直接引语间接引语句子时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时直接引语间接引语例句①Hesaid，“ThefilmhadbegunwhenIgottothecinema.”→Hesaidthatthefilmhadbegunwhenhegottothecinema.②Iaskedtheteacher,“Whenshallwehaveoursportsmeet？”→Iaskedtheteacherwhenweshouldhaveoursportsmeet.引语用词直接引语间接引语指示代词this这个that那个these这些those那些时间状语now现在then那时today今天thatday那天thismorning今天上午thatmorning那天上午tonight今天晚上thatnight那天晚上tomorrow明天thenext/followingday第二天yesterday昨天thedaybefore前一天lastnight昨天晚上thenightbefore前一天晚上引语用词直接引语间接引语时间状语thedaybeforeyesterday前天twodaysbefore两天前threedaysago三天前threedaysbefore三天前nextweek下一周thenext/followingweek第二周ago(至今)以前before(那时)以前地点状语here这儿there那儿方向性动词bring带来take带走come来go去
语法图解
1．“Idon''twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary，”saidAnne.
→Annesaidthatshedidn''twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.
2．“Doesafriendalwayshavetobeaperson？”thewriterasksus.
→Thewriterasksusifafriendalwayshastobeaperson.
3．“Whatdoyoucallyourdiary？”Anne''ssisteraskedher.
→Anne''ssisteraskedherwhatshecalledherdiary.
探究发现
4．“Whydidyougotobedsolatelastnight？”FatheraskedAnne.→FatheraskedAnnewhyshehadgonetobedsolatethenightbefore.
5．Janesaid,“I''mveryfondoftraveling.”→Janesaidthatshewasveryfondoftraveling.
6．“Isthisyourumbrella,Mary？”askedJohn.
→JohnaskedMaryifthatwasherumbrella.7．“Mary,whenwillyoureturnmethebook？”askedJohn.
→JohnaskedMarywhenshewouldreturnhimthebook.
8．“Iknowit，”hesaid.
→Hesaidthatheknewit.
9．Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.”
→Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.
10．Hesaid，“UFOappearedherethedaybeforeyesterday”.
→HesaidthatUFOhadappearedtheretwodaysbefore.
11．Tomsaid，“Canyoufinishtheworkinlessthantwodays,Mary？”
→TomaskedMaryif/whethershecouldfinishtheworkinlessthantwodays.
12．“WhatdidEdisondotohelpthedoctoroperateonhismother？”theteacheraskedus.
→TheteacheraskeduswhatEdisonhaddonetohelpthedoctoroperateonhismother.
过去完成时
she
过去将来时
客观事实
[我的发现]
(1)在直接引语变为间接引语的过程中，从句的主语常常按照一定的规律发生变化，如：在句1、5中，从句的主语由I变为；句6中从句的主语由this变为等。
(2)在句7中，从句的时态由一般将来时变为；句8中，从句的时态由一般现在时变为；句9中，从句的时态没有变化的原因为：从句陈述的是。句12中，从句的时态由一般过去时变为。
that
一般过去时
疑问词
there
if
ask
(3)在句10中，直接引语中的here和thedaybeforeyesterday在间接引语中分别变为和；同时在主句和从句之间加入了连接词that。
(4)直接引语是一般疑问句或反意疑问句，变为间接引语时，常将它变成由或导的宾语从句，其主句动词常用。如句2、6、11。
(5)直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，将它变成由原来的引导的宾语从句。如句7、12。
(6)语序变化：直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序变为。如句2、3、4、6、7、11、12。
twodaysbefore
陈述句语序
whether
一、人称的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人立场的变化作相应的改变。
[助记]
1．“一随主”。指在直接引语变间接引语时，直接引语中出现的第一人称的代词要按照引述动词的主语的人称变化。
Johnsaid，“IwanttovisittheWorldExpo.”
→JohnsaidthathewantedtovisittheWorldExpo.
Shesaid，“Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”
→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.
2．“二随宾”。指直接引语变间接引语时，直接引语中出现的第二人称的代词要按引述动词的宾语的人称变化，若引述动词后没有宾语，也可用第一人称。
HesaidtoKate，“Howisyoursisternow？”
→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.
3．“第三人称不更新”。指直接引语变间接引语时，直接引语中出现的第三人称的代词一般不需要变化。
Mr.Smithsaid，“Jackisagoodworker.”
→Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodworker.
he
his
[即时演练1]将下列句子改为间接引语
(1)Hesaid,“Iamproudofmymotherland.”
→Hesaidthatwasproudofhismotherland.
(2)“Youarewastingyourtimeday-dreaming！”hesaidtoMary.
→HetoldMarythatwaswastinghertimeday-dreaming.
(3)Mr.Smithsaid,“Hisvoiceiswonderful.”
→Mr.Smithsaidvoiceiswonderful.
she
二、时态的变化
直接引语变间接引语时动词变化如下表：
名师点津：下面几种情况中，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不发生变化。
①直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时，其时态不变。
“Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.”theteachertoldme.
→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.
②直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时时态不变。
Tomsaid，“IwasbornonApril21,1980.”
→TomsaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.
wouldgive
hadlearned
[即时演练2]将下列句子改为间接引语
(1)Isaid,“Iwillgivehersomeadvicetomorrow.”
→IsaidthatIhersomeadvicethenextday.
(2)“Youhavealreadydoneyourduty，”hesaidtoher.
→Hetoldherthatshealreadydoneherduty.
(3)Johnsaidtohisparents,“Ihadlearned400Chinesewordsbytheendoflastterm.”
→Johntoldhisparentsthathe400Chinesewordsbytheendoflastterm.
had
wasliving
hadseen
(4)Hesaid,“Iamlivingwithmyoldbrother.”
→Hesaidthathewithhisoldbrother.
(5)“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound，”hesaid.
→Hesaidthatlightmuchfasterthansound.
(6)MyfriendLindasaidtome,“Isawthefilmthreedaysago.”
→MyfriendLindatoldmethatshethefilmthreedaysbefore.
travels
三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化
“Shewashereoneweekago.”saidJohn.
→Johnsaidthatshehadbeenthereoneweekbefore.
“Heiscomingtonight.”mymothersaidtome.
→Mymothertoldmethathewascomingthatnight.
taken
thatmorning
daybefore
thatnight
[即时演练3]将下列句子改为间接引语
(1)Theysaid,“Wearrivedthismorning.”
→Theysaidthattheyhadarrived.
(2)Johnsaid,“Iwrotebacktellinghimaboutityesterday.”
→Johnsaidthathehadwrittenbacktellinghimaboutit
.
(3)Hesaid,“It''steno''clocknow.”
→Hesaidthatitwasteno''clock.
(4)Shesaid，“I''lldoittonight.”
→Shesaidthatshewoulddoit.
(5)Hesaid,“Ibroughtithomewithme.”
→Hesaidthathehadithomewithhim.
the
then
四、连接词的选择
1．直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中，that可以省略。
Hesaid，“Iwascookingwhentheearthquakehappened.”
→Hesaid(that)hewascookingwhentheearthquakehappened.
名师点津：直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“saidtosb.”常改为toldsb.。
Shesaidtome,“Icamebackanhourago.”
→Shetoldme(that)shehadcomebackanhourbefore.
2．直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(...or...或．..ornot)或if引导。
Hesaid，“AreyouinterestedinEnglish？”
→Heasked(me)if/whetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.
名师点津：如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。
3．直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。
“What''syourname？”heaskedme.
→Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.
名师点津：疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。
when
[即时演练4]将下列句子改为间接引语
(1)Marywroteinherletter,“Mr.Liu,whenwillyoucometoAmerica？”
→MarywroteinherletterthatMr.LiuwouldcometoAmerica.
(2)“Whereareyougoing？”thefatheraskedhisson.
→Thefatheraskedhissonhewasgoing.
where
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．Theheadteacherrequestedthathalfanhourearliertodaythanusual.(arrive)
班主任要求我们今天要比通常时间早半小时到校。
2．Thephysicsteachertoldusthatthansound.(travel)
物理老师告诉我们说光传播速度比声音快。
lighttravelsfaster
we(should)arriveatschool
whatIthoughtofthefilm
howmanystudentshadgoneswimming
3．—WhatdidTomaskyou?
—Heaskedmewesawyesterday.(what)
——汤姆刚才问你什么？
——他问我对昨天我们看的那部电影感觉怎么样。
4．Marytoldmethatshethefactorytwoweeksbefore.(visit)
玛丽告诉我她前两周已经参观了这家工厂。
5．Themandidn''ttellme.(go)
这名男子没有告诉我有多少名学生去游泳了。
hadvisited
howlongthefilmwilllast
whichschoolIwouldchoose
6．Hehasn''ttoldus.(last)
他没有告诉我们那部电影会持续多长时间。
7．ThatnightIaskedhimorgotothecinema.(stay)
那天晚上，我问他是会待在家还是会去看电影。
8．Myfatheraskedme,HarvardorCambridge.(choose)
我的父亲问我将选择哪所学校，是哈佛还是剑桥。
whetherhewouldstayathome
woulddo
their
anditsetsinthewest
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．ZhouLansaid,“I''lldoitafterclass.”
→ZhouLansaidthatsheitafterclass.
2．Heaskedhiswife,“Whatareyougoingtobuyforourson？”
→Heaskedhiswifebuyforson.
3．Ourgeographyteachersaidtous,“Thesunrisesintheeastanditsetsinthewest.”
→Ourgeographyteachertoldusthat.
whatshewasgoingto
thesunrisesintheeast
wasfounded
was
whether/ifhehadfinishedhis
4．Myhistoryteachertaughtus,“ThePeople''sRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949.”
→MyhistoryteachertaughtusthatthePeople''sRepublicofChinain1949.
5．Shesaid,“Isyourfatheranengineer？”
→Sheaskedmefatheranengineer.
6．TheteachersaidtoLiMing，“Haveyoufinishedyourhomework？”
→TheteacherLiMinghomework.
if/whethermy
asked
|
|
