中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊
第七十七本，第四分
出版日期：民國九十五年十二月
-591-
天學與歷史意識的變遷──
王宏翰的《古今醫史》
祝平一
本文考察王宏翰的《古今醫史》如何利用天學，重新檢視中國醫史。作為天學的
信仰者，王氏認為基督宗教、儒學與醫學在上古時合而為一，只是時衰世變，中國人
失去了信仰，儒學與醫學也因異端篡入而式微。王氏利用天學批評中國醫史中種種和
道教、佛教相關的資料，並以天學駁斥醫史中和咒術、數術、鬼疾、外科等相關的記
載，從而定位醫療實踐係以醫典為基礎、脈診和用藥為手段的「儒醫」術。藉著分析
《古今醫史》，本文旨在理解處於文化交會過程中的歷史行動者如何挪用不同的文化資
源，融合不同的文化因子，創造自我的敘事，肯定自己生涯的意義，並在敘事中宏揚
自己的信仰。外來宗教成為信仰者重新融鑄自我的契機，新的自我則成為具現信仰的
載體。
關鍵詞：王宏翰古今醫史儒醫宗教與醫療天主教
中央研究院歷史語言研究所
祝平一
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ChristianityandtheRewritingofChina’sMedicalPast:
WangHonghan’sMedicalHistory:PastandPresent
Ping-yiChu
InstituteofHistoryandPhilology,AcademiaSinica
ThisarticleanalyzesWangHonghan’sMedicalHistory:PastandPresenttoinvestigate
howheappliedWesternnaturalphilosophyandChristianitytopresentanewinterpretation
ofChinesemedicalhistoryfromtheancientperioduntiltheseventeenthcentury.By
analyzingWangHonghan’sMedicalHistory:PastandPresent,theauthorattemptsto
understandhowhistoricalactorssituatedatculturalcrossroadsutilizedandblendeddiverse
culturalfactorstocreatetheirpersonalhistoricalnarration,affirmthemeaningoftheir
careersasConfucianphysicians,andformulateanddisseminatetheirreligiousbeliefs.As
anadherentofWesternnaturalphilosophyandabelieverofChristianity,WangHonghan
maintainedthatChristianity,Confucianism,andmedicinehadbeenaunifiedsystemof
thoughtandpracticeinancientChina.However,aftertheQinDynasty,theChinese
eventuallylosttheirChristianfaith.Asaresult,heterodoxbeliefsandpracticesreplacedthe
interconnectionbetweenauthenticChristianity,Confucianism,andmedicine.After
formulatingatheoryofsymbiosisbetweenConfucianism,Christianity,andmedicine,
WangappliedWesternnaturalphilosophyandChristianitytorefutetheeffectiveness
whichprevioushistoriesofChinesemedicaltextshadattributedtohealingmethods
drawingonBuddhist,Taoist,andshamanicpracticessuchasdivination,exorcism,and
incantation.Healsodisclaimedtheefficacyofsurgery.
WangHonghan’sreinterpretationofChinesemedicalhistoryultimatelyresultedinthe
establishmentofthepracticeofconsultingcertainmedicalclassicsasthefoundationforthe
practiceofmedicine.ByusingtheteachingsofChristianityandWesternnatural
philosophy,Wangwasabletorefutethelegitimacyofotherreligiousmedicalpracticesand
redefinemedicineastheexclusiveenterpriseofConfucianphysicians.Theembracementof
WesternknowledgeandChristianitygaveWangHonghantheexceptionalopportunityto
recasthisidentity,andthisnewidentity,inturn,fortifiedhisreligiouscommitment.
Keywords:WangHonghan,historyofmedicine,Confucianphysician,Christianity,
naturalphilosophy
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