GRAMMAR
主谓一致
【归纳】主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上要保持一致。一般遵循以下原则：
1.语法一致原则：主语和谓语在人称和数上一致。主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。
2.意义一致原则：谓语的单复数取决于主语的意义。当主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数时，谓语根据意义用复数形式；当主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数时，谓语根据意义用单数形式。
3.就近一致原则：谓语动词的形式与邻近的主语在人称和数上一致。
一、名词作主语1.集体名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有army,audience,class,family,team,crowd,staff,enemy,government等。有些集体名词如people,police等，通常看作复数，谓语动词必须用复数。如：
Theteamisthebestintheleague.
Theteamarealllovelypeople.
Idon’tcarewhatpeoplethink.
2.单、复数同形的名词如species,deer,fish,sheep,means等作主语时，应根据其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如：
Severallargefishliveinthepond.
Alargefishwascaughtduringthecompetition.
3.表示单数概念的复形名词（如学科、机构、书名、剧名等）作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。如：
Mathsisoneofthemostimportantcoursesintheseniorschool.
TheTimesisBritain’soldestnationaldaily.
4.trousers,shoes,chopsticks,sunglasses等名词作主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但如果其前有apairof,akindof等时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：
Histrouserswereslightlytooshort.
Apairoftrousersisonthebed.5.当名词短语的中心词为表示距离、金额、时间等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。如：
Fourthousanddollarsismorethanshecanafford.6.“the+形容词或过去分词”结构作主语时，表示一类可数的人或事物，谓语动词用复数。这类词有rich,poor,blind,injured等。如：
Eventhepoorhavetheirpride.
Theinjuredweretakentoseveralnearbyhospitals.
7.如果主语由morethanone或manya构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词通常用单数形式；在“more+复数名词+thanone”结构之后，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：
Morethanonepersonhasbeenconcernedinthis.
Manyafamouspopstarhasbeenruinedbydrugs.
Moreboxesthanonehavebeenusedatthestation.
二、代词作主语1.由代词each,either,neither,another以及合成代词something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,someone,anyone,everyone作主语时，谓语动词均用单数。如：
Twoboysentered.Eachwascarryingasuitcase.
Everybodywasgladtoseeherback.2.all,most,none,some等作主语时，谓语动词的形式要根据它们所代替的内容来定。如：
Thoseboysaremystudents.Allworkhard.
Iwantedsomemorecoffeebuttherewasnoneleft.
三、由连接词连接的名词或代词作主语1.两个名词或代词由and连接作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。但当and不表示并列意义，而连接两个在意义上表示同一人、物、概念或由两个部件配成的物品时，谓语动词则用单数形式。如：
Boththesecretaryandthemanagerhaveagreedtobepresent.
Lawandordermeansdifferentthingstopeoplewithdifferentpoliticalopinions.
2.当主语后跟有说明主语的修饰语，如由with,aswellas,alongwith,ratherthan,togetherwith,including,inadditionto等引导的短语时，谓语动词与主语保持一致。如：
Themissingthings,aswellasthebag,havebeenfoundandreturnedtotheowner.3.由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与邻近的主语相一致。如：
Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisgoingtotheexhibition.
四、含数词的短语作主语
“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于of后名词的数。如：
Onlyonethirdoftheworkwasdoneyesterday.
Threefourthsofthestudentscometoschoolontime.
五、从句作主语
名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但如果是两个或两个以上的从句由and连接表示两个概念时，谓语动词用复数。另外，what从句作主语时，谓语动词的数由其表示的意义来决定。如：
Whetherwegocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
Whatcausedthesnowslideandhowmanytouristswereinjuredarestillunknown.
Whatyouwantisabigbag.
Whatheleftarebutafewoldbooks.
【即学即练】I.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.①Ithink$5,000________(be)toomuchforausedcar.
②1,000meters________(make)akilometer.
2.①Thenumberofstudentsinourschool________(be)increasingyearbyyear.
②Alargenumberofbooks________(be)borrowedfromthelibraryeveryday.
3.①MyfriendandclassmatePaul________(like)playingcomputergames.
②Awriterandasinger________(have)alreadyarrived.
4.①Onthewall________(be)twopictures,whichattractmanypeople.
②Amongthestudents________(stand)theirteacher,whoisinherthirties.
5.①?Threefourthsofthepeach________(have)gonebad.
②Threefourthsofthepeaches________(have)gonebad.
6.①Bettyisoneofuswho________(want)tojointheEnglishClub.
②Bettyistheonlyoneofuswho________(want)tojointheEnglishClub.
7.①Everything,includingtheclothes,________(be)stolenthatevening.
②Allbutone________(have)passedtheexam.
II.选用括号内合适的选项补全下面短文。
HiCathy,
GreetingsfromNepal!I’msendingthisfromaninternetcaféinasmalltownnorthofKathmandu.
Thetownitselfisn’tveryinteresting,buteverythingaroundit1.________(is/are)beautiful—IcanseetheHimalayasthroughthecaféwindow!
Thecoursesherearegreat,althoughmaths2.________(is/are)certainlynotmystrongpoint.
AlotofNepal’spopulationlivesinthemountainouspartsofthecountrysouthoftheHimalayas,andmostofthesepeople3.________(depend/depends)ongrowingcropsandkeepinganimals.ThestandardoflivinginKathmanduandtheothercities4.________(have/has)risenalotrecently,andthenumberofpeoplelikelytomoveintothecities5.________(is/are)expectedtoincrease.It’sarealproblemhere.TheHimalayaTimes,thelocalEnglish-languagenewspaper,6.________(has/have)justpublishedasurveyshowingthatmostyoungpeoplewouldstayintheirhomevillagesifjobswereavailable.
Hopeall7.________(is/are)wellwithyou.I’llsendmorenewswhenIcan.
Nazim
参考答案
I.1.?①?is②?makes??2.?①?is????②?are??3.?①?likes???②?have??
4.?①?are????②?stands???5.?①?has??②?have6.?①?want??②?wants??
7.?①?was???②?have
II.1.is2.is3.depend4.has5.is6.has7.is
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