完形填空解题技巧一、完形填空的特点是什么？完形填空是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力
的典型题，难易程度与初中教材相当，词数在180-250左右。文中平均每隔25个词左右设空。学生通过推理判断，综合分析等将答案填
入空白处，使短文前后连贯、意思通顺、结构完整合理。二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些？（一）从文章结构看首句通常不设空，以便考生
对短文前提和背景有个较清楚的了解，从而使考生尽快熟悉语境、推测文章大意。2.短文设空平均密度为25个单词一个空。中考完形
填空抛弃了传统的“语法知识型”命题模式，转变成“情境能力型”的命题趋势。它的一个显著特点就是突出语篇，即重在文意的干扰，把具
体的语言知识融进具体的语言情境中去，考查学生通过上下文对整体文意进行把握的能力。二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些？（二）从语言层
次看考点设计对把握语段的要求在提高。我们可以把考点分为三个层次，即句子层次、句群层次和语篇层次句子层次的设空例：(200
7年中考英语试卷完形填空四选一保留原题号)I90youwereverybusythenhelpingyo
urfriendgetreadyforherwedding—Iamsureitwasasuccess
.A.remember B.explain C.hopeD.expect答案：A指那些只需读懂设空所在句便可
选出答案的题目。二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些？2.句群层次的设空 前制性设空后制性设空指根据上下文的内容，经过推理判断
可以得到答案的题目即根据上文有关内容即可确定答案的题目。指那些需要根据下文
内容才能选出正确答案的题目/下文某处有提示。二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些？
前制性设空例：ItwasanEnglishspeechcontest.Mymother
askedmetotakepartinit.Whataterribleidea!ItmeantIh
adto____infrontofalltheteachersandstudentsofmyschoo
l!A.write??B.speak??C.sing????D.dance
后制性设空例：1).Nobody____himinthevillage.Onedayhesaid
tothem,“Iknowyoudon’tlikeme…”A.believed??
B.liked????C.hated????D.knew2).Countrymusiccomesfrom_
___kindsofmusic.Oneisthetraditionalmusicoftallmountai
npeopleintheeasternUnitedStates.Theotheristraditional
cowboymusicfromtheAmericanWest.A.many??????B.
all??????C.two????D.threeBBC二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些？3.语篇性设空
Iworkasavolunteerforanorganizationthathelpsthepoor
inHaiti.RecentlyItookmysonBarrettthereforaweek,hopi
ngto1?him…achievedallI’dexpected.Soonhewillcelebra
tehis18thbirthday.Hewillbeaman.(最后一句话)(??)1.
A.comfort??? B.please??????C.attract?????D.educat
eD指那些需要联系全文的情境、内容才能确定正确答案的设空。三、真题演练(2009上海中考试卷完形填空)
Sometimesyoumaynotunderstandyourparents.Oneminuteth
ey’refriendly,thenextminutethey’reshoutingandscreaminglo
udlyenoughforthewholestreettohear.Sowhomakesthemso85
?You,probably!Whenyoutakeyourclothesoff,remember
to86.Getintothehabitoftakingglassesandplatesdownt
othekitchen.Beforelongyou’llbedoingitwithoutthinking.
Eventhoughyoumaynotrealizeit,yourparentshaveboug
htyoumanyclothes.Butthey’renotbuyingthemselvesnewthing
severyweek,arethey?Thesimpletruthisthattherearemore
87thingstospendmoneyon,liketheelectricitybillandfo
od.Youmayhatemissingapartytovisitsomeboringold
relatives.Theymaygoonandonaboutwhatasweetbabyyouwer
e.Youhavenochoicebuttolisten.Evenifyou88,yourpare
ntswon’tchangetheirminds.Parentsliketoshowofftheirfam
ily.Thebestthingyoucandoistohelpentertainyourrelative
s.Yourparentswillbesopleasedwithyouafterwardsthatthey
’llprobablyallowyoutogotothenexttwo89.三、真题演练
Youmightnotwanttoeat,butthinkofitfromtheparents’po
intofview.Ifyoucooktwomealsaday,itmeans730mealsay
ear.Canyouimaginehowboringthiscanget?Imaginehowyourp
arentsfeelwhenyousayyou’renotreallyhungry.90,yourpa
rentsareprobablyworriedthatyouaren’teatingenough.Eat
fewersnacksandleaveroomforyourmeals.Finally,offerto91
afterthemeal.Youroffermaynotbeaccepted,butyourparen
tswillbepleased.(??)85.A.friendly???????B.lonely????
????C.changeable??D.comfortable(??)86.A.hang
themup?B.leavethemalone???
C.putthemon???D.throw
themaway(??)87.A.interesting???B.difficult??????????C
.important????????D.surprising(??)88.A.agree?????????
??B.complain????????C.listen???????????????D.win(??)
89.A.concerts????????B.meetings??????????C.classes??????????
???D.parties(??)90.A.Inaddition????B.Inreturn??????
????C.Atmost?????????????D.Atlast(??)91.A.dothecoo
king????B.laythetable?????
C.buysomesnacks??D.washthedishesC
ACBDAD三、真题演练解析：85.（前制性设空）文章第一段提出，父母的态度往往会令你感
到诧异，他们有时是那么友好，忽然间又会生气地大声嚷嚷，由此可以看出，他们的态度是那么地易变changeable。所以，本题答案
为C。86.（句子层次的设空）青少年应该培养良好的生活习惯。例如，在家脱衣后应该及时挂 上。B项leavethemalo
ne表示“让它们独自留下”；C项putthemup表示“把他们穿上”；D项throwthemaway表示“把它们扔掉
”，以上答案显然均不符合文章意思，而A项hangthemup正是“把衣服挂上”的意思，所以答案为A。87.（后制性设
空）家长会给孩子买许多衣服，但他们不会经常为自己购物，那是因为他们要考虑维持家庭生计，他们往往把钱花在更重要的事情上，所以答案
为C。88.（前制性设空）你有时会去拜访那些无聊又年长的亲戚，他们会一遍又一遍地唠叨你 小时候的乖巧可爱，而你只能洗耳恭听（
Theymaygoonandonaboutwhatasweetbaby youwere.Youhav
enochoicebuttolisten.）显然，你会对此而抱怨，但家长们仍不以为然（…yourparents
won’tchangetheirminds.），所以本题答案为B。三、真题演练解析：89.（前制
性设空）如果能帮助招待好你的亲戚，你的家长会感到十分满意，也会允许你出席以后的更多的这种聚会。选项A、B、C与聚会无关，应予
淘汰。所以，本题答案为D。90.（语篇性设空）每日吃饭时，应该想到家长的艰辛。当你说你并不饿时，家长不但会有内心的不快，另外
会担心你吃得过少而影响身体（Imaginehowyourparentsfeel whenyousayyou’re
notreallyhungry.…,yourparentsareprobablyworriedthaty
ou aren’teatingenough.）。根据文章内容，空格处应填入“除此之外”的意思，所以本题答 案为A。91.
（前制性设空）文章结尾告诫我们要少吃零食，要留出吃饭的空间（Eatfewersnacksandleaveroom
foryourmeals.）。饭后也要提出帮助父母做些事情，尽管有时不会得到他们的许可。从四个选项中，我们可以看到D项符合
饭后可做的事，A项dothecooking表示“煮饭”，B项laythetable表示“摆餐具、饭桌”均发生在饭
前，C项buysomesnacks与上文“少吃零食”的论述矛盾，所以答案为D。四、解题技巧点拨（一）________
_______________________________________。（二）_____________________
__________________________。（三）__________________________________
_____________。细读首句，跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意理解词义，瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破复读全文，逐个核对，
验证答案，坚定信心五、实践演练(1)(2008上海中考试卷完形填空)WhenIwasfifteen
Iwenttoasummercamp.Therewerelotsofgreat90butther
ewasonethingIwasreallyscared(害怕)about:climbingthewall.
Thewallisakindofrockthatpeopleusetolearnhowt
oclimb.Itisverytall.Wewereallsupposedtoclimbthewall
,butIknewIcouldn’tgettothetopbecauseIam91heights
.IwasashamedandIdidn’twantanyonetoknowthatIwasscar
ed.Ithoughttheywouldalllaughatme.Ipracticedmyexcuse:
“I’mnotscared,youknow,Isufferfromvertigo(患眩晕症).”
Thedaycame.Itwastimetoclimbthewall.Thesunwasshining
buteveryonewasveryquietthatmorning.Itookphotographsat
thebottomofthewallandtriedto92.Everyoneinthegroup
wentup.Thenthemomentcame.Itwasmyturn.Iwassoscared
thatallIcouldthinkaboutwasmyexcuse.Someonesaid,“Shall
Itakeyourcamera?”andIanswered,“I’mnotscared,youknow.
Isufferfromvertigo”.The93wasthatIwasmorethanscared
,Iwasterrified(吓坏了).Thecampleadersaid,“Don’tworry,you
don’thavetodoanythingyoudon’twanttodo.”Iwassurprise
d.Everyonewasunderstanding.Noone94.五、实践演练(1)
Thenextday,theleaderaskedmeifIwantedtotrythewall
onmyown,95theotherswatching.AlthoughIwasstillveryn
ervousIagreedandclimbedslowlytothetopwithhishelp.Iwa
sstillshakingwhenIcame96,butIwasreallyhappyandreli
evedtoo.Forme,climbingthewallwasarealachievement.
()90.A.activities B.opera
tions C.accidents D.exams()91.A.poorat B.goodat C
.afraidof D.fondof()92.A.go B.hide
C.appear D.run()93.A.truth B.situation C.story
D.reason()94.A.jumped B.cheered C.smiled D.laughed
()95.A.with B.without C.among D.behi
nd()96.A.in B.out C.up D.downACBADBD五、实践
演练(1)解析：90.阅读文章可知，作者15岁时去参加夏令营，参加了许多很棒的活动，但是有一件事令他很害怕，
那就是攀岩，所以答案为A。91.那墙是人们用来学习攀岩的，但作者知道他爬不到顶部因为他有恐高症（Wewereallsu
pposedtoclimbthewall,butIknewIcouldn’tgettothetopb
ecauseIam…heights），所以答案为C。92.尽管怕，活动的日子还是到了。作者在墙脚下拍了照片后试图躲藏起
来，所以答案为B。93.但是还是轮到作者攀岩了，他极其害怕，但他对同伴们说自己并不害怕，这是因为患有眩晕症的缘故，事实上他
内心简直是吓坏了（…andIanswered,“I’mnotscared,youknow.Isuffer
fromvertigo.”The…wasthatIwasmorethanscared,Iwasterr
ified.），所以答案为A。五、实践演练(1)解析：94.队长见到此景，告诉他不必勉强攀岩，这使作者十分
惊奇，周围的人是如此地通情达理，没有人强求他做什么，也没有人嘲笑他（Thecampleadersaid,“Don’tw
orry,youdon’thavetodoanythingyoudon’twanttodo.”Iw
assurprised.Everyonewasunderstanding.Noone…），所以答案为B。95.
第二天，队长问他是否想在没有人观看的情况下单独尝试一下（Thenextday,theleaderaskedmeif
Iwantedtotrythewallonmyown,…theotherswatching.），所以答
案为B。96.作者在队长的帮助下终于慢慢地爬到了墙顶，当他下来的时候仍然浑身发抖，但是成就感使他感到十分的高兴和宽慰（…I
agreedandclimbedslowedtothetopwithhishelp.Iwasstill
shakingwhenIcame…,butIwasreallyhappyandrelievedtoo.
Forme,climbingthewallwasarealachievement.），所以答案为D。五、实
践演练(2)(2010上海中考试卷完形填空)Everydaycarskillorhu
rtmanypeopleonroads.Sometimesthedriversdrivetoofastor
donot,drivecarefullyenough.Someofthem85thetrafficr
ulesandcauseaccidents.Accordingtosomeresearch
es,itisusuallythepedestrians(行人)whocausetheaccidents.A
lotofroadusersareverycareless.Theywalkorrunacrossth
eroads86thecars.Theywalkintheroadsbutnotonthewalk
ways.Theygetintooroutofcarsinthemiddleoftheroad. S
omedonottakethetroubleto87thegreenlightsandsimply
crosstheroadsagainsttheredlights.Manypeoplet
hinkaccidentsoftenhappeninbusyroadsinlargecities,butt
hisisnotalwaystrue.88,Tokyoisoneoftheworld’slarges
tcitiesandprobablyoneofthebusiestcities; however,there
are89accidentstopedestrians.Thereasonisthatthepolic
ethereareverystrictandthepedestriansareverycareful.Pe
destriansnevercrossagainstaredlightandthey 90follow
trafficrules.五、实践演练(2)Doyouknowalcohol（酒精）isan
othermaincauseoftrafficaccidents?Itdelayspeople’srespo
nse.Thosewhohavedrunkalcoholare91inmakingdecisions.
Theyneedafewmoresecondstoreact（反应）.Alcoholdrinkingise
speciallydangerousformotorcardrivers.Itisnotonlydrivers
whomayhaveaccidentsafterdrinking.Drunkenpedestriansmay
puttheirlivesin dangeraswell.85.A.make?????????B.
break???????????C.follow???????????D.remember86.A.a
ttheendof????B.inthecentreof???C.ontopof???????D.in
frontof87.A.turnon???????????B.worryabout???????C.wait
for???????D.pointout88.A.Inaddition??????B.Forexample
???????C.Bytheway?D.Ontheotherhand89.A.few????????
???????B.many???????????C.enough????????D.some9
0.A.even???????????B.never???????????C.almost??
???????D.always91.A.slow???????????B.active?????????
??C.interested????D.excited答案：85.B86.D87.C88.
B89.A90.D91.A五、实践演练分析句子结构，根据句意逻辑关系，选出正确答案。TheWTOcan
notliveuptoitsname____itdoesnotincludeacountrythat
ishometoonefifthofmankind.A.aslongas B.while C.
if D.eventhoughC根据文化背景和生活常识，利用上下文线索，分析并列句的因果关系，可以选出正确答案
。?2.LittleTomwonderedwhatwouldhappentotheeggs.Twowee
kslater,littleTomfoundsomechicks____outoftheshells.A.
walked B.ran C.jumpedD.struggledD六、家庭作业C
artoonfilmshaveveryfewlimits(限制).Ifyoucandrawsomething
,youcanmakeit1onthecinemascreen.Theuseofnewidea
sandmoderncomputerprogramsmeansthatcartoonsarebecoming
excitingagainforpeopleof2ages.By1970,theci
nemaworldhaddecidedthatcartoonswere3forchildren.
Butsoonafterthat,oneortwofilmmakershadsomenew
ideas.Theyprovedthatitwas4tomakefilmsinwhichbothg
rown-upsandchildrencouldenjoythem.(1)六、家庭作业Ho
wever,5cartoonfilmwassuccessful.TheBlackCauldron,for
example,failed,mainlybecauseitwastoo6forchildrenand
toochildishforgrown-ups.Filmmakerslearntfromthismistake
,andthencartoonswerewelcomedbybothchildrenandgrown-ups
and7thefilmcompaniesbegantomakelargeamountsofmoney
.()1.A.arrive B.stay C.stand D.move()2.A.s
ome B.either C.all D.both()3.A.never B.only C.st
ill D.already()4.A.possible B.difficult C.complete
D.interesting()5.A.notevery B.noneofthe C.each D
.neitherofthe()6.A.interesting B.popular C.relaxin
g D.frightening()7.A.once B.however C.again D.also
(1)DCBAADC六、家庭作业ThenameofDanielWilliamshas
beenknowntotheblackpeopleintheUnitedStatesformanyy
ears.Hebecamea1inChicagoin1883.Aftergraduating,he
taughtatNorthwesternUniversity’smedicalschool.Hewasasked
bythepresidentoftheUnitedStates,GroverCleveland,togo
toWashington,D.C.,toheadtheFreedmen’sHospital.Itwasone
ofthefewhospitalsforblacksinthecountry2.
HewentbacktoChicagotohelptosetupProvidentHospital.
3itopened,Chicago’sblackdoctorscouldnotpracticeinhos
pitals.Theyhadtotreatpatients4,sooperationswereper
formedonbedsandkitchentables.Dr.Williamsalsohelpedtos
etupatrainingschoolinChicagoforblacknurses.(2)六、家庭作业In1893heoperatedonamanwhowasdyingfromastabwoundintheheart.Suchawoundhadalways5death.ButDr.Williamstriedtosavetheman.6X-rayorbloodtransfusions(输血),heopenedtheman’schestandsewedup(修补)hisheart.Everythingwentonwellwiththebold(大胆的)operation.Theman7.()1.A.headmaster B.manager C.doctor D.nurse()2.A.atthattime B.inthepastC.amomentagoD.justthen()3.A.After B.Before C.When D.Assoonas()4.A.intheofficeB.intheschoolC.intheuniversityD.athome()5.A.shownB.explained C.meant D.described()6.A.AccordingtoB.InsteadofC.BecauseofD.Without()7.A.diedB.livedC.becamestrongD.gotbadlyhurt(2)CABDCDBThankyou! |
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