DO和DOES的缩略词
InthisAmericanEnglishpronunciationvideo,we''regoingtostudyusingDOandDOESashelpingverbs,andtheirpronunciation.
Doyouknowwhatahelpingverbis?It''saverbthathelpsthemainverbofthesentence–soit''snotthemainverb.It''sanauxiliaryverb.Let''slookattwoexamples:
Idoitallthetime.
Whatdoyouthink?
Inonesentence,''do''isthemainverb;it''stheonlyverb.Intheothersentence,it''sthehelpingverb,theauxiliaryverb.Whichiswhich?''Think''isaverb,it''sthemainverbofthatsentence.So''do''isthehelpingverbinthesecondsentence,andthemainverbinthefirstsentence.
Whatdoyounoticeaboutthepronunciation?
Inthefirstsentence,Ipronounceitfully,do,withtheOOasinBOOvowel.Inthesecondsentence,it''snotasclear.Whatdoyouthink?Ireducethevoweltotheschwa,duh,duh.IsayitasfastasIcan.YoumightnoticeI''mdroppingtheTin''what''andreducingthevowelin''you''totheschwaaswell:whatdoyou,whatdoyou.Whatdoyouthink?Thatmakesthewordsinthatphraseflowtogether,justlikewewantinAmericanEnglish.
Contentwordsarewordswewanttostress,wordswewanttofullypronounce.Verbsarecontentwords,buthelpingverbsarenot.Thesearefunctionwords,whichareunstressedandsometimesreduced.Duh,duh.
Thissameideaworkswiththeword''does''.Fullypronounced,''does'',withtheUHasinBUTTERvowel.Butwhenit''sahelpingverb,it''spronounced''diz'',does,does.Different,right?It''slessclear,very,veryquick,andwereducethevoweltotheschwa.Thejawdoesn''treallyneedtodrop–''does''.
Shedoesaccountingforthefirm.
Whatdoesheneed?
Shedoesaccounting,does,does.It''stheonlyverb,fullypronounced.Shedoes,shedoes.
Whatdoesheneed?does,does,does.Unstressed,www.edu800.cnveryfast.Need''isthemainverbhere.Does,does.Whatdoeshe,whatdoeshe.NoticeI''malsodroppingtheHin''he'',asweoftendo.Whatdoesheneed?
Let''slistentoafewmoresentenceswith''does''and''do'':
Whydoesitdothat?
Whichonesoundsfullypronounced,''does''or''do''?Whydoesitdothat?Whydoes,does,does.That''snotfullypronounced.Dothat,dothat.''Do''isfullypronounced.Doisthemainverb,and''does''isthehelpingverb,does.
Howdoyoufeel?
Is''do''fullypronounced?Howdoyoufeel?No.It''sreduced.''Feel''isthemainverb,and''do''isthehelpingverb.
Didyounoticethateverytime''do''and''does''werehelpingverbs,theyweremakingquestions?Andeverytimetheyweremainverbs,theyweremakingstatements.Actually,theycanbeinastatementasanauxiliaryverbtoo,butinthosecasestheyarebeingaddedforemphasis,andsotheywillbestressed.
Forexample:
Idolikethem.''Like''isthemainverb,butweadd''do''toaddemphasis.
Youdon''tlikethem,doyou?
Ido!Idolikethem.
Itdoeswork.''Work''isthemainverb,butweadd''does''foremphasis.
Thisthingdoesn''twork.
Itdoeswork,you''redoingitwrong.
So,if''do''or''does''areinaquestion,trytoreducethem.Linkthemtothewordsaroundthem,andmakethemreallyfast.
Ihopethisvideohashelpedyouunderstandwhenandhowyoucanuse''do''and''does''ashelpingverbs.
Ifthere''sawordorphraseyou''dlikehelppronouncing,pleaseputitinthecommentsbelow.Don''tforgettosignupformymailinglistbyclickinghereorinthedescriptionbelowtokeepupwithallofmylatestvideos–it''sfree.
That''sit,andthankssomuchforusingRachel''sEnglish.
你误解了love和hate的含义
关键词:
Love:爱
Hate:恨
Theuseof"love"and"hate"inEnglishiscompletelydifferentfromChinese:爱、恨在英语里的用法和中文非常不同
It''snowherenearthesame:大相径庭、完全不同
比如:如果你听到"Iloveyou",你的第一反应是?
"Sosweet!"
"Iloveyoutoo!"
但是,美国人的反应是:
Love是一颗炸弹!
大家记得最近节目放过一首歌"Somethingstupid"吗?
歌词有一句:
ThenIgoandspoilitallbysayingsomethingstupidlike"Iloveyou"
Whyissaying"Iloveyou"stupid?说“我爱你”怎么会很傻呢?
Isn''titsweet?不是很甜蜜吗?
Wecallit"droptheLbomb":英语有个说法,叫扔L炸弹
Toomuchtoosoon:压力太大、来得太快
Americanstendtobeverycarefulwhenitcomestosaying"Iloveyou":美国人对说“我爱你”特别谨慎
但是,日常生活中,美国人却常把love挂在嘴边
比如吃汉堡:
McDonald''sslogan"I''mlovin''it":麦当劳的广告语“我就喜欢”
口语里,“love”还能怎么用?
Ilovedthatmovie.Itwasthebest!我太喜欢那部电影了,真好看!
Didyouseetheshow?你看那个节目了吗?
Yes,Itotallyloveit!看了,太喜欢了!
Howisthefood?菜好吃吗?
Iloveit!Justloveit!好吃!我太喜欢了!
上面这些日常情况,中文基本都会用“喜欢”表达情绪;可是英语却要用“love".
如果用“Ilikeit",反而容易造成误解!
Why?为什么?
"Ilikeit"or"Ilikeitverymuch"doesn''tsoundverysincereorenthusiastic:我喜欢、我非常喜欢在英语里听起来反而有点不真诚、没什么热情
总之:
表达你非常喜欢一个事物,大家记得用love!
家人之间的love
"Love"isalsousedalotbetweenfamilymembers,parentsandkids:love在亲人、父母、孩子之间也很常用
Idon''tthinkI''veeversaid"我爱你"tomyparents:我好像从来没对我父母说过“我爱你”
Itfeelssoawkward.Idon''tknowhowtosayit:感觉很尴尬,不知怎么开口
Myparentsdon''treallysayittomeeither:我爸爸妈妈好像也不会跟我说
ButIsay"mommylovesyou"tomysonsallthetime:但是,我倒常用英语跟孩子说“mommylovesyou"
Idon''treallysayitinChinesethough,feelsreallyawkward:但是我不太用中文跟他们说“妈妈爱你”,也觉得很尴尬
Maybewhenit''snotyourmothertongue,it''seasiertosay:有可能不是自己的母语,反而更容易说
不过有些美国人也觉得对家人说"Iloveyou"有点儿别扭
WASPsdon''tsayitasmuch:英国血统的美国人好像没那么常说“Iloveyou"
WASP(WhiteAngloSaxonProtestant):新教徒的盎格鲁撒克逊裔美国人
Theyaremorereserved:他们比较含蓄
Sonsdon''tsay"Iloveyou"asmuchasdaughters:还有儿子,也不像女儿那么愿意对父母说"Iloveyou"
Girls,evengrown-upgirlssayitallthetimetotheirparents:女儿,就算是成年了,也常跟父母说“Iloveyou"
你误解了love和hate的含义
说完love,说hate
中文“恨”是个特别强烈的字,日常很少用。
但是英语的hate口语却很常用。
基本,刚才所有用love的例子,也可以很自然地用hate。
比如:
Ihatedthatmovie.Itwassobad.那部电影太难看了,我一点儿都不喜欢。
Ithasbeenrainingnon-stop.Ihatethisweather!天天下雨,天气太讨厌了!
Trafficissobad.Ihateit!路真堵,烦死了!
所以,hate在口语里,更多是“讨厌”的意思,而不是恨。
Tohateaperson?
用在人身上呢?
Becarefulwithusing"hate"onpeople:用在人身上,要特别谨慎
Youcanuseitjokinglywithyourfriends:也许跟很好的朋友,可以用调侃的语气
比如:
A:MyhusbandistakingmeonatriptoItaly!我老公要带我去意大利玩儿
B:Oh,Ihateyou!哦,我恨你!羡慕、嫉妒、恨
Butingeneral,hateisaverystrongwordifyouuseitonpeople:不过总的来说,hate用在人身上,语气是很强的
之前说到hate在口语里有“讨厌”的意思,那“真讨厌!”英语怎么说?
Ihateitwhenyou...:英语通常会说那个具体的行为
Butit''sstillprettydirectandstrong:不过语气还是挺直接、强烈的
WhenaChinesegirlsays"你真讨厌",it''smostlybeingcoquettish:中国女生说“你真讨厌”,经常是在撒娇
Cutesy:嗲、撒娇
Alovehaterelationship|爱恨交织
Alovehaterelationshipwithsomeoneorsomething:又爱又恨、爱恨交加的关系
怎么用?
Ihavealovehaterelationshipwithmyphone:我对手机真是又爱又恨
Alovehaterelationshipwithyourwork/yourboss:对于自己的工作、对于自己的老板,大概也有些爱恨交织的情绪
ManyforeignershavealovehaterelationshipwithChina:很多外国人,对中国也是爱恨交织
*大家注意不是Aloveandhaterelationship;
而是Alovehaterelationship*
Lovehate的另一个高段位用法
Lovetohate:又爱又恨、欲罢不能
Especiallytruewithcelebrities:大众看明星,经常都有这种情绪
KimKardashianissomeonemanyAmericanslovetohate:比如卡戴珊,美国人就是lovetohate
Theyhateherforbeingsohigh-profile,buttheylovetoreadnewsabouther:很多人讨厌她高调、作秀,但同时又特别爱看她的八卦新闻
Theycan''tgetenoughofher:欲罢不能
IsthereaChinesecelebritywhopeoplelovetohate?中国有这样的明星吗?
马南的过去和现在
Chapter1SilasMarner,pastandpresent
第1章马南的过去和现在
Intheearlyyearsofthenineteenthcentury,Strange-lookinglittlemenwereoftenseenonthecountryroads,usuallywithaheavybagontheirshoulders.
在19世纪初的英国,人们经常在乡村小路上看到一些小个子男人,扛着沉沉的大袋子,样子很古怪。
Theywerelinen-weavers,takingthelinentheyhadwoventothewomeninthevillages.
他们是织布匠,在把织好的亚麻布送给乡下妇女。
Unlikethestrong,healthycountrypeople,theyweresmallandthin,withtiredwhitefaces,bentbacksandroundshoulders.
和健壮的乡下人不同,织工们身材瘦小而且脸色苍白,神情疲惫,曲背弯腰。
Theywereoftenshortsightedtoo,becausetheyhadtolooksocloselyattheirwork.
由于用眼过度,他们中许多人眼睛都有些近视。
Tothevillagerstheweaverslookedalmostforeign,andquitefrightening.
在乡下人眼里,这些织布匠几乎算得上怪异,而且很吓人。
Wheredidtheycomefrom?
乡下人疑惑不解:这些人是从哪里来的?
Wasitthedevilwhosentthem?
是魔鬼派他们来的吗?
Whoweretheirparents?
他们的父母是谁呢?
Howcouldyoutrustamanifyoudidn''tknowhisfatherormother?
一个你不了解他父母的人,你怎么能信任呢?
Countrypeopleusedtobeverysuspiciousofallstrangersandtravellers.
乡下人常常怀疑所有的陌生人和旅客。
康奈利福吉
Ineedtoaddressthestudentsinanycase."AllstudentswillreturntotheirHousecommonroomsbysixo''clockintheevening.Nostudentistoleavethedormitoriesafterthattime.Youwillbeescortedtoeachlessonbyateacher.Nostudentistousethebathroomunaccompaniedbyateacher.AllfurtherQuidditchtrainingandmatchesaretobepostponed.Therewillbenomoreeveningactivities."
“不管怎样,反正我要去对学生们讲话。”“所有学生晚上六点钟以前必须回到自己学院的公共休息室。任何学生不得在这个时间之后离开宿舍楼。每次上课都由一位老师护送。在没有老师陪伴的情况下,任何学生不得使用盥洗室。所有魁地奇训练和比赛都被延期。晚上不再开展任何活动。”
TheGryffindorspackedinsidethecommonroomlistenedtoProfessorMcGonagallinsilence.Sherolleduptheparchmentfromwhichshehadbeenreadingandsaidinasomewhatchokedvoice,"IneedhardlyaddthatIhaverarelybeensowww.zycaihui.comdistressed.Itislikelythattheschoolwillbeclosedunlesstheculpritbehindtheseattacksiscaught.Iwouldurgeanyonewhothinkstheymightknowanythingaboutthemtocomeforward."
格兰芬多学生挤在公共休息室里,默默地听麦格教授讲话。她卷起她刚才念过的羊皮纸文件,然后用一种有些窒息的声音说:“实际上不用我说,我以前很少这样痛苦。学校很可能要关闭了,除非策划这些攻击行为的罪犯被抓住。我敦促每一个认为自己知道一些情况的人主动站出来。”
哈利波特与密室剧照
Sheclimbedsomewhatawkwardlyoutoftheportraithole,andtheGryffindorsbegantalkingimmediately.
她有些笨拙地爬过肖像洞口,格兰芬多学生立刻就唧唧喳喳地议论开了。
That''stwoGryffindorsdown,notcountingaGryffindorghost,oneRavenclaw,andoneHufflepuff,saidtheWeasleytwins''friendLeeJordan,countingonhisfingers."Haven''tanyoftheteachersnoticedthattheSlytherinsareallsafe?Isn''titobviousallthisstuff''scomingfromSlytherin?TheHeirofSlytherin,themonsterofSlytherin—whydon''ttheyjustchuckalltheSlytherinsout?"heroared,tonodsandscatteredapplause.
“已经有两个格兰芬多倒下了,还不算一个格兰芬多的鬼,还有一个拉文克劳和一个赫奇帕奇。”韦斯莱孪生兄弟的朋友李·乔丹扳着指头数道,“有没有哪位老师注意到,斯莱特林们全都安然无恙?这不是显然这些玩艺儿都是从斯莱特林出来的吗?斯莱特林的继承人,斯莱特林的怪物——他们为什么不干脆把所有的斯莱特林都赶出去呢?”他大声嚷道,听众们频频点头,并响起稀稀拉拉的掌声。
离戴维远点
AugustW.Booth.
奥古斯特·W·布兹
Really?Withthemiddleinitial?
是嘛中间名还搞缩写
W''sforWayne.
W是韦恩的缩写
Sotheregoesyourreasonfornotmeetingmehereafterwork.
这下你没借口下班后不在这里和我见面了吧
Whowasthat?
他是谁
Idon''tknowyet.
我还不清楚
"Yet"?Soyou''regoingtofindout?
"还"那你是打算去查了
It''snothing.
没什么事
Nothingwithyoumeanssomething,becauseifitwerenothing,wewouldn''tbetalkingaboutit.
你说没事就是有事要是真没事的话我们就不会讨论它了
I''msorry.Ithoughtyoucalledmeheretotalkaboutyou.
抱歉我以为你约我来这是要说你自己的事
Yeah,buttalkingaboutyouiseasierrightnow.
是的但现在说你的事比较轻松
Whatisit?What''sgoingon?
怎么了发生了什么
RememberwhenyoutoldmetostayawayfromDavidandIagreed?
还记得你劝我离戴维远点而我也同意了吗
Yes.
是的
Ididn''t.
我没这么做
Yeah,Iknow.
我知道
Youdo?How?
你知道是怎么知道的
BecauseI''msheriff,andyouarealovesickschoolteacher.
因为我是警长而你是个陷入苦恋的教师
Coveringyourtracksisnotexactlyyourstrongsuit.
隐藏行迹并不是你的强项
Well,I''vebeendiscreet...discreet.
我已经很...很谨慎了
Twoteacupsinthesink,newperfume,latenights,plungingnecklinesItwasnothardtoconnectthedots.
水槽里的一对茶杯新香水晚归家穿低领把这些线索串联起来没什么难的
Plunging?
低领
WhenImetyou,youwereatopbuttonkindofgirl.
初遇你时你可是个高领女孩
Whydidn''tyousayanything?
那为何你什么都没说
I''mnotyourmother.
我可不是你妈
No.AccordingtoHenry,I''myours.
是啊在亨利看来我可是你妈
Ijustfiguredthatyouwouldletmeknowwhenitwastime.
我只是觉得时候到了你自会告诉我
I''massumingit''stime.
我想是时候了
死人
Chapter1Themanwhodied
第1章死人
Ireturnedtomyflatataboutthreeo''clockonthatMayafternoonveryunhappywithlife.
五月的那个下午三点来钟我回到寓所,过得很不开心。
IhasbeenbackinBritainforthreemonthsandIwasalreadybored.
回到英国三个月,我已经厌烦了。
Theweatherwasbad,thepeopleweredull,andtheamusementsofLondonseemedasexcitingasaglassofcoldwater.
伦敦的气候糟糕,人也没劲,各种娱乐好像没味的白水一杯。
RichardHannay,Itoldmyself,youhavemadeamistake,andyouhadbetterdosomethingaboutit.
我暗暗对自己说:“理查德·哈内,这回你错了,最好想办法改过吧。”
ItmademeangrywhenIthoughtoftheyearsIhadspentinAfrica.
想到在非洲的岁月我就有气。
Ihadspentthoseyearsworkingveryhardandmakingmoney.
我呆了那么多年,拼命干活挣钱。
Notalotofmoney,butenoughforme.
现在钱虽然不多,但足够我用的。
IhadleftScotlandwhenIwassixyearsold,andIhadneverbeenhomesince.
自从六岁我离开苏格兰就再也没回过家。
ForyearsIhaddreamtofcominghometoBritainandspendingtherestofmylifethere,
那么多年我一直梦想回英国老家来度我的余生,
butIwasdisappointedwiththeplaceafterthefirstweek.
然而才回来一周,就对这个地方大失所望。
AndsohereIwas,thirty-sevenyearsold,healthy,
眼前的情况是,本人三十七岁,身体健康,
withenoughmoneytohaveagoodtime,andboredtodeath.
有足够的钱享受,但无聊得要死。
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