高考英语短文改错解题技巧
考点1.名词
命题特点:本来用复数,却用单数.改正方法:(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份;(2)根据上下文的逻辑关系.
详解：
1.Shesaidthatsheandmyschoolmateallwishedmesuccess.
2.Afterclasswebecomestrangeratonce.
3.TheywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothatI’llgetmarksinallmysubject.
4.OnthewayupIwasbusytakingpicturesincethescenerywassobeautiful.
5.Thereareadvantageforstudentstoworkwhilestudyingatschool.
6.Hehadnoideasthatthekitchenwasnotforguests.
7.Ilookedathisotherhands.
考点2.代词
命题特点：
1.女性代词指代男性或相反；2.单数指代复数；3.代词词性误用。
改正方法：联系上下文的逻辑关系。
代词的错误特点：
1.人称代词的偷换错误2.缺少人称代词的错误3.人称代词数的一致问题4.人称代词格的一致问题
详解：
8.TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.
9.Ihaveagoodfriendwho’snameisLiuMei.
10.Itwasaboutnoonwhenwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.Thethreeofthemwereveryexcited.11.SoonIbegantoenjoytalkingtomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmeinsimpleEnglish.
12.OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher.
13.Somestudentsmayalsosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.
14.Itookitinmeandwewalked.
考点3.介词
命题特点及改正方法：介词涉及搭配错误，因此可从以下方面确定错误：1）介词的基本用法；2）习惯搭配；3）动词词类确定错误，如talk,,serve,wait等。
介词的错误：
介词短语常常考，固定搭配要记牢。介词后边跟宾语，结合语境细推敲。
详解：
15.Wedonotseemtogetmuchtimetotalkabouttogether.
16.IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.
17.ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslateanythingintoEnglish.
18.We’lltalkwithourplanfortheweekendoverdinner.
19.Iamwritingtothankyouwithyourkindhelp.
20.Hewaslookingforaglassthecupboard.
21.Eachtheselinesstandsforatroubleinmylife.?
考点4时态
命题特点及改正方法：现在时与过去时的误用，句中一般没有时间状语。每年都考。要注意联系上下文，着眼于整个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去，突然一个句子用现在时。其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。
详解：
22.Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkathome;theywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothat---
23.Thetimepassesquickly.Eveningcame.
24.Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.
25.Idon’tknowthattheydon’tliketotalkwithme.Sometimes,wetalkedtoeachotherverywellinclass.
26.Iwillwriteagainandsendyouthephotoswetaketogether.
27.WehadguestslastnightwhohavenotstayedinaB&Bhotelago.
考点5.and\but\or误用及前后不一致
命题特点：主要考查and、or、but、so等并列连词的误用。However与although/though不能同时出现
改正方法；1）根据句意确定误；2）根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误。
详解：
28.Sheissmilingatmebutnoddingatme.
29.Itlooksasifmyparentstreatmeasavisitorandaguest.
30.Thefoodwasexpensiveandtheservicewasgood.
31.Icameintothelivingroomandsawoneofthemjustgothroughthekitchendoorbutturnonthelight.
32.Wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.
33.Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.
考点6.从句连词
命题特点及改正方法：句子结构方面的错误主要涉及句子成份和复合句的关联词等。解答这类题从以下方面来思考：1）句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）复合句中从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。
平行结构常使用等立连词and,but,or或连词词组notonly…butalso…,either…or…,neither…nor…遵循就近原则。
主语+With,togetherwith,aswellas,besides，动词与主语一致
and，but,or,also前后动词时态不一致。(具有对称性）
详解：
34.Itwasaboutnoonwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.
35.Idon’tknowthattheydon’tliketotalkwithme.
36.ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslateeverythingintoEnglish.
37.Whatthingsareinotherhomes,Iwonder.
38.Earningtheirownmoneyallowsthemtospendonanythingasiftheyplease.
39.Theydidnotwantbreakfastbecausethattheyweregoingoutearlyinthemorning.
考点7.冠词
命题特点及改正方法：英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：1）不定冠词a和an互改；2）不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；3）根据需要增删冠词。
详解：
40.Aseveryoneknows,it’sfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimals.
41.Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof,but---
42.OnThursdayIwillhavetodecidewhatIwanttodooveraweekend.
43.Ihopeyou’vehadpleasantjourneyhome
考点8.形容词和副词
命题特点及改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。1）根据adj.或adv.的基本用法确定错误；2）修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；3）修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。
详解：
44.Iwoulddescribemyselfasshyandquietly.
45.TherehavebeenreportsinAmericaaboutpeopletryingtostealpersoninformationforbadpurposes.
46.FindinginformationontheNetiseasily.
47.SowhatIlearnedfromthejobwasmuchmoreimportantaswhatIearned.
48.Mypronunciationwasterribly.
49.Theycamebacklatelyandhadsometea.
考点9.非谓语动词
命题特点改正方法：1）谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用；2）动词不定式和动名词的错用；3）现在分词和过去分词的错用等。
详解：
50.Earningtheirownmoneyallowthemtospendonanythingastheyplease.
51.MyparentswilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.
52.SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmyselfinsimpleEnglish.
53.Wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.
54.Somestudentsmayalsotosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.
短文改错口诀
动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副；非谓语，细辨别，习惯用法要记住；句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注；
冠词连词常光顾
详解：
一、动词形：主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。动词形常见错误：
1）一般过去时与一般现在时错用。
2）第三人称单数形式错用。第三人称单数：Is/was
2）and，but,or,also前后动词时态不一致。(具有对称性）
4）主谓不一致。
5）缺少谓语动词1.主谓宾结构
缺少be动词2、主系表结构（am/is/are/was/were）
6）主动语态与被动语态错用wash-iswashed
7）Usedto的运用错误
二、名词数：指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。改正方法：
１）根据名词前的修饰限定成份．２）根据上下文的逻辑关系．
三、还要注意形和副：注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。命题特点及改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。根据adj或adv的基本用法确定错误；修饰系动词(am/is/are/was/were)或名词用形容词；修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。
四、非谓语，细辨别：这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词，动名词和不定式错误。1）不定式todo2）动名词doing作主语、宾语3）and连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时）4）现在分词和过去分词的区别等
五、习惯用法要记住：主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。
六、句子成分多分析：不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。
七、逻辑错误须关注：与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的张冠李戴。
八、冠词连词常光顾：常考的错误形式有：连词but，and，or和so的用法错误，以及冠词的用法错误等。
?四不改:
①标点符号不改。
②大小写不改。
③词序错误不改（不是不改，而是按错词或少词来改)。
④在纲外生词不改。文中出现带汉语注释的词，在句中不可能用错
答案
1（schoolmate改为schoolmates）2（stranger改为strangers）3（subject改为subjects）
4（picture改为pictures）5（advantage改为advantages）6（ideas改为idea）7（hands改为hand）
8(his改为their)9(who’s改为whose)10（them改为us）11（me改为myself）12（showed后加it）
13（our改为their）14（me改为mine）15去掉about）16.（去掉at）17（去掉was后的in）18（with改为about）19（with改为for）20（glass后加in）21（each后加of）22（did改为do）23（passes改为passed）
24（reads改为read）25（talked改为talk）26.（take改为took）27.（have改为had）28.（but改为and）29.（and改为or）30（and改为but）31（but改为and）32（visiting改为visited）33（reads改为read）
34（noon后加when）35（that改为why）36（去掉that前的in）37（What改为How）38（去掉if）39（去掉that）40（famous前加a）41（a改为the）42（a改为the）43（had后加a）44（quietly改为quiet）45（person改为personal）46（easily改为easy）47（as改为than）48（terribly改为terrible）49（lately改为late）50（allow改为allows）51（make前加to）52（talk改为talking）53（visiting改为visited）54（去掉to）
(一)WhenIwalkedintotheclassroom,theteacherwashandinginthetests.
Iwasfeelingverynervous.Ihadstudied?atallattheweekend
asIhadthoughtitwouldbeeasytest.?Iwentthroughthetestformanytimes
butIcouldonlyanswer??threeoutfromthetwentyquestions.Ididnotwanttofail
theexam.Then,Iputmybookundermydesk,openingit?andstartedlooking
fortheanswer.Theteacherwasn''t?lookingatme,butIcopiedsomething.
Suddenly,Ifeltahand?onmyshoulder!Theteachercaughtmecheating.Idon''t
knowwhattosay.Luckily,theteacherdidnotpunishfor?cheatingbutinstead
gavemeasecondchance.
（二）Ihaveagoodfriendwho’snameisLiuMei.Sheisour?monitorandoneof
theexcellentstudentsinourclass.??Cleverassheis,butshewordsveryhard.
Wehavea?lotoncommonandhavealottotalk.Oneeveningshe?toldme
thatsomethinghappenedwhenherparentswasout.Shewasdoingherhomeworks
oneSundaymorningwhen?shesmeltsomethingburning.Shestoppedlookout
ofthewindowandfindacloudofsmokecomingoutofherneighbor’shouse.
Shecalled119immediate.Tenminuteslater,thefiremencameandputoutfire.
Herneighbor?wasverythankfulforherhelp.
（三）Ioftendreamof?ateacher,Idreamofstandingontheplatformintheclassroom
andgivelessonstolovelyboysandgirls.Iteachthem,playwiththem,butwatchthem
growingup.IamalwaysyoungwhenIwasstayingwiththem.Iknowthereis
noteasytobeateacher.You?havetolearninordertoteach.Withoutenoughknowledges,
youcanneverlearnwell.Whatismore,youhavetobefriendswithyourpupilsand
takegoodcareofhim.?Onlyinthiswaycanyoubegoodteacherandwinrespectfromthem.ThoughIamastudentnow,Iwillworkasveryhardtomakemydreamcometrue.
（四）Itisapleasureformetowritethislettertotellhowmuch?Ienjoyedmystay
inyourwholefamilylastweek.ThiswasmyfirstvisittoaEnglishfamily.
Atfirst,Iwasworriedaboutmy?poorEnglish.AndwhenIsawyourwife
andchildrenwaitingformewithwarmsmileofwelcomeontheirfaces.
Iimmediatelyknewthateverythingwouldbeallright.Therearemanymore
happymemoriesoftheweekthatIwillkeepthemwithmeforever.Iparticularly
enjoyeddrivingthroughthecountrysidewithyouandsawthe?changingcolors
oftheleavesonthetrees.Ialsolikethe?fishingtrip.Itwassuchmuchfun.
（五）IstillremembermymiddleschoollifeinTianjinyet.Iwastheninaschool
forstudentsfromTibet.Aswewerealllefthomeatearlyage,wemetlotsof
problemsinourdailylife.We?hadtodothewashing,cleaningandshoppingbyus.
However,weseldomfeltlonelyorhelplessly.Weenjoyedourhappylife.Atweekends,
wewouldplaybasketball,swimminginthepool,orgoforapicnic.Wewerelivinginabig
family.Wetreateachotherasbrothersandsisters.Ifanyoneofyouhadany?difficulty
inourlifeandstudy,theotherwouldhelphimout.Ithasbeenfiveyearswhenwegraduated,
butthosememories?areassweetaseverbefore.
（六）Duringthesummerof2001,IstartedreadbooksinEnglish,mostlystories.
Iwouldlearnalotofnew?wordsfromthesebooks,butIhadterriblyproblems
memorizingthem.Ihadtolookuptothesamewordmanytimes,forwhichwas
quitetroublesome.Irealized?Idoneedawaytorememberallthisvocabulary.
Itwas?agreatachievementformyself.Istartedwritingdownwordsfrombooks
thatIread.Iwouldcomebackfrom?school,andthensitforanhourandtwo.
Iwrotedownnewwordsandaddedittomycollection.Bytheendoflastyear,
mycollectionhasgrownto3,000words.
（七）Thisisastorytoldbymyfather:“WhenIwasboy,???themostexcitingthing
waswhentocelebratetheSpringFestival.Mygrandmawasthebestcooker
intheworld?butcouldmakethemostdeliciousdishes.Onetime,Ijust?couldn’t
waitfortheSpringFestivaldinner.AsIwas?abouttakeapiecefromacooked
duck,IsawGrandmainthekitchenlookingatme.Shakeherhead,shesaid,
‘It?isn''tagoodtimetodothat,dear.’AtonceIapologize?andcontrolledme
atmybesttillthedinnerstarted.Youknow,thatwasadinnerwehadwaited
forseveralmonth.”
（）Thereareadvantageforstudentstoworkwhile?studyatschool.
Oneofthemwasthat?theycanearnmoney.Forthemostpart,
studentsworkingtoearnmoneyfortheirown?use.Earningtheir
ownmoneyallowthem?tospendonanythingasiftheyplease.
Theywouldhavetoasktheirparentsformoneyorforpermission
todothingsby??themoney.Somestudentsmayalsotosave
upforourcollegeorfutureuse.
（九）DearMr.Brown,
Iamwritingtothankyouwithyourkindhelp.??Beforeyoucametoteachus,
Ihadnotinterestin?English.Mypronunciationwasterribly.Icould
onlyspeakafewwords.Butoneandahalfyearlater.?InowthinkEnglish
funtolearn.Igotalotoffromyour?encouragingwords.Iwillalwaysremember
whatyou?said,“Ifyoutryto,youcanbeNo.1!”Ihopeyou’vehadpleasant
journeyhomeandwillcometoChina?againsometimesinthefuture.Iwill
writeagain?andsendyouthephotoswetaketogether.
Yourssincerely,LiMin
（十）Dearfriends,
Itisrealagoodchancetohavemetallofyouhere.?Wehavespentseveral
preciousweekendinlearninginthe?EnglishClub.Althoughwehavebeen
memberforashort?periodoftime,wehavemadeagreatprogress.Thatis
becauseweareallverymuchactiveandtheactivitiesarenotonlyenjoyable
andalsohelpful,Besides,theforeignteachershereworkhardandtryhisbestto
maketheactivitieslivelyandinterested.Iamverypleasedtosaythatallof
usgreatlyimprovedourspokenEnglishsofar.Iamlookingforwardtoseeall
ofyouagaininthenearfuture!
Thankyou.
专练1答案
（1）第一行：in改为out?第二行：had后加not第三行：easy前加an；去掉for?
第四行：from改为of?第五行：opening改为opened；answer改为answers??
第六行：but改为so?第七行：don’t改为didn’t??第八行：punish后加me??????????
（2）第一行：who’s改为whose.第二行：去but第三行：on改为in；talk后加about
第四行：was改为were；homeworks改为homework
第五行：stopped后加to第六行：find改为found
第七行：immediate改为immediately第八行：去掉the
（3）第一行：dream后加being/becoming第二行：give改为giving；but改为and?
第三行：was改为am；there改为it?第四行：knowledges改为knowledge/learning
第五行：learn改为teach第六行：him改为them；be后加a第七行：去掉as
（4）第一行：me改为you第二行：in改为with；a改为an第三行：But/Yet
第四行：smile改为smiles第五行：去more第六行：去掉them
第七行：saw改为seeing第八行：like改为liked；such改为so????????????????????.
（5）第一行：去yet.第二行：去were；early前加an
第三行：us改为ourselves第四行；helpless第五行：swimming改为swim
第六行：treat改为treated；you改为us第七行：other改为others；when改为since
（6）第一行：read改为reading，或前加to第二行：terribly改为terrible.
第三行：去掉to；去掉for第四行：do改为did第五行：myself改为me；books前加the
第六行：and改为or第七行：it改为them第八行：has改为had
（7）第一行：boy前加a.第二行：去掉when；cooker改为cook
第三行：but改为and；第四行：wait后加for；take前加to第五行：Shake改为Shaking
第六行：apologize改为apologized；me改为myself第八行：month改为months
（8）第一行：advantage改为advantages；study改为studying第二行：was改为is????
第三行：working改为work第四行：allow改为allows；去掉if
第五行：would后加not第六行：by改为with；去掉to第七行：our改为their???????????????????????????????????
(9)第一行：with改为for第二行：not改为no；terribly改为terrible
第三行：year改为years；English后加is第四行：去掉of
第五行：去掉to；pleasant前加a第六行：sometimes改为sometime第七行：take改为took
(10)第一行：real改为really第二行：weekend改为weekends
第三行：member改为members；去掉第二个a第四行：去掉much
第五行：and改为but；his改为their第六行：interested改为interesting
第七行：greatly前加have；see改为seeing
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