图表类型线性图（linegraph/chart）柱状图（bargraph/chart）饼状图（piegraph/chart）表格（ta
ble）流程图（processdiagram）审题要素描述对象看标题eg.SalesofCocaCola,thep
referredleisureactivitiesofAustraliankidsaged5-14.描述单位看图表
$:dollarbn:billionm:million或meterkm:kilometer%:percentage/
proportion,000s:thousand标准结构1）开头段，介绍写作目的，需包含四个要素:图表类型主要描述动词descr
ibe,show,present,depict,indicate,represent…描述对象背景信息(地点+时间)Th
elinegraphgivessomedetailedinformationaboutthewagesgrow
thrateofsomecountriesoveradecadefrom1993to2003.Thepie
chartsbelowshowthepercentageofmenandwomenwhosmokedin
theAustraliaduringa40-yearperiod,between1960and2000.2）主体
段：1+N结构1：一句话概括总趋势或总特征套句：…haveshownstrikingchanges/differences
.N:N段细节描述3）结尾段给出结论1、时间段的表达（例：1993—2003）between1993and2003f
rom1993to2003over/duringtheyears/periodbetween1993and
2003over/duringtheyears/periodfrom1993to2003over/du
ringtheyears/periodspanningfrom1993through2003over+一段时
间1+N中的1（总趋势或总特征）的引出结构：Ascanbeseen,Ascanbeseenfromthegr
aph,Accordingtothegraph,Thegraphleadsustothefactthat四
大趋势趋势与关键点是折线图写作的基本构成元素，之后的介词、程度词、趋势描述句型都是围绕着二者展开的。上升VerbsNounsri
seariseincreaseanincreasegrowagrowthclimb(缓慢爬升)aclimbboom
(剧增)aboomsoar(剧增)asoaranupwardtrendadownwardtrend下降Verb
sNounsfallafalldeclineadeclinedropadropdecreaseadecreasedivea
diveplummetaplummeting没有变化/维持在某一值VerbsNounsleveloutaleveling
outstabiliseastabilisationhavenochange——remainstable/steady—
—stayconstant——波动VerbsNounsfluctuateafluctuationoscillateanos
cillationswingaswingswayaswaywaverawavering注：分别需记住各自的动词和名词形式，因
为不同的词性要用在不同的趋势描述句型之中；根据词性的不同，分别叫做“趋势动词”和“趋势名词”；趋势描述名词前一般要加上不定冠词
a/an。五个关键点即startingpoint起点,ending/closingpoint终点,peak(hig
hestpoint)最高点/最大值，bottom(lowestpoint)最低点/最小值,intersection/c
rossingpoint交叉点（常出现于多条线时）5、六组关键介词图表写作专用介词，与趋势动词或名词搭配，是准确描述趋势的基础
与关键！AT在某一点（静态概念）搭配：begin/startat以值开始end(up)/windup/cl
oseat以值结束peakat达到最高值/点bottomat降到最低值/点leveloutat维持在s
tabiliseat维持在remainstable/steadyat维持在stayconstantat维持在s
tand/dwellat在（任意的某一点）句型：In2040,thepercentageofJapan’ssen
iorcitizensaged65andabovewillbethehighest,atabout27%.
(at前的逗号可省略)TO上升或下降到某一点（动态概念）搭配：趋势动词/名词+to；趋势动词/名词+fromA
toB例如：Thewagesgrowthraterisesto6%.（趋势动词短语）Thewagesgrowt
hrateshowsariseto6%.（趋势名词短语）Thewagesgrowthraterisesfro
m2%to6%.（趋势动词短语）Thewagesgrowthrateshowsarisefrom2%to
6%.（趋势名词短语）BY上升或下降的幅度（相当于汉语的“了”，一般作为附加结构放在主要趋势描述句的后面）例如：Thew
agesgrowthraterisesfrom2%to6%,anincreaseby/of4%.或：Thew
agesgrowthraterisesby4%.(这里不能用of)AROUND在某个点上下搭配：fluctuate
/oscillate/sway/waver/swayaround例如：Thewagesgrowthrate
fluctuatesaround3percent.BETWEEN在某个区间内搭配：fluctuate/oscil
late/sway/waver/swaybetweenAandB例如：Thewagesgrowthra
tefluctuatesbetween2%and4%.ABOVE/OVER,UNDER/BELOW在某个点之上或之下例
如：Thewagesgrowthratedropstounder3%in1999.（在图表作文里，像to和
under两个介词堆砌在一起的情况是正常的，因为under和3%一起表示一个具体的点）6、N个程度词程度词用于修饰趋势动词
或名词，使趋势描述更加精确。下框加粗的部分为重点掌握字汇。AdverbsAdjectives急剧地急剧的dramaticallyd
ramaticsharplysharpabruptlyabruptsuddenlysudden快速地快速的rapidlyrapid
quicklyquick明显地明显的significantlysignificantremarkablyremarkablestr
ikinglystriking平缓地，缓和地平缓的，缓和的moderatelymoderatesteadilysteady持续地持
续的continuouslycontinuousgraduallygradualexactlyprecisely7、三大核心趋势
描述句型缓慢地缓慢的slowlyslow微小地微小的slightlyslightinsignificantlyinsignific
antminimallyminimal大约，大概大概的approximatelyapproximateroughlyrough45
6N所涉及知识点都是为三大核心句型做准备。我们先从最基本的而趋势描述句型入手。例句一：工资增长率从3%上升到6%。句型一：描
述对象+趋势动词短语Thewagesgrowthraterisesfrom3%to6%.句型二：描述对象+SEE
/SHOW/EXPERIENCE+趋势名词短语Thewagesgrowthratesees/shows/e
xperiencesarisefrom3%to6%.句型三：THEREIS+趋势名词短语+IN+描述对象Th
ereisarisefrom3%to6%inthewagesgrowthrate.例句二：某个国家的工资增
长率从1996年的约3%明显地增长到1998年的6%注意到没？例句二在例句一的基础上增加了描述对象修饰语、时间（年份）、程
度词等元素，在使用的时候需要注意把他们放在合适的位置。请看翻译：句型一：Thewagesgrowthrateofsome
countryrisesremarkablyfromroughly3%in1996to6%in1998.句型二：Thewagesgrowthrateofsomecountryshowsaremarkablerisefromroughly3%in1996to6%in1998.句型三：Thereisaremarkablerisefromroughly3%in1996to6%in1998inthewagesgrowthrateofsomecountry |
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