StudentNotesLecture13–DiseaseManagementSlide1FungiBacteriaPhytop
lasmaVirusSlide2Fungaldiseases:Mostre-infectplanteachseaso
nFungicideforcontrolcommon,resistancecanoccurGrapespecies
andvarietiesvaryintheirsusceptibilitySomehavepartialtone
arcompleteresistanceSlide3Young,greentissuemostsusceptible
Growthoptimizedbywarmtemperatures,highhumidity,rainfallSun
lightandairmovementpromotedryingwhichinhibitsgrowthSlide
4Powderymildew:UncinulanecatorV.vinifera,hybridssusceptible
AmericanlesssusceptibleTable3.2forvarietyrankingFigures11.
1through11.5Slide5Leaf,shoot,fruitinfectedLeafandfruitin
fectionmostseriousWhiteorgrayish-whiteonupperleafandclus
tersurfaces,Figures11.1,11.2and11.3Sporeproducingbodies(
cleistothecia)overwinterinroughbarkandreleaseinspringSlid
e6ControlVineyardsiteandslopeRoworientationCanopymanagement
DryingofleavesandfruitFungicideapplicationPrebloomthroughp
ostbloomSlide7Blackrot:GuignardiabidwelliV.viniferasuscepti
bleHybrids,AmericanhavevaryingsusceptibilityTable3.2forvar
ietyrankingFigures11.6and11.7Slide8Leaf,shoot,fruitinfect
edFruitinfectionmostserious,berriesshrivelto‘mummies’‘Mumm
ies’releasesporesinspringTemperatureandhoursofleafwetnes
salterinfection,Table11.2Slide9ControlSanitationRemove‘mumm
ies’CanopymanagementDryingofleavesandfruitFungicideapplicat
ionPrebloomthroughpostbloomSlide10DownyMildew:Plasmoparaviti
colaV.viniferasusceptibleHybrids,Americanhavevaryingsuscep
tibilityTable3.2forvarietyrankingFigures11.8through11.12Sl
ide11Leaf,shoot,fruitinfectedLeafinfectionmostseriousCircu
lar,yelloworreddish-brownlesionsoccurontheupperleafsurf
aceanddirectlyoppositeonthelowersurfaceawhite‘cottony’
growthoccurs,leadstodefoliation,Figure11.12Sporesreleased
fromleaflitterinspring,re-infectionfrominfectedleavesWarm
,windy,wetweathercausesrapidspreadSlide12ControlCanopyman
agementDryingofleavesandfruitFungicideapplicationPrebloomun
tilafterfruitsetDryperiodsstopinfectionSlide13BotrytisBun
chRot:BotrytiscinereaV.vinifera,hybridswithtightorcompact
clustersTable3.2forvarietyrankingFigures11.17and11.18Slid
e14Leaf,fruitinfectedFruitinfectionmostseriousGrayishspore
massesformonberriesandthefruitrots,Figure11.18Sporesre
leasedfromlitter(vine,floor)inspringLowairmovementcondit
ionspromoteSlide15ControlPlantlooseclustervarietiesandclon
esCanopymanagementAirmovement,fruitexposureReducenitrogenFun
gicideapplicationatfourdevelopmentstages,page229Slide16Ph
omopsisCaneandLeafSpot,Figures11.13to11.16Anthracnose,Fi
gure11.19EutypaDieback,Figure11.21BitterRot,Figure11.20Rip
eRotSlide17BacteriaandPhytoplasmadiseases:Spreadbyinfected
propagationmaterialand/orinsectvectorsFewornoculturalor
pesticidecontrolsPromptlyremoveinfectedvinesSlide18CrownGal
l:AgrobacteriumvitisV.vinifera,hybridssusceptibleAmericanmu
chmoreresistantTable3.2forvarietyrankingFigure11.22Slide1
9PerennialwoodinfectedLowertrunkmostseriousTumor-likegalls
formonthetrunk,Figure11.22BacteriumhasawidehostrangePre
sentinmostgrapevinesMechanicalandfreezeinjuryleadstoits
developmentSlide20ControlPropermatchofspeciesandvarietyto
vineyardsitePropagaterootstockandscionfromcrowngallfreem
aterialMultipletrunkandperiodictrunkrenewalSlide21Pierce’s
Disease(PD):XylellafastidiosaV.vinifera,hybrids,American,s
usceptibleMuscadiniagrapesresistantFigure11.23Slide22Vegetati
veportioninfectedLeavesandshootsmostseriousBacteriaand‘gu
mming’byvineplugsxylemtissue,resemblesdroughtstressLeaves
andthevineeventuallycollapseasifitwasduetodroughtstr
essLeafhoppersspreadbacteriumBacteriumhasawidehostrangeSli
de23ControlAvoidplantingsusceptiblevinesinendemicareasInse
cticideforcontrolofleafhoppershassomecontrolPromptlyremov
einfectedvinesSlide24NorthAmericanGrapevineYellows:Phytopla
smacausalorganismV.viniferasusceptibleFigure11.24Slide25Veg
etativeandfruitportioninfectedLeavesandshootsmostseriousC
lusterwithering,shoottipdieback,yellowingandrollingoflea
ves,andlackofbrowncanedevelopmentaresymptomsNativeandwi
ldVitisandPrunusarehosts,removeSlide26ControlAvoidplantin
gsusceptiblevinesinendemicareasInsecticidecontrolofleafho
ppershassomecontrolPromptlyremoveinfectedvinesSlide27Viral
diseases:SpreadbyinfectedpropagationmaterialUsecertifiedvi
rus-freematerialFumigationofsoilandcovercropping,seepage
76sidebarFewornoculturalorpesticidecontrolsPromptlyremove
symptomaticvinesSlide28Leafroll:ViruscausalV.viniferasuscep
tibleSymptomsarereddeningbetweenveinsonred-fruitedvarietie
s,yellowingonwhite-fruitedvarieties,andleafmarginscurldo
wnwards,Figure11.25Control:Usecertifiedvirus-freematerialPro
mptlyremovesymptomaticvineSlide29TomatoandTobaccoRingspot:
ViruscausalWidehostrangeTwoviruses,biologysimilarV.vinife
ra,hybridssusceptibleAmericanresistantSymptomsrarelyshowan
actual‘ringspot’patternontheleaves.Itismoreofageneral
declineinthevinesuchassparsegrowth,stuntedshoots,shortinternodes,small,distortedleaves,andsparsefruitclusterswithunevendevelopment,Figure11.26Slide30ControlUsecertifiedvirus-freematerialUseresistantrootstocksRemovesymptomaticvineControlbroadleafweedsReducesoilnematodenumbersinnewandreplantsituations,page76sidebar1 |
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