③主动表被动:want(需要)need
(需要)require(需要)Sth.+
+doingbeworth
(值得) 使用动名词作宾语时，用主动形式表达被动含义tobedone使用不定式作宾语时，依然用被动形式
表达被动含义①Theroomwants(clean).②Themethodneeds(improve).③
Thispairofshoesrequire(mend).④Theproblemneeds(workout
).⑤Thequestioniswellworth(discuss)d）动词“like,love,hate
,prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯性动作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动作”。当用在should,would之后时，只
跟不定式。例如：Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon
.我喜欢游泳，但今天我不愿去游泳。Whatwouldyouliketoeattonight?你今晚上想吃什么？
Stop；forget；try；Mean；goon；OthersExamples五.动名词的复合结构动名词前可以加一个
物主代词或名词所有格来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语1).物主代词/名词所有格+动
名词在句中作主语:Mary`scominglatemadeherteacherangry
.Doyoumindmysmoking?Doyoumindmyread
ingyourpaper?Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragemen
ttous.Rose’sgoingwon’tbeofmuchhelp.2).人称代词宾格/名词
+动名词在句中作宾语:I`msureofhimcomingontime.
Hehasneverheardofawomanbeingapilot.Idon’t
mindJack(him)going.Shehatesyoungpeople(them)smokin
g.分词：Participles一分词的概述1.分词是“非谓语动词”的另一种形式，它有两种形式：现在分词（Pre
sentParticiple）和过去分词（PastParticiple）。2.现在分词：doing过去分词：规
则动词V+ed不规则动词3.分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中作表语、
定语状语和宾语补足语。现在分词与过去分词的区别：1.语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动Doyouknowthew
omantalkingtoTom?Thesoldierwoundedinthewarhasbecomea
doctor.2.时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成Developingcountryboilingwater
Developedcountryboiledwater二、分词的作用1、作定语分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修
饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。（1）前置定语Heisapromisingyoun
gman.??Makelessnoise.There’sasleepingchild.??Weonlysel
lusedbooks.??我们只卖用过的书。（2）后置定语TheyoungmansittingbetweenJo
hnandMaryistheeditorofthecampusnewspaper.??现在分词作定语表示动作。
如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。Thebridgebuiltlastmonthn
eedsrepairing.??上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。（3）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句
。如：Thosewhowishtojointheclubshouldsignhere(Thosewishi
ngtojointhisclubshouldsignhere.???)想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。The
man,?whohadbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.)
由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。(Theman,havingbeendisturbedsobadly,alm
ostlosthismemory.（4）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和完成，只表完成。如：theque
stiondiscussedyesterday?昨天讨论的问题??（既表示被动也表示完成）thefallenleave
s?落下的树叶??(只表示完成，不表示被动)2、作表语分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如：Shewastoofr
ightenedtomove.她被吓得一动不动。Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.??
你所说的真令从鼓舞。3、作宾语补足语可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有see,watch,hear,set,keep,f
ind,have,get等词。Isawhimwalkinginthestreet.我看见他在街上走。I
heardthemsingingintheclassroom.我听见他们在教室里唱歌。Wefoundthe
boysleeping.我们发现小孩睡着了。A）Iheardmybrother(singing,sung)
inthenextroomB）Iheardthesong(singing,sung)inEngli
sh.现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别四、作状语现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成1.(Seeing/see
n)fromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.
(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeaut
iful.2.(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying
.3.(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.4.Istood
bythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.?Hearingthebadnews,t
heycouldn’thelpcrying.WhentheyheardthebadnewsGiven
moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Iftheyh
adbeengivenmoreattentionBeingsoangry,hecouldn’tgo
tosleep.BecausehewassoangryTheycameintotheclassroom,
singingandlaughing.andtheyweresinginglaughingToserveth
epeoplewell,Istudyhard.Inordertoservet
hepeoplewell判断下列句子正误：1.TolearnEnglishwell,a
lotofpracticemustbedone.2.Seeingfromthehill,thec
ityismorebeautiful.3.Heating,waterwillboil.4.Gett
ingthere,thedoorwasfoundopened.判断句子正误并改正：1,Being
ill,hisclassmatesenthimtohospital.2.Togettherein
time,hetoldmetogetupearly.3,BrokenbyJim,Ican’t
usethecup.将下列状语从句改为非谓语短语作状语：1.Becauseshewasmoved
bythehero,shedecidedtostudyharder.Movedbyth
ehero,2.Whenhefoundthedoorlocked,hewenthome.Findi
ngthedoorlocked,Hestartedearlyinorderthathecouldge
tthereontime.togetthereontime将下列非谓语短语改写为状语从句1.Notknow
ingheraddress,Ican’twritetoher.2.Enteringtheroom,
Isawastrangesight.3,Scoldedbytheteacher,hewas
verysad.4.Notknowingwheretogo,heaskedapoliceman.
5.Hearingherfriendwasbad-lyhurt,sheburstintotears.6.
Knowinghisteamhadwon,hebecamehappyatonce.不定式时态、语态的用法
1.不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时，用一般时态Hewantedtoseeyou2.强调不定式的动作正在进
行时，用进行时态WhenIcamein,hepretendedtobereadingabookHei
ssaidtobewritinganovel3.强调不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时，用不定式完成时Hei
ssaidtohavewrittenanovel.I’msogladtohaveseenyou.T
hegroundissowet,Itmusthaverainedlastnight
不定式被动语态的用法.A,当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者时，用被动语态Sheas
kedtobesenttoworkinTibet(宾语)Thebookissaidtohavebee
ntranslatedintoEnglish(或叫合Itisanhonorformetobeask
edtospeakhere(主语)句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，尽管不定式与被修饰词是被动关系，也还要用主动语态1
,Givehimsomebooktoread\Doyouhaveanyclothestowash?“
Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed?”askedthemaid2,S+be+e
asy\difficult\hard\pleasant\interesting\exciting\comfortab
le+todoThisquestioniseasytoanswerTheboyisdifficultto
teach3,Thehouseistolet\Themanageristoblame.\Therea
sonisnotfartoseek.4Therebe句型中，主动形式或被动形式均可但有时含意不同Therei
snothingtodonow(wehavenothingtodonow)现在没事干Thereisno
thingtobedonenow(wecandonothingnow)现在没什么办法Thereisno
thingtosee(nothingisworthseeing)没有东西值得看Thereisnothingt
obeseen看不见有什么东西分词时态、语态的用法如果强调分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成形
式。Nothavingfinishedhishomework,Tomwasmadetostayatscho
ol.Havingclosedallthewindows,IwenthomeHavingbeeninvi
tedtotheparty,Tomwasveryhappy.分词所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。分词
与其逻辑主语的关系时被动的，要用被动语态1.Lookingoutofthewindow,Icanseemany
carsandbuses.2.SeenfromthetopofDragonTower,Harbinlook
smorebeautiful.3.Theteachercamein,_______manystudents.(fo
llow)4.Theteachercamein,_______bymanystudents.(follow)fol
lowingfollowed如果强调分词表示的动作正在进行时，要用分词的进行时态。1.Beingrepai
red,thebuildingisforbiddentoenter.2.Thehousebeingbuilt
nowisaHopeProjectSchool.3.Passingbytheaccidentscene,
Isawthemanbadlyhurtbeingcarriedontoanambulance.Task:
completethefollowingsentences1.“＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿（你有衣服要洗吗）?them
aidasked.2.________________(没有完成作业),Tomwasforbiddentowatch
TV.3.________________(正在刷油漆),thehousewasnotallowedtoenter
.4.________________(被邀请参加舞会),Maryfeltexcited.5.Thedifficult
mathsproblem____________________(很难算出）.6.Shewasangryfor__
________________(没有被邀请）totheball.7.Thethiefstoleintothest
ore_________________(没人看到）8.Theflat_________________(出租）9.The
manwhowasondutythatday_________________(应受谴责）10.Theywer
eproudof____________________(被派往西藏去工作）11.Whentheteachercam
ein,Tom_________________(假装再看书）12.NiPingissaid___________
_________(写了一本名叫“日子”的书）13.SongDandanissaid_______________(在
写一本叫“月子”的书）14._________________(从窗户往外看),Icanseemanytallbui
ldings.15._________________(从山顶往下看),thecitylooksmorebeautif
ul.16._________________(他有很多活要干）.Don’tbotherhim.17.__________
_______(他有很多活要干)andyoucango,too.Doyouhaveanyclothesto
bewashedNothavingfinishedhishomework,BeingpaintedNotha
vingbeeninvitedtotheball,isdifficulttoworkoutnothavin
gbeeninvitedwithoutbeingseenistoletistoblamehavingbe
ensenttoworkinTibetpretendedtobereadingtohavewritten
abookcalled“TheDays”tobewritingabooknamed“TheMonths
”Lookingoutofthewindow,Seenfromtopofthehill,Hehasa
lotofworktodoHehasalotofworktobedone分词的时态和语态构成（以st
udy和go为例）gonestudied一般式过去分词havinggoinghavingbeenstud
iedhavingstudied完成式goingbeingstudiedstudying一般式现在分词
主动语态被动语态主动语态不及物动词及物动词及物与不及物动词
语态时态
类别被动式：beingdone表示一个现在进行的完成动作。1.Thebuildingbeingre
pairedisourlibrary.2.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimp
ortant.3.Asweapproachedthevillage,wesawnewhousesbeing
putup.完成式：havingdone所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。Havingturned
offtheradio,hebegantogooverhislessons.2.Nothavingre
ceivedhisfather’sletter,hedecidedtomakeacalltohim.独立主
格结构一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出来的，它有自
己的逻辑主语。独立主格结构（IndependentGenitive）有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是
非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。
独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。Givenmoretime,we
coulddoitbetter.Nobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingw
asclosed.1．独立主格结构的形式：（1）名词/代词+-ing分词及其短语Themoonappeari
ng,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.Thepupilsarewal
kingslowly,theirteacherfollowing.（2）名词/代词+-ed分词及其短语Good
-byesaid,wewenthome.Allthingsconsidered,itisagoodpla
n.（3）名词/代词+形容词及其短语Theweather(being)hot,weallwentswi
mming.Dinnerready,thehostessaskedhergueststobeseated.
（4）名词/代词+不定式及其短语Themoneytobepaidbythedriver,thepol
icewentaway.Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdoneto
comeoutnextmonth.（5）名词/代词+副词及其短语Themeeting(being)ove
r,welefttheroom.（6）名词/代词+介词及其短语Shestoodthere,book
inhand.Everybodyathome,wesatdowntodinner.非谓语动词讲解No
nfiniteVerbs非谓语动词动名词分词现在分词过去分词动词不定式1.谓语动词：概述：2.非谓语动词：
在句子中担任谓语的动词是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词
的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。非谓语动词使用条件Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandb
agonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonher
seat.1Theteacherssittingtherearefromotherschools.表
语2Wesawsometeacherssittingthere.宾语补足语3Weneedtobeac
tiveinclass.宾语谓语宾语主语定语连系动词非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语
、状语等.4.Toseeyouisglad.=It’sgladtoseeyou.5.Iwantt
oseeyou.6.Iwanthimtoseeyou.7.Myhopeistoseeyou.8.H
eisthemantoseeyou.9.I’mgladtoseeyou.10.Iwenttose
eyou.11.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou（作主语）(作宾语）（作宾补）(作表语
）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）12.Swimmingishisfavouritespor
t.13.Heenjoysswimming.14.Ifoundhimswimmingintheriver.
15.Hisfavouritesportisswimming.16.Heisthemanswimmingi
ntheriverjustnow.17.SwimminginSummer,wecangetcool.(
作主语）(作宾语）(作宾补）(作表语）(作状语）(作定语）动词不定式（TheInfinitive）一.动词不定式
的基本构成：由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成肯定式：todosth否定式：n
ottodosth.被动式：tobedone完成式：tohavedone二.动词不定式的句法作
用法动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。动词不定式Todo
thatsortofthingisfoolish。IwanttoseeyouthiseveningAll
youhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolive
in.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnotto
eatcoldwateraftertheoperation.主语宾语表语定语状语宾补(1)作
主语不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。Toseeistobelieve．Nottogetthere
intimeisyourfault.注：常用it做形式主语，将todo放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It
+谓语+todoIttakesusanhour___gettherebybus.句型2：It’s+
n.+todoIt’sourduty__helpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoym
ent__spendourholidayinthemountains句型3：Itisadj.for/ofs
b.todosth.Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsb
todosth（是形容人的品质的）（是形容事物的性质的）Itiseasyformetofinishth
isworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentat
yourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehel
p.It''simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.＝You
areverykindtogivemesomehelp.＝youareimpolitetospeak
totheteacherlikethat.常见动词有：口诀：想要决定同意，希望许诺选择want,decide,
hope,agree,choose,wish,need,promise(2)作宾语Iwanttok
nowthismatter.like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,
refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,prefer,forget
,mean,prepare,pretend,continue,start,afford,hate等Idon’t
expecttomeetyouhere.1).接不定式做宾语1.Theywanted____(get)
onthebus,didn’tthey?2.Hesaidhewished______(be)ap
rofessor.3.Iagreed______(go)therewiththedoctor.4.
Mydaughterpreferred______(dance)whenshewasinhertwenti
es.5.Hehadpromised______(give)meahand.B.常跟疑问词+不定式作
宾语的动词:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,lear
n,explain…know,show,discover,see(understand)Hetaughtusho
wtousethetool.Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.I
hopeyou’lladvisemewhattodo.Idon''tknowhowtogetthere.
Ihaven''tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.beginstartcontinue+
tododoing注意下列动词①②likelovehatepreferlearn+tododoin
g③rememberforgetregret+tododoing④trymeanstopgoon+
tododoing1.Boys,don''tforget_____thewindowsbeforeyoule
avetheclassroom.A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.toclose
2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______onabigr
ock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest4.Remember
_______thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.toturnoffB.t
urningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoff(3)作宾语补足语(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻
辑上的主谓关系)1.Mother?told?me?___?come?back?before?10?o’clock.2.
I’ll?get?someone?___?repair?the?recorder?for?you.3.What?cause
d?him?___?change?his?mind?4.I?wish?you?___?come?as?soon?as?poss
ible.5.Heaskedme___dotheworkwithhimadviseallowaskb
egcauseexpectencourageforcegethateinviteorderwish?ob
ligewantwarnremindpromisepermitpersuaderequest…sb.todo
seewatchlookathearlistentofeelnotice+sb.+dodoin
gdonemakelethavesb.beseenwatchedlookedatheardlis
tenedtofeltnoticed+todomadelet2).I?often?hear?them?(s
ing)?this?song.Did?you?notice?anyone?(come?)in??I?would?have?
him?(wait)?for?me?for?a?long?time.Look?at?the?horse?jump.注意
：?当这类动词转为被动语态时，?其后的不定式则要加上“?to”?如：Heisoftenheard________th
esong·?He?was?seen?_______?the?room.tosingto?enter4.it作形式
宾语Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting．Ifind/feelitinte
restingtoworkwithhim．注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语
之后，而用it作形式宾语。Subject+find/think/feel/make/consider…it+adj/
n+todosth.1.We?thought?___?better?___?start?early.2.Do?yo
u?consider?___?better?not?__?go?3.?I?feel?__?my?duty?__?change?a
ll?that.4.Wethink__important__obeythelaw.5.Iknow__im
possible__finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句
子完整、正确。1.Letme______(help)you_______(water)theflowers.
2.LittleSandywouldlove_______(take)tothecinemathisevenin
g.3.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate______(cry),todayhewa
smade_______(cry)byhisdeskmate.4.Isawhim_______intoth
esmallstore.A.wentB.goingC.togoD.hasgone5.Tellthe
boy_______outofthewindow.nottolookB.tonotlookC.don''
tlookD.notlookhelp(to)watertotakecrytocry5.?Ihav
esomethingtotellyou.(不定式作定语)不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Doyouhave
anythingtowashtoday?Doyouhaveanythingtobewashedtod
ay?(区别主被动）不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容Ihavenochancetogothe
re.被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语Sheisthelasttoleavetheroom.不定式为不
及物动词时，须加介词Heislookingforaroomtolivein.1.Theho
useisnotbigenoughforusall_______.A.toliveinB.tobel
ivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmet
heknife_______?A.tocutthefruitwithB.tocutthefruit?C
.cuttingthefruitD.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomething
importanttosay.pleasefindapieceofpaper（写上
）4.Excuseme，couldIuseyourpenforamoment？Ihavenopen
（写）towriteontowritewith动词不定式做定语
注意：?如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就应有必要的介词。如：Heislookingforaroomtolivei
n．Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith．(5)作状语表示目的、原因、结果或条件。I
cameheretoseeyou．Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews．Heh
urriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.Tolookathim，youw
ouldlikehim．(目的)(原因)(结果)(条件)动名词（gerund）一.动名词的基本构成havi
ngbeendonehavingdone完成式beingdonedoing一般式被动语态主动语态二.动名
词的性质动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点，具体表现为：1.动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰Ihopeyoudon
’tmindmysayingit.2.动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语Areyoufororagainstha
vingthemeeting.Iinsistedonleavingatonce.三.动名词的功用1.可作主语
①SeeingisbelievingReadingnewspaperscanincreaseourknowledg
e.nouseno
goodnofun②It`s+ashame
+doingawasteof
time/moneyuseless
dangerous ③Thereisno+doing...①Itisnousecrying.
②Itisnogoodobjecting③Lookingafterthepatientsisanurse`s
job.④It`sdangerousplayingwithfire.⑤It`sawasteoftim
ecopyingother`shomework.⑥Thereisnojokingaboutthem
atter.2.可作宾语①S.+vt.+doingHaveyoufinishedreadingthebook?Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的这类动词有：避免错过(少)延期avoidmissdelay/postpone建议完成(多)练习suggest/advisefinishpractise喜欢想象禁不住enjoy/appreciate/imagine/resist/can`thelp承认否定(与)嫉妒admitdenyenvy逃脱冒险(莫)原谅escape/envy/risk/pardon/excuse忍受保持(不)在意standkeep/keeponmind注：在动词advise,allow,forbid(禁止)，permit（允许）等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。例如Wedon’tallowpeopletofishhere.我们不准人们在这儿钓鱼。Peoplearenotallowedtofishhere.人们不准在这儿钓鱼。prefer…..to…..lookforwardtobeusedtoputoffgiveupS.+keepon+doingsucceedincan`thelpfeellikebebusybeworthhavedifficulty/trouble/problem(in)②作介词/短语动词的宾语:S.+v.+prep.+doinge.g.①Shesattherewithout(speak)②Ilookforwardto(see)himagain.③Areyouusedto(live)therealone?④Whenmyfatherheardthenews,hecouldn''thelp(laugh).⑤Idon`tfeellike(go)toseethefilm.⑥Hewasbusy(prepare)hislessons. |
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