P1
BioScienceTrends
AdvancePublication
DOI:10.5582/bst.2020.01047
AdvancePublication
Letter
Breakthrough:Chloroquinephosphatehasshownapparent
efficacyintreatmentofCOVID-19associatedpneumoniain
clinicalstudies
1,22
JianjunGao,ZhenxueTian,XuYang
1
DepartmentofPharmacology,SchoolofPharmacy,QingdaoUniversity,Qingdao,China;
2
DepartmentofPharmacy,QingdaoMunicipalHospital,Qingdao,China.
SUMMARYThecoronavirusdisease2019(COVID-19)virusisspreadingrapidly,andscientistsareendeavoring
todiscoverdrugsforitsefficacioustreatmentinChina.Chloroquinephosphate,anolddrugfor
treatmentofmalaria,isshowntohaveapparentefficacyandacceptablesafetyagainstCOVID-19
associatedpneumoniainmulticenterclinicaltrialsconductedinChina.Thedrugisrecommended
tobeincludedinthenextversionoftheGuidelinesforthePrevention,Diagnosis,andTreatment
ofPneumoniaCausedbyCOVID-19issuedbytheNationalHealthCommissionofthePeople''s
RepublicofChinafortreatmentofCOVID-19infectioninlargerpopulationsinthefuture.
KeywordsCOVID-19,SARS-CoV-2,2019-nCoV,pneumonia,chloroquine
Thecoronavirusdisease2019(COVID-19)virus,than10hospitalsinWuhan,Jingzhou,Guangzhou,
emergedinDecember2019,hasspreadrapidly,Beijing,Shanghai,Chongqing,andNingbo(5).Thusfar,
withcasesnowconfirmedinmultiplecountries.Asresultsfrommorethan100patientshavedemonstrated
ofFebruary16,2020,thevirushascaused70,548thatchloroquinephosphateissuperiortothecontrol
infectionsand1,770deathsinmainlandChinaand413treatmentininhibitingtheexacerbationofpneumonia,
infectionsinJapan(1).Agreatdealofefforthasbeenimprovinglungimagingfindings,promotingavirus-
madetofindeffectivedrugsagainstthevirusinChina(2).negativeconversion,andshorteningthedisease
OnFebruary17,2020,theStateCouncilofChinaheldcourseaccordingtothenewsbriefing.Severeadverse
anewsbriefingindicatingthatchloroquinephosphate,reactionstochloroquinephosphatewerenotnotedin
anolddrugfortreatmentofmalaria,haddemonstratedtheaforementionedpatients.Giventhesefindings,a
markedefficacyandacceptablesafetyintreatingconferencewasheldonFebruary15,2020;participants
COVID-19associatedpneumoniainmulticenterclinicalincludingexpertsfromgovernmentandregulatory
trialsconductedinChina(3).authoritiesandorganizersofclinicaltrialsreached
Intheearlyinvitrostudies,chloroquinewasfoundanagreementthatchloroquinephosphatehaspotent
toblockCOVID-19infectionatlow-micromolaractivityagainstCOVID-19.Thedrugisrecommended
concentration,withahalf-maximaleffectiveforinclusioninthenextversionoftheGuidelinesfor
concentration(EC)of1.13μMandahalf-cytotoxicthePrevention,Diagnosis,andTreatmentofPneumonia
50
concentration(CC)greaterthan100μM(4).AnumberCausedbyCOVID-19issuedbytheNationalHealth
50
ofsubsequentclinicaltrials(ChiCTR2000029939,CommissionofthePeople''sRepublicofChina.
ChiCTR2000029935,ChiCTR2000029899,Chloroquineisusedtopreventandtreatmalaria
ChiCTR2000029898,ChiCTR2000029868,andisefficaciousasananti-inflammatoryagent
ChiCTR2000029837,ChiCTR2000029826,forthetreatmentofrheumatoidarthritisandlupus
ChiCTR2000029803,ChiCTR2000029762,erythematosus.Studiesrevealedthatitalsohaspotential
ChiCTR2000029761,ChiCTR2000029760,broad-spectrumantiviralactivitiesbyincreasing
ChiCTR2000029740,ChiCTR2000029609,endosomalpHrequiredforvirus/cellfusion,aswellas
ChiCTR2000029559,andChiCTR2000029542)haveinterferingwiththeglycosylationofcellularreceptorsof
beenquicklyconductedinChinatotesttheefficacySARS-CoV(6,7).Theanti-viralandanti-inflammatory
andsafetyofchloroquineorhydroxychloroquineintheactivitiesofchloroquinemayaccountforitspotent
treatmentofCOVID-19associatedpneumoniainmoreefficacyintreatingpatientswithCOVID-19pneumonia.
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