茉莉香葡萄种植方法步骤http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E8%8C%89%E8%8E%89%E9%A6%99%E8%91 %A1%E8%90%84&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T 1d9njcYPyPbrAcYPAc3uW0z0ZwV5Hcvrjm3rH6sPfKWUMw85HfYnjn4nH6sgvPsT6 KdThsqpZwYTjCEQLGCpyw9Uz4Bmy-bIi4WUvYETgN-TLwGUv3EnHTdPHb4njDLnWb kPjfLPjR3r0茉莉香葡萄种植方法步骤:1.嫁接育苗:有硬枝嫁接、绿枝嫁接两种方法。a.硬枝嫁接,利用贝达做砧木,ht tp://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E8%8C%89%E8%8E%89%E9%A6%99%E8%91%A1%E8%9 0%84&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1d9njcYP yPbrAcYPAc3uW0z0ZwV5Hcvrjm3rH6sPfKWUMw85HfYnjn4nH6sgvPsT6KdThsqpZ wYTjCEQLGCpyw9Uz4Bmy-bIi4WUvYETgN-TLwGUv3EnHTdPHb4njDLnWbkPjfLPjR 3r0茉莉香葡萄枝条做接穗。在秋季修剪时,挑选砧木,年龄1—2年生粗度0.7厘米,剪成50-60厘米或100厘米的条,50—100 条捆成一捆,越冬贮藏。接穗要选芽饱满,成熟度好,无病虫,粗度在0.5厘米以上的枝条,剪成50—60厘米的条,50—100条捆成一捆 ,越冬贮藏,注意防止芽眼霉烂、受冻或遭鼠害,供第二年3-4月嫁接用。嫁接多采用劈接法。b.绿枝嫁接在六月上旬至中旬进行,利用二年 生贝达定植苗做砧木,接穗用健壮枝条(新梢或副梢)。2.定植建园:葡萄园建园时,头年秋天在确定的地块上,按行距挖深度为80—10 0厘米、宽度为100-150厘米定植沟,施入有机肥。春季葡萄苗定植时,栽植密度一般为每亩93—133株,株距1—1.5米,行距5- -6米,架向均以南北行,植株由西向东爬。3.水肥管理:葡萄园的土壤必须保持疏松、肥沃、透气性良好,保证植株生长旺盛,早结实和高 产。适时除草,以改善http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E6%B8%A9%E 5%BA%A6&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1d9nj cYPyPbrAcYPAc3uW0z0ZwV5Hcvrjm3rH6sPfKWUMw85HfYnjn4nH6sgvPsT6KdThs qpZwYTjCEQLGCpyw9Uz4Bmy-bIi4WUvYETgN-TLwGUv3EnHTdPHb4njDLnWbkPjfL PjR3r0土壤温度、养分、水分和微生物活动条件,促进葡萄植株健壮生长。葡萄园必须施肥,营养元素氮磷钾的多少,影响葡萄生长和结果 。葡萄的施肥,应根据不同的地势、土壤肥力、肥料种类、栽培方式植株年龄和气候条件因地制宜。葡萄施肥多采用地面沟施、畦施或叶面喷施。基 肥一般在春季或秋季采收后施入;追肥一般分三次施入,第一次在葡萄出土后开花前施入,氮肥为主,促进新梢生长和提高座果率,第二次在幼果膨 大时施入,氮肥为主适当加入鳞钾肥,同时结合灌水,促进果实增大和http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E8%8A%B 1%E8%8A%BD%E5%88%86%E5%8C%96&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0I ZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1d9njcYPyPbrAcYPAc3uW0z0ZwV5Hcvrjm3rH6sPfKWUMw85H fYnjn4nH6sgvPsT6KdThsqpZwYTjCEQLGCpyw9Uz4Bmy-bIi4WUvYETgN-TLwGUv3 EnHTdPHb4njDLnWbkPjfLPjR3r0花芽分化,第三次在八月上旬果实着色前施入,以磷、钾肥为主,促进枝条木质化、果 实的成熟和含糖量的提高。葡萄园的灌水和排水。灌水应根据栽培方式、土壤性质、土层厚度,气候条件等而异,一般在新梢迅速生长期和浆果迅 速膨大期对水分最敏感。前期缺水,新梢生长短、叶片和花序小,座果率低;在果实迅速膨大期缺水,影响果实增大;果熟期缺水影响果实内糖的浓 度成熟期延迟,果皮色泽发暗,水分过多会使果品含糖量和品质降低。主要灌水时期是,葡萄出土后至萌芽前灌水一次,花序出现及开花前7—10 天灌水1—2次,越冬前灌防寒水。当7—8月雨季,降水量过大时及时排水,防止发生病害。4.整形修剪:葡萄的整枝的形式多采用少蔓或 多主蔓扇形整枝。主蔓数量2—6个或更多,在架面上呈扇形分布。冬季修剪时期在10月上中旬为宜,必须在埋土防寒前进行。对结果母枝剪留的 长度为:短梢修剪(1—4芽)、中梢修剪(5—7芽)、长梢修剪(8—12芽)。注意调整各级枝的主http://www.baidu.c om/s?wd=%E4%BB%8E%E5%B1%9E%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&tn=44039180_cpr&fenl ei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1d9njcYPyPbrAcYPAc3uW0z0ZwV5Hcvrj m3rH6sPfKWUMw85HfYnjn4nH6sgvPsT6KdThsqpZwYTjCEQLGCpyw9Uz4Bmy-bIi4 WUvYETgN-TLwGUv3EnHTdPHb4njDLnWbkPjfLPjR3r0从属关系,壮枝适当长留,弱枝短留,主蔓延长枝 可根据树势决定所留长短。夏季修剪主要是抹芽、结果枝蔓摘心、副梢处理、营养枝摘心、除卷须、掐花序等,夏季修剪可以有效利用树体营养物质 ,使枝蔓与叶面合理分布,充分利用光能,促进http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E8%8A%B1%E8%8A%BD %E5%88%86%E5%8C%96&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm 4nH00T1d9njcYPyPbrAcYPAc3uW0z0ZwV5Hcvrjm3rH6sPfKWUMw85HfYnjn4nH6s gvPsT6KdThsqpZwYTjCEQLGCpyw9Uz4Bmy-bIi4WUvYETgN-TLwGUv3EnHTdPHb4n jDLnWbkPjfLPjR3r0花芽分化及枝蔓的成熟,提高果实的品质并为丰产创造条件。5.防治虫病:http://www.b aidu.com/s?wd=%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%97%85%E5%AE%B3&tn=44039180_cp r&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1d9njcYPyPbrAcYPAc3uW0z0ZwV 5Hcvrjm3rH6sPfKWUMw85HfYnjn4nH6sgvPsT6KdThsqpZwYTjCEQLGCpyw9Uz4Bm y-bIi4WUvYETgN-TLwGUv3EnHTdPHb4njDLnWbkPjfLPjR3r0葡萄病害主要有http://ww w.baidu.com/s?wd=%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%99%BD%E7%B2%89%E7%97%85&tn =44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1d9njcYPyPbrAcY PAc3uW0z0ZwV5Hcvrjm3rH6sPfKWUMw85HfYnjn4nH6sgvPsT6KdThsqpZwYTjCEQ LGCpyw9Uz4Bmy-bIi4WUvYETgN-TLwGUv3EnHTdPHb4njDLnWbkPjfLPjR3r0葡萄白粉 病、http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%9C%9C%E9%9C%89% E7%97%85&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1d9n jcYPyPbrAcYPAc3uW0z0ZwV5Hcvrjm3rH6sPfKWUMw85HfYnjn4nH6sgvPsT6KdTh sqpZwYTjCEQLGCpyw9Uz4Bmy-bIi4WUvYETgN-TLwGUv3EnHTdPHb4njDLnWbkPjf LPjR3r0葡萄霜霉病、http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%99%B D%E8%85%90%E7%97%85&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPj m4nH00T1d9njcYPyPbrAcYPAc3uW0z0ZwV5Hcvrjm3rH6sPfKWUMw85HfYnjn4nH6 sgvPsT6KdThsqpZwYTjCEQLGCpyw9Uz4Bmy-bIi4WUvYETgN-TLwGUv3EnHTdPHb4 njDLnWbkPjfLPjR3r0葡萄白腐病、葡萄黑豆病、http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E8%91%A1 %E8%90%84%E8%A4%90%E6%96%91%E7%97%85&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6qu AkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1d9njcYPyPbrAcYPAc3uW0z0ZwV5Hcvrjm3rH6sPf KWUMw85HfYnjn4nH6sgvPsT6KdThsqpZwYTjCEQLGCpyw9Uz4Bmy-bIi4WUvYETgN -TLwGUv3EnHTdPHb4njDLnWbkPjfLPjR3r0葡萄褐斑病、http://www.baidu.com/s?w d=%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%82%AD%E7%96%BD%E7%97%85&tn=44039180_cpr&f enlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1d9njcYPyPbrAcYPAc3uW0z0ZwV5Hc vrjm3rH6sPfKWUMw85HfYnjn4nH6sgvPsT6KdThsqpZwYTjCEQLGCpyw9Uz4Bmy-bIi4WUvYETgN-TLwGUv3EnHTdPHb4njDLnWbkPjfLPjR3r0葡萄炭疽病等。葡萄虫害有葡萄瘿螨、葡萄二星叶禅、葡萄天蛾、绿盲蝽等。a.清洁果园,清除病原物。冬季修剪时将病虫枝条剪除,彻底清扫果园,将病国、病叶枝条、虫卵、虫瘿等尽量收拾干净,集中烧毁。b.加强栽培管理,适当提高结果部位,对果穗进行吊绑或套袋,减少地面病虫害侵染的机会。及时进行夏季修剪,通风透光,提高抗病虫能力。 |
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