高考新题型短文改错题型分析1.做题原则四不改：单词拼写错误不改；大小写不改；词序错误不改（应从错词或少词方面考虑）；标点符号不改。五原则：忠
实原文原则（不改变原文的意愿）；错误的以改动最少为原则；虚词以添加或删除为原则；实词以改变形式为原则；以多改少添加或删除为原则。2
.短文改错的命题特征（1）试题的立意特征短文改错中的错误虽然大部分都是所谓“语法”错误，但是，这种试题并不是单纯检测写作的成效需
要良好的写作程序的支持，而在写作程序中，校验能力是不可缺少的要素。把短文改错当作语法练习是对高考中短文改错的误解。（2）试题的情景
特征语言材料通常取自学生自己的作品，或类似学生的作品；内容来自学生身边的常见话题；篇章结构的难易程度符合学生的实际水平；语言明白易
懂；基本上不涉及生僻的语言现象和繁难的语句结构。（3）试题的设问特征设问的角度有三个：词法、句法和行文逻辑。从这三个角度考查学生在
语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性错词情况中，涉及动词的情况最多多词错误中，多余的主要是介词；少词错误中，主要涉及介词或冠词3.全国卷
Ⅰ卷近六年考点分布考点年份动词名词形容词或副词代词冠词连词介词词形变换数词2019年212112012018年2121121002
017年2130111012016年2011131102015年3121111002014年1140111102013年21211
2100例题精讲：1.OneofthebiggestculturaldifferenceInoticedwhile
IwasinLondonwaswhythepeopleofLondonconductedthemselv
es.Itseemedthattheytookmanyprideintheircountry.Ials
onoticethattheyalwaysseemedtodresswell,andalwayshad
theirhairandmakeupdo.Idon''tthinkIsawonepersoninswea
tpantsduringtheirwholetrip!AttimesIfoundithardertoma
kethechangebeingintheUStobeinginLondon.I''vefoundout
thatAmericansareloud!EvenatthepubsandclubsinLondon,I
feltlikethatwewerealoudestones!答案：Oneofthebiggestcultu
ralInoticedwhileIwasinLondonwasthepeopleofLondonc
onductedthemselves.Itseemedthattheytookprideintheirco
untry.Ialsothattheyalwaysseemedtodresswell,andalways
hadtheirhairandmakeup.Idon''tthinkIsawonepersonin
sweatpantsduringwholetrip!AttimesIfoundittomakethe
changebeingintheUStobeinginLondon.I''vefoundoutthat
Americansareloud!EvenatthepubsandclubsinLondon,Ifelt
thatwewereloudestones!2.HiSandra，You''llneverguessoverI
''mwritingthisemailfromacave!We''reonholidayinSpainnow.
WespentafewdaysinBarcelonafirst.It''sagreatplacebutw
ehadagoodtimethoughIdidn''tfeelwelloneday.Anyway,afte
rweleftBarcelona,wecometospendseveraldaysinGranada.An
dguesswhat?Wecouldn''tfindahotelbecausetherewerequitea
lotoftourist.Thensomeonesaid,“Whynottryingthecavedwe
llings(住宅)here？”Wethoughthewasjoking,butherewewererea
llyinacavedwellingandit''swonderfully.Tomorrowwe''regoing
tovisitapalaceinGranada.We''reenjoyingitverymuchthatw
edon''twanttoleavethisamazedplace.We''renevergoingtohav
eenoughtimeexploreeverything!Takecare!Ben答案：HiSandra，You''l
lneverguessI''mwritingthisemailfromacave!We''reonholid
ayinSpainnow.WespentafewdaysinBarcelonafirst.It''sag
reatplacewehadagoodtimethoughIdidn''tfeelwelloneday.
Anyway,afterweleftBarcelona,wetospendseveraldaysinGr
anada.Andguesswhat?Wecouldn''tfindahotelbecausetherewer
equitealotof.Thensomeonesaid,“Whynotthecavedwellin
gs(住宅)here？”Wethoughthewasjoking,butherewereallyina
cavedwellingandit''s.Tomorrowwe''regoingtovisitapalace
inGranada.We''reenjoyingitmuchthatwedon''twanttoleavet
hisplace.We''renevergoingtohaveenoughtimeexploreeveryt
hing!Takecare!Ben【例题精讲】Itisessentialtotakeanusefulsummer
vacationaftertheexam.Therearemanykindsofactivityforus
totakepart.First,wecanvisitourrelativesandfriendsor
spendahappilytimewithourfamily.Second,seeingafilm,list
eningtomusicorhangoutwithourfriendswillalsobeexcited.
Third,weshouldtakemoreexercisetokeephealthy.What''smore
,we''dbettertoreviewwhatwehadlearnedatschool.Finally,i
tisnecessaryofustodosomehousework,thatcanhelpourpare
ntsalot.Aboveall,Ihopeallofuscanhaveapleasantvacatio
n.答案：Itisessentialtotakeusefulsummervacationafterthee
xam.Therearemanykindsofforustotakepart.First,weca
nvisitourrelativesandfriendsorspendatimewithourfamil
y.Second,seeingafilm,listeningtomusicoroutwithourfri
endswillalsobe.Third,weshouldtakemoreexercisetokeeph
ealthy.What''smore,we''dbetterreviewwhatwelearnedatscho
ol.Finally,itisnecessaryustodosomehousework,canhelp
ourparentsalot.Aboveall,Ihopeallofuscanhaveapleasant
vacation.Inmysparetime，Ioftenreadsomebookswrittenbyfam
ouswritersinorabroad.IeverreadChina''sFourGreatClassica
lnovelsuchasJourneytotheWest.Beside，IenjoyreadingTang
poetry.IhavebeenwritingfromIwasnineyearsold.Iamrememb
erthefirsttimemyparentsandItalkedaboutmydreamofbecom
ingwriter.Theylaughedouthappywhentheyreadtheshortstory
Iwriteaboutrobots.Theythinkthatmystoryiswellworthrea
dandthatIamgoodatwriting.IbelieveIwillachievetheird
ream.答案：Inmysparetime，Ioftenreadsomebookswrittenbyfam
ouswritersinabroad.IeverreadChina''sFourGreatClassical
suchasJourneytotheWest.，IenjoyreadingTangpoetry.Ihave
beenwritingIwasnineyearsold.Irememberthefirsttimem
yparentsandItalkedaboutmydreamofbecomingwriter.Theyl
aughedoutwhentheyreadtheshortstoryIaboutrobots.They
thinkthatmystoryiswellworthandthatIamgoodatwriting.
IbelieveIwillachievedream.1.Therewasafarmerwhosell
apoundofbuttertoabaker.Onedaythebakerdecidedtoweight
hebuttertoseethathewasgettingapoundandhewasfoundtha
thewasnot.Thisangeredhimandhetookthefarmerfromcourt.
Thejudgeaskedfarmerifhewasusinganymeasure.Thefarmerr
eplied,“YourHonor,Iaminnocently.Idon''thaveapropermeasu
re,andIdohaveascale(秤)．”Thejudgeasked，“Thenhowdoyouw
eighthebutter？”Thefarmerreplied,“YourHonor,longbeforeth
ebakerstartedbuyingbutterfromme,Ihavebeenbuyingapound
ofbreadsfromhim.Everydaywhenthebakerbringsthebread,I
putitonthescaleandgiveherthesameweightofbutter.Ifa
nyonewastoblame,itisthebaker.”答案：Therewasafarmerwho
apoundofbuttertoabaker.Onedaythebakerdecidedtoweight
hebuttertoseehewasgettingapoundandhefoundthathewa
snot.Thisangeredhimandhetookthefarmercourt.Thejudge
askedfarmerifhewasusinganymeasure.Thefarmerreplied,“Y
ourHonor,Iam.Idon''thaveapropermeasure,Idohaveasca
le(秤)．”Thejudgeasked,“Thenhowdoyouweighthebutter？”The
farmerreplied，“YourHonor,longbeforethebakerstartedbuying
butterfromme,Ihavebeenbuyingapoundoffromhim.Everyd
aywhenthebakerbringsthebread,Iputitonthescaleandgiv
ethesameweightofbutter.Ifanyonewatoblame,itistheba
ker.”2.Myfather,whohadbeenawayonabusinesstrip,willcome
back.ImissedhimtoomuchthatIcouldn''twaittoseeinghima
tonce.Myfather''strainwouldarriveat5：30.Tomesurprise,F
athergavemethecallat5：00.Hetoldmenottomeethimatth
etrainstationbecausetheheavyrain.Therefore，Ididn''tlisten
tohim.Thoughitwasrainedcatsanddogs,butIwenttothetr
ainstation.Themomentwecaughtsightofeachother,allofus
weresoexcitedthatwehuggedeachotherwarmlyandtightly.答案
：Myfather,whohadbeenawayonabusinesstrip,comeback.Im
issedhimmuchthatIcouldn''twaittohimatonce.Myfather''s
trainwouldarriveat5：30.Tosurprise,Fathergavemecalla
t5：00.Hetoldmenottomeethimatthetrainstationbecause
theheavyrain.，Ididn''tlistentohim.Thoughitwascatsand
dogs,或Iwenttothetrainstation.Themomentwecaughtsight
ofeachother,ofusweresoexcitedthatwehuggedeachother
warmlyandtightly.Myfatherisgoodatanythingpracticallike
repairingawashingmachine.Whensomethingfailtowork,herep
airsithimself.Severaldaysbefore,therewassomethingwrongw
ithourwatermeter(水表).Myfatherfindstheproblemwasthedea
dbattery.Thesuggestingwaywastofixanewwatermeter,that
wouldcost400yuan.Aftertakethewatermeterapart,myfather
thoughttheproblemwaseasilytosolve.Soheboughtabatteryf
romonlinestoreanditcostonly14yuan.Withthenewbattery,
thewatermeterfinallyworked!WhenIaskedDadwhyhedidn''tca
llonarepairman,hesaidhefoundpleasuresinrepairingthings
.“Inaddition,itisasurvivalskill，”headded.答案：Myfatheris
goodatanythingpracticallikerepairingawashingmachine.Whe
nsomethingtowork,herepairsithimself.Severaldays，there
wassomethingwrongwithourwatermeter(水表).Myfatherthepr
oblemwasthedeadbattery.Thewaywastofixanewwatermeter
,wouldcost400yuan.Afterthewatermeterapart,myfathert
houghttheproblemwastosolve.Soheboughtabatteryfromonl
inestoreanditcostonly14yuan.Withthenewbattery,thewat
ermeterfinallyworked!WhenIaskedDadwhyhedidn''tcallar
epairman,hesaidhefoundinrepairingthings.“Inaddition,it
isasurvivalskill，”headded.Myfamilymovedtothiscitywhen
Iwas12.Iwasn''tveryhappyatmynewschool,somyparentssu
ggestedwetakeupahobby.Theybelieved,inthatway,Icouldm
etotherchildrenwithasimilarinterest.Ichoosetennis,mainl
ybecausetherewasaclubnearourhomewhereacceptedchildren.
Itreallypaidoff,becauseIbecamequitecloselytosomechild
renImetthere,andwestillseealoteachothernow.Ididn''t
thinkI''dbegoodattennis,soIstuckatit.I''venowwonac
oupleofmatch,whichismorethanIexpected.Inafact，it''shardtobelievingI''vegottothatlevel.答案：MyfamilymovedtothiscitywhenIwas12.Iwasn''tveryhappyatmynewschool,somyparentssuggestedtakeupahobby.Theybelieved,inthatway,Icouldotherchildrenwithasimilarinterest.Itennis,mainlybecausetherewasaclubnearourhomeacceptedchildren.Itreallypaidoff,becauseIbecamequitetosomechildrenImetthere,andwestillseealoteachothernow.Ididn''tthinkI''dbegoodattennis,Istuckatit.I''venowwonacoupleof，whichismorethanIexpected.Infact,it''shardtoI''vegottothatlevel.1 |
|
