d)do(c)torhasaca(t),too.
We’regoingtoworkonafarmnex(t)Tuesday.
Whatwouldyoulike,ho(t)teaorbla(ck)coffee?
It’saverycol(d)day,butit’sagoo(d)day.
Youcanputi(t)downinthebi(g)garden.
Iboughtachea(p)book,butit’sagoo(d)book.
(2)“爆破音+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音，其后紧跟着某些摩擦音（如/f/，/s/，/W/，/T/等），那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破，而后面那个摩擦音则要完全爆破。
Goo(d)morning,Mr.Bell.
Goo(d)morning,dear.
UncleLi’sfa(c)toryisqui(te)neartothecinema.
Iwen(t)therealonea(t)ninelas(t)night.
-Doyouknowhisbi(ke)number?-Sorry,Idon’(t)know.
Theforty-firs(t)lessonisqui(te)difficult.
Goo(d)luck,LinTao
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