第一部分高考题型组合练
组合练6阅读理解2篇＋阅读七选五＋语法填空
(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
体裁 主题 词数 限时 记叙兼说明文 人与社会·社会服务与人际沟通 317 8分钟 AcyclingsessionatQueenMaryhomelesswomen''shostel(寄宿舍)inLondonstarts.Elevenwomendiscusswhatthey''rehopingtoachieveintoday''ssession.Thentheypushtheirbikestoabasketballcourttopractiseinanoff-roadenvironment.Supportedbyinstructors,theypractiseridingbythemselves.Sometimesthesewomenfeelalittletiredbecausetheytakemedicine,buttheyhaveallmadeuptheirmindforcyclingtraining.
LastyearQueenMaryapproachedSustrans(acharity)tosetupacyclingclubforwomen.Manyofthemhavelowlevelsoffitness.Allhavesurvivedchallengingsituationsrangingfromsocialisolation(孤立)toabusive(虐待的)relationships.Thehostelstaff,whoareexperiencedmentalhealthexperts,trytodevelopcyclingtobuildthewomen''sconfidenceandgivethemaccesstootherfieldsofsociety.Thehostelismovingawayfromtraditionaltreatmentofmentalhealthwiththebeliefthatcyclingcouldbeareallyusefultoolinhelpingthewomenliveontheirown.Afterthesuccessofa10-weekpilotproject,thecyclingclubreceivedfinancialsupportof￡10,000tocontinuetheclub.
Inmodernsociety,homelessnessandmentalhealthproblemsoftengohandinhand.Studieshaveshownthatphysicalactivity,includingwalkingandcycling,canbeusedtoovercomeandevenpreventstress,depressionandanxiety.Itcanbemoreeffectivethanmedicaltreatment.
Women,however,arelesslikelythanmentotakepartinphysicalactivity.WomenintheUKmakenearlythreetimesfewercyclingjourneysthanmen.Twomaincausesofthisaretraditionalbarriers—mostlybecausewomenstillundertakemosthouseholdtasks—andfearofjudgment.Thenetworkofbikerouteshasbeenexpandedyetthe“builditandtheywillcome”approachignoresthefactthatnotallpeoplestartfromthesamepoint.Socialinterventions(干预)areausefulwaytoachieveequalityofaccesstocycling.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙兼说明文。QueenMary无家可归妇女旅馆联合慈善组织Sustrans，成立了自行车俱乐部，为这些无家可归的女性提供骑行培训，目的是帮助她们树立自信，使她们能够重新融入社会，独立生存。
1．WhatcanwelearnaboutthewomenatQueenMary?
A．Theyarequitedetermined.
B．Theyusedtobegoodathletes.
C．Theycommittedseriouscrimes.
D．Theyteachthemselvescycling.
解析：选A细节理解题。根据第一段中“buttheyhaveallmadeuptheirmindforcyclingtraining”可知，这些女性很有决心，积极参加骑行训练。
2．What''sthemainpurposeinsettingupthecyclingclub?
A．Toraisemoneyforthepoor.
B．Toadvocatethebenefitsofcycling.
C．Tohelphomelesswomengetagoodjob.
D．Tomakehomelesswomenbetterfitintosociety.
解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thehostelstaff,whoareexperiencedmentalhealthexperts,trytodevelopcyclingtobuildthewomen''sconfidenceandgivethemaccesstootherfieldsofsociety.”可知，建立骑行俱乐部的主要目的在于帮助这些女性树立自信，融入社会的不同领域，获得独立生存的能力。
3．Whatdoestheauthorstressinthethirdparagraph?
A．Theharmofmentalproblems.
B．Thecausesofdifferentmentalstates.
C．Thevarioustreatmentsformentalillness.
D．Thepositiveeffectofsportsonmentalhealth.
解析：选D推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，本段主要介绍体育运动能够克服甚至预防精神方面的各种问题，可能比药物更有效。因此可推断本段旨在强调运动对精神健康的重要性。
4．Whatissuggestedforencouragingwomentocycle?
A．Buildingmorebikeroutes.
B．Startingpurposefulactivities.
C．Providingsupportinhousework.
D．Strengtheningeducationonequality.
解析：选B推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是“Socialinterventions(干预)areausefulwaytoachieveequalityofaccesstocycling.”可知，为了让更多的女性骑行，文中给出的建议是要进行社会干预，开展针对性的活动。
B
体裁 主题 词数 限时 说明文 人与社会·废旧衣物的重新利用 329 8分钟
(2019·南昌模拟)Fashionisahorriblething.Onedayyouarecoolwearingyourflaredjeansandthenextdayyou''reanidiot.Youhavenothingelsetodo,butputyourfavouritejeansintheshelftooutdatedshame.However,nowscientistsfromtheUniversityofNewSouthWalessaythatyourold,worn-outclothescouldbeturnedintobuildingmaterials—solidpanels(嵌板)forfloorsorwalls.
Old,unwantedclothesareactuallyahugeburdenontheenvironment.Theyusuallyendupinalandfill,wheretheyrotawaywithoutanyuseforus,atthesametimepollutingtheenvironment.Cheapthrowawayclothesproduce10milliontonsoflandfillintheUSaloneeachyear.However,wecouldcreatenewmaterialsbyshredding(撕碎)them.Scientistsfirstlyremovedzippers,buttonsandotherhardpieces,thenshreddedthisoldmessofclothingandthenaddedsomechemicalstobondthesefiberstogether.Thelaststepwasheatingandpressingthismaterialtoformsolidpanels.Theyarestrong,water-resistantandnoteasytocatchfire.Theirqualitycanbefurthertunedbyaddingsomeothermaterials,suchassawdust,oldfoam,paperandsoon.Differentmixturesresultindifferenttextures(质地)andcolors,someresemblingwood,ceramicsorstone.
Thesepanelsarestrongenoughtobeusedonthefloor,buttheirdecorativequalitiesallowthemtobeusedonwallsaswell.However,scientistsstillhavechallengestoovercomebeforeitbecomescommerciallyavailable.Thechallengeisconsistency—youwantyourwallstobeconsistentincolor,whichisdifficulttoachievewhenthematerialissodiverse.
Actually,shreddedmaterialcouldalsobeusedasaheatinsulatorforwallsofthebuildings,anditcouldbecomefillingmaterialfortoysorsomefurnitureaswell.However,turningoldclothingintoconstructionmaterialscouldbecomeabusiness,whichwoulddrivethisrecyclingprocessintoanewlevel.
5．Whatdoweknowaboutoldclothesfromparagraph1?
A．Theyarecooltowearagain.
B．Theycostalottoberecycled.
C．Theywillbefashionableintime.
D．Theycanbeconstructionmaterials.
解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“However,nowscientistsfromtheUniversityofNewSouthWalessaythatyourold,worn-outclothescouldbeturnedintobuildingmaterials—solidpanels(嵌板)forfloorsorwalls.”可知，旧衣物可以被制成建筑材料。
6．Whyshouldsomechemicalsbeaddedinmakingpanels?
A．Tostrengthenthefibers.
B．Tomakepanelswater-resistant.
C．Tocombinetheshreddedfabrics.
D．Toformdifferenttexturesandcolors.
解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段第五句“Scientistsfirstlyremovedzippers,buttonsandotherhardpieces,thenshreddedthisoldmessofclothingandthenaddedsomechemicalstobondthesefiberstogether.”可知，在制造嵌板时添加化学物质是为了让这些撕碎的布料连接在一起。
7．What''stheproblemofsolidpanelsmadefromclothes?
A．Theycanhardlybedecoratedonwalls.
B．Itishardtoproducetheminthesamecolor.
C．Itisdifficultforthemtoachievedifferentcolors.
D．Theyarenoteasytobepromotedcommercially.
解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Thechallengeisconsistency—youwantyourwallstobeconsistentincolor,whichisdifficulttoachievewhenthematerialissodiverse.”可知，用布料制成的嵌板存在的问题是色彩难以协调一致。
8．Whatmaydrivepeopletoimprovetherecyclingofoldclothing?
A．Itsoutdatedrecyclingprocess.
B．Itspotentialcommercialvalue.
C．Thecuriositytofindmoreusage.
D．Theurgetoprotecttheenvironment.
解析：选B推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“However,turningoldclothingintoconstructionmaterialscouldbecomeabusiness,whichwoulddrivethisrecyclingprocessintoanewlevel.”可推知，促使人们循环利用旧衣物的动力可能来自其潜在的商业价值。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
体裁 主题 词数 限时 说明文 人与自然·应对鲨鱼袭击 291 9分钟
(2019·)Summerisagreattimetohitthebeach,butafewEastCoastbeachgoershaverecentlyhadtheirfuninthesunturnedintoanightmare.InJulyalone,therehavebeenatleastfiveknownsharkattacksatCarolinabeaches.Althoughsharkattacksareactuallyquiterare,theseanimalsstillinspirefearinoceanwaters.__9__
Skipfeedingtime.
__10__Ofcourse,anattackcanhappenatanyhourofthedayornight,butnighttimeanditstransitionsarestatisticallytheworsttimestobeinthewater.Itisbelievedthatthelackofvisibilityduringthesehoursmakesiteasierforthesharkstomistakeyouforoneoftheirtypicalpreyanimals.
__11__
Youdon''tneedtodumpsharkrepellent(驱鲨剂)intotheseawhenyouswim,butithelpstobelessattractiveasatarget.Sincesharkstendtoattackindividuals,swimorsurfingroups.Don''twearbrightlycoloredorhigh-contrastswimwearthatisattractivetosharks,andleavetheshinyjewelryathomeincaseofbeingmistakenforthescales(鳞片)ofafish.__12__Playfullysplashing(泼打戏水)aroundresemblessharks''preyintrap.
Fightback.
Whenasharkwantstoeatyou,you''llknowinadvance:Itwillhunchitsback,loweritsfins,andrushatyouinazigzagpattern.Useyourdiveknifeoranythingelseyou''repackingtodiscourageit.__13__Ifyouarecompletelyunarmed,punchtheshark''ssupersensitivenoseorstabatitseyesorgills.Ifthesharkbitesintoyou,don''tgiveup.Getaggressiveanddosomedamagetotheshark.Itmightjustletgo.
A．Don''tactlikedinner.
B．Don''tgointothewaterindividually.
C．Alsowatchyourmovementinthewater.
D．Nevertheless,thefollowingthreeaspectscouldhelp.
E．Ifyouhaveasurfboardorbodyboard,useitasashield.
F．Ifyouactuallygettrapped,avoidirregularmovementsandsplashing.
G．Thetimeofadayhasalwaysbeenafactorinapossiblesharkattackonhumans.
9．选D根据对下文的整体理解可知，此空是一个过渡句，起到承上启下的作用，与上文形成逻辑上的转折关系，引出下文具体的应对策略，故选D项。
10．选G根据本段小标题“Skipfeedingtime.”，并结合本段的内容可推知，空处引出下文，即关注鲨鱼出没的时间，故选G项。
11．选A根据文章结构及空处所在位置可知，空处为段落小标题；结合对本段的整体理解可推知，本段主要警示人们在海边游泳时，不要太招摇，以免引起鲨鱼的注意，与选项A呼应，故选A项。
12．选C根据空后一句“Playfullysplashing(泼打戏水)aroundresemblessharks''preyintrap.”可推知，空处是对水中举动的警示，故选C项。
13．选E根据空后两句中“If”的假设可推知，空处也表示一种情况的假设；结合空后的“Ifyouarecompletelyunarmed”可推知，E项“如果你有一个冲浪板或冲浪趴板，把它当作盾牌”符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·广州调研)Afewyearsago,afteralongmorningofsightseeinginNewYork,mychildrenandItookarestonaparkbenchinCentralPark.
“Look！”mysonsaid,__14__(point)toanearbyrubbishbin.That''swhenwesawaraccoon(浣熊).Quitefeelingathomeinthebigcity,hepaidusnoattention,concentratingonlyonfindinga__15__(taste)lunch.Hesortedthroughafewoptionsbeforecomingoutwithawrappedsandwich__16__(hold)betweenhispaws.
__17__(surprise),ratherthanrunaway,hejumpeddownandwalkedcasuallytoaspotonthepath,notametrefrom__18__wesat.Thechildrenwerespellbound,astheraccoonwasprovidingbetter__19__(entertain)thananymuseum.Heglancedatus,perhapscheckingtosee__20__wewereabouttostealhislunch.
__21__delicatefingers,hepeeledbackthelayerofplasticwrapuntilthehalf-eatensandwich__22__(uncover)．
Thenhesurprisedusall.Insteadofstartingeatinghisfood,heturnedtoanearbypoolofwaterand__23__(dip)hispawsinit.Withacasualair,herubbedhispawstogetherunderwaterforamoment,brushedhisfur,andthenstartedgracefullypickingathismeal.
14．pointing考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词point与句子的谓语动词said之间没有连词，且point与其逻辑主语“myson”之间为主谓关系，所以用其现在分词形式作状语。
15．tasty考查形容词。此处修饰名词“lunch”，需用其形容词形式，所以填tasty“美味的”。
16．held考查非谓语动词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，hold和其逻辑主语“awrappedsandwich”之间是动宾关系，故此处应用其过去分词形式作后置定语。
17．Surprisingly考查副词。句意：令人吃惊的是，他跳下来然后漫不经心地走到路上的一个地点，而没有跑开，离我们坐的地方不到一米。根据句意可知，此处应用其副词形式Surprisingly修饰整个句子。
18．where考查宾语从句。根据句意并结合句子结构可知，此处应用where引导宾语从句，作介词“from”的宾语。
19．entertainment考查名词。根据空前的“better”可推知，此处应填其名词形式entertainment，意为“娱乐”，是不可数名词。
20．if/whether考查宾语从句。句意：他看了我们一眼，也许是想查看我们是否打算偷他的午餐。根据空前的“see”，并结合句意可知，此处应用if/whether“是否”引导宾语从句，作及物动词see的宾语。
21．With考查介词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处在句中作状语，意为“用”，故填With。
22．wasuncovered考查动词的时态和语态。句意：他用纤细的手指剥去塑料包装层，直到未吃完的三明治露了出来。根据该句中的“peeledback”可知，此处应用一般过去时；且“sandwich”与uncover之间为被动关系，故此处用一般过去时的被动语态。
23．dipped考查动词的时态。通读全文可知，本文叙述的是发生在过去的事情，且根据空前的“turnedto”和并列连词“and”可知，此处用一般过去时。
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