一.定语从句的基本定义二.关系词的分类who,whomthatwhose2.关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用w
hich的5种情况(2)用who不用that的情况(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点(4)从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致
巩固练习1：用定语从句合并句子根据从句中的动词搭配Thisisthebook___whichyouasked.
注意：动词短语不能拆，即介词不提前我照顾的那个老人好多了。TheoldmanafterwhomIamlook
ingisbetter.TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.根据
从句中的形容词搭配Hetoldmesomereferencebooks____whichIamnotver
yfamiliar.Thisisourclassroom,inthefrontofwhichthere
isateacher’sdesk.介词+关系代词=关系副词Mygrandpawasbornin1939
________theWorldWarⅡbrokeout.KunMingisabeautifulplac
e_______flowersareseenalltheyearround.Thesong,________
weareinterestedwillbebroadcasttonight.Heisthehero____
____weareproud.Thisisthecollege________we’llvisitafam
ousactor.Theearth________weliveisabigroundball.Theea
rthisround,___weallknow.___isknowntoall,theearthis
round.___isknowntoallthattheearthisround.六.1.非限制性定语从
句的定义2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别3.as/which引导非限制性定语从句的区别Doyoulike
thebook________shespent$10?Doyoulikethebook______
__shepaid$10?Doyouliketheteacher__________shelearneda
lot?Doyouliketheteacher___________wearetalkinghas
goneabroad?Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_
_______hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.onwhichforwhi
chfromwhomaboutwhomofwhich介词+关系代词的使用先行词是theway，意为“方
式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词用that/inwhich或省略。Ididn''tliketheway____
___________shetalkedtome.Theway_________________he
teachesEnglishisinteresting.（that/inwhich）（that/in
which）5.先行词为theway，关系词的使用关系代词as引导1.先行词与such,thesame连用或先行词
本身就是thesame,such时，要用as。Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerareno
wadays.WouldyouliketobuythesamepenasIhave?2.代替整个句子，在
从句中作主语，而从句位于句首时，要用as。Asiswellknown,theearthgoesaroundthe
sun.asAsIt定语从句在句首时只能用as，as具有正如之意，动词一般较固定as的使用/whichBei
ngavolunteerissuchaprivilege____weallwanttohave.Bein
gavolunteerissuchaprivilege____weallwanttohaveit.as
thatas的使用五.关系副词when,where和why的用法五.关系副词的基本用法原因状语表原因的名
词why地点状语表地点的名词/名词词组where时间状语表时间的名词/名词词组when充当从句的成分指代的先行词
关系副词用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：I
stillrememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)IfirstcametoNanjing
.Myfatherwasbornintheyearwhen(=inwhich)WorldWarⅡbr
okeout.1.when1.when用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，
where可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：Thisisthefarmwhere(=onwhich)weworke
dwhenwewereyoung.Theschoolwhere(=inwhich)hismotherte
achesisinthewestofthecity.2.where2.where用关系副词why时
，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：Thereareseveralreaso
nswhy(=forwhich)theboysshouldbepunished.Tomcouldn’tgi
vetheteacherthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewaslateforschoo
l.3.why3.why4.关系副词的用法注意点(1)当先行词为time，表示“次数”时，应用关系词that或
省略。如：Thisisthefirsttime(that)thepresidenthasvisitedthe
country.(2)当point,situation,case等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合”等意思时，其后常由wh
ere引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如：Canyouthinkofasituationwherethis
phrasecanbeused?4.关系副词的用法注意点巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空1)October1,
1949wastheday______(________)Chinawasfounded.
2)Beijingistheplace______(__________)Ilive.
3)Isthisthereason____(________)hedidn’twantto
seeme?whenonwhichwhereinwhichwhyforwhich巩固练习：用适当的关系词
填空4)Isthistheroom______(________)wewerelivi
nglastwinter?5)Thedaysaregone_____(________
____)weused“foreignoil”.6)Yesterday,wehadameeting
______(________)wediscussedmanyproblems.wherein
whichwhenduringwhichatwhichwhere对比练习：用适当的关系词填空1.The
room___________________heoncelivedisstillthere.The
room___________________Ihavetocleaneverydaybelongstomy
mother.where/inwhich(that/which)对比练习：用适当的关系词填空2.Iwillne
verforgettheday_______________Imetyou.Iwillneve
rforgettheday______________wespenttogether.when/onwhich
(that/which)Thereason_____________Idon’tknowiskno
wntohim.(that/which)why/forwhich3.Thereason_____________
___Idon’tknowthethingisthatIwasnotthereatt
hattime.I’llneverforgetthedays_____________weworkedtog
ether.I’llneverforgetthedays__________wespenttogether.I
wenttotheplace______________Iworkedtenyearsago.Iwent
totheplace__________Ivisitedtenyearsago.Thisisthereas
on_____________hewaslate.Thisisthereason__________hega
ve.when/inwhich(that/which)where/inwhich(which/that)why
/forwhichthat/which及物动词及物动词及物动词六.非限制性定语从句1.非限制性定语从句的定义
非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔开。不
用that引导Mywatch,whichisveryold,stoppedagain.2.限制性定语从句与非限
制性定语从句的区别(1)限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从
句则不然。试比较：ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread.Thisisagood
book,whichiseasytounderstand.(2)限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词，而非限制
性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一般用关系代词as或which引导。(4)在非限制性定语从句
中，不能省略关系代词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。(3)限制性定语从句可以用关系代词that引导，而非限制性定语从句则不能。(
5)关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词前可以有被介词短语所修饰的词。如：(6)在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词还可以
作介词的宾语。Hehastwodaughters,theelderofwhomismarried.Heis
ill,inspiteofwhichhekeepsonstudying.3.关系代词as,which引导非
限制定语从句时的区别(1)as和which都可指主句的整个意思，而不是主句中的某一个词。as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前
，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般置于主句之后。如：Theweatherturned
outtobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.Asis
knowntoall,themoontravelsroundtheearth.(2)as多用于下列习惯用语中
asanybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那样asiswellknown=asisknow
ntoall众所周知aswehadexpected正如我们所预料的那样asoftenhapp
ens正如经常发生的那样ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述asism
entionedabove正如上面提到的一.定语从句的基本定义放在名词或代词后面，
由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。eg.Theboyw
hoisreadingisTom.先行词关系代词Hospitalisaplacewhereadocto
rworks.先行词关系副词先行词和关系词的关系1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.3.Theb
oywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.4.
TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.themachine=that
theboy=whotheboy’s=whoseintheschool=where关系代词实际上是先行词的复
指关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词Jointhefollowingsentences
:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneis
canfly.关系代词的实质themachin
eamachinethat/whichTheladyisGreen.Wesawheryesterday.
herTheladywesawyesterdayisG
reenWho/that关系代词实际上代替的就是先行词二.关系词的分类关系代
词2.关系副词关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：that,which,who
,whom,whose关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：when,where,why三.关系代词的基本
用法和注意点1.关系代词的基本用法三.1.关系代词的基本用法定语人或物whose主语、宾语、表语人或物tha
t主语、宾语物which宾语人whom主语、宾语人who充当从句的成分指代的先行词关系代词①who指人
,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。Theman(who)Italkedwithisourteache
r.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.②whom指人,在定语从句中作
宾语，可省略。Theman(whom)InoddedtoisMr.Li.③which指物，在定语从句中作
主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyea
r.Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.whichHe
istheman(that)Itoldyouabout.④that指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，
可省略。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.⑤whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。不可
省略。Weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.Thisisthelitt
legirlwhoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.2.关系代
词的用法注意点(1)that和which都可以指物，但以下5种情况只能用that不能用which。①当先行词中有人又有物时
。如：Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabo
ut?②当先行词为不定代词all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,
nothing,nobody,none等时。如：ThisisallthatIwantfromtheschoo
l.④当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathas
beenbuiltinthiscity.⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：ThefirstlessonthatI
learnedwillneverbeforgotten.③当先行词被only,just,very,right,
last等修饰时。如：ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfortheseday
s.(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。①先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时
。如：Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.②先行词为those,he和people时。如
：Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.Hewhodoesn
otreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点①w
hose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。②whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：Theboss
inwhosedepartmentheworkedhadheardthenews.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这
个消息。④whose的先行词指物时，可用ofwhich代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich
，或=ofwhich+the+名词。如：Thenovelwhosetitle(=thetitleof
which或ofwhichthetitle)isRedandBlackisveryinteresting.③
whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。⑤whose的先行词指人时，可用ofwhom代替，但语序不同，即wh
ose+名词=the+名词+ofwhom，或=ofwhom+the+名词。如：Theboywhosemo
ther(=themotherofwhom或ofwhomthemother)isadoctorismy
friend.(4)关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：Thosewhoare
againsttheplanputupyourhands.Tomisoneofthestudentswh
owerepraisedbytheteacheryesterday.Tomistheonlyoneoft
hestudentswhowaspraisedbytheteacheryesterday.Thescienti
stwhowemetyesterdayisveryfamous
whomintheworld.
that﹨(2)Thedressisnew.S
heiswearingit.Thedresswhichsheiswearingisnew.
that﹨(1)Thescientistisvery
famousintheworld.Wemetheryesterday.巩固练习：1.用定语从句合并
句子(3)Heisthekindperson.Ihaveeverworkedwithhim
.(4)Thisisthebestfilm.Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.Heis
thekindpersonwhoIhaveeverworkedwith.
whomthat
﹨Thisisthebestfilmtha
tIhaveeverseen.﹨(wh
ich/that)who/thatwhosewhich/thatwho,that,whom,which,wh
oseIhaveafriend___________likeslisteningtotheclassical
music.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_____________I
gaveher.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeagoodf
ootballplayer.Kateisreadingabook____________istoodiffic
ultforher.1.Thegirl__________isstandingnexttoourteacher
isherdaughter.2.Thegirl_________________ourteacheris
talkingwithisafamoussinger.3.Thegirl________mothe
risateachercanspeakEnglishverywell.4.Ican’tfind
thebook____________isborrowedfromthelibrary.5.Ican’tfindthebook________________youlenttome.who/that(who/whom/that)whosewhich/that(that/which)巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空巩固练习2：用适当的关系词填空Thefamily_____________I’mstayingwithlivesintown.Iknowthestudent______articlewaspublished.Betty,_____hasneverbeenabroad,isstudyingEnglishverywell.Myparentsliveinahouse____________ismorethan100yearsold.Theboywith_____Johnspokeismybrother.Luckilynoneofthepeople______Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.(which/that)whosewho?thatwhich/thatwhomwhom?省略介词+whom/which如何判断介词for如何判断介词with根据先行词与介词搭配如何判断介词inwhichwheninwhichwhereinwhichofwhominwhichonwhichExercise |
|
