?
484ISUOGGuidelines
AE,MolhoM,NeelavalliJ,PlattL,PugashD,RamaekersP,SalomonLJ,SanzM,40.MalingerG,PaladiniD,PiluG,Timor-TritschIE.Fetalcerebralmagneticresonance
Timor-TritschIE,TutschekB,TwicklerD,WeberM,XimenesR,Raine-FenningN.imaging,neurosonographyandthebravenewworldoffetalmedicine.Ultrasound
ISUOGPracticeGuidelines:performanceoffetalmagneticresonanceimaging.ObstetGynecol2017;50:679–680.
UltrasoundObstetGynecol2017;49:671–680.41.PaladiniD,DonariniG,RossiA.IndicationsforMRIinfetalisolatedmild
38.LevineD,BarnesPD,RobertsonRR,WongG,MehtaTS.FastMRimagingoffetalventriculomegaly...‘Andthen,therewerenone’.UltrasoundObstetGynecol2019;
centralnervoussystemabnormalities.Radiology2003;229:51–61.54:151–155.
39.Grif?thsPD,BradburnM,CampbellMJ,CooperCL,GrahamR,JarvisD,Kilby42.BirnbaumR,Ben-SiraL,Lerman-SagieT,MalingerG.Theuseoffetal
MD,MasonG,MooneyC,RobsonSC,WailooA,onbehalfoftheMERIDIANneurosonographyandbrainMRIincasesofcytomegalovirusinfectionduring
collaborativegroup.UseofMRIinthediagnosisoffetalbrainabnormalitiesinuteropregnancy:Aretrospectiveanalysiswithoutcomecorrelation.PrenatDiagn2017;
(MERIDIAN):amulticentre,prospectivecohortstudy.Lancet2017;389:538–546.37:1335–1342.
APPENDIX1GradesofrecommendationandlevelsofevidenceusedinISUOGGuidelines
Classi?cationofevidencelevels
1++High-qualitymeta-analyses,systematicreviewsofrandomizedcontrolledtrialsorrandomizedcontrolledtrialswith
verylowriskofbias
1+Well-conductedmeta-analyses,systematicreviewsofrandomizedcontrolledtrialsorrandomizedcontrolledtrials
withlowriskofbias
1–Meta-analyses,systematicreviewsofrandomizedcontrolledtrialsorrandomizedcontrolledtrialswithhighriskof
bias
2++High-qualitysystematicreviewsofcase–controlorcohortstudiesorhigh-qualitycase–controlorcohortstudieswith
verylowriskofconfounding,biasorchanceandhighprobabilitythattherelationshipiscausal
2+Well-conductedcase–controlorcohortstudieswithlowriskofconfounding,biasorchanceandmoderateprobability
thattherelationshipiscausal
2–Case–controlorcohortstudieswithhighriskofconfounding,biasorchanceandsigni?cantriskthattherelationship
isnotcausal
3Non-analyticalstudies,e.g.casereports,caseseries
4Expertopinion
Gradesofrecommendation
AAtleastonemeta-analysis,systematicrevieworrandomizedcontrolledtrialratedas1++andapplicabledirectlyto
thetargetpopulation;orasystematicreviewofrandomizedcontrolledtrialsorabodyofevidenceconsisting
principallyofstudiesratedas1+applicabledirectlytothetargetpopulationanddemonstratingoverallconsistency
ofresults
BBodyofevidenceincludingstudiesratedas2++applicabledirectlytothetargetpopulationanddemonstrating
overallconsistencyofresults;orextrapolatedevidencefromstudiesratedas1++or1+
CBodyofevidenceincludingstudiesratedas2+applicabledirectlytothetargetpopulationanddemonstratingoverall
consistencyofresults;orextrapolatedevidencefromstudiesratedas2++
DEvidencelevel3or4;orevidenceextrapolatedfromstudiesratedas2+
GoodpracticeRecommendedbestpracticebasedontheclinicalexperienceoftheguidelinedevelopmentgroup
point
2020InternationalSocietyofUltrasoundinObstetricsandGynecologyUltrasoundObstetGynecol2020;56:476–484.
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