【同步语法】新人教版：必修一Unit4语法：定语从句限制性定语从句一、理解概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或
代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面，由关系代词或关系副词引出。根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非
限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句为先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语从句，若去掉，被修饰的主句的内容就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关
系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间用逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如果省去，意思仍然完整。二、语法规则(
一)关系代词的用法1.that和which的用法which指物，that既可指人也可指物；它们在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，whic
h和that在从句中作宾语时可以省略。Thedishes(that/which)IcookedwereMom''sfa
vourite.我做的菜是妈妈最喜欢的。Theman(that)wehavejustseenisafamous
writer.我们刚刚看到的那个人是一位著名的作家。Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatit
usedtobe.上海不再是过去的那座城市了。GuilinisthemostbeautifulcitythatI
haveevervisited.桂林是我见过的最美丽的城市。Heistheverypersonthatthey
arelookingfor.他正是他们在找的人。Theytalkedaboutthethingsandperson
sthattheycouldrememberintheschool.他们谈论着他们能记起的学校的那些事和人。Some
expertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskilluponwhichschool
educationdepends.一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。2．who和whom的用法who和whom指人，
who在从句中可作主语和宾语，whom在从句中作宾语。Heistheman(who/whom)Isawyesterd
ay.他就是我昨天见到的那个人。Happinessandsuccessoftencometothosewhoare
goodatrecognisingtheirownstrengths.快乐和成功经常会眷顾那些善于欣赏自己优点的人。3
．whose的用法whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语。“whose＋名词”可以转化为“the＋名词＋ofwhic
h/whom”和“ofwhich/whom＋the＋名词”的形式。Ilivenextdoortoacouplewh
osechildren(＝thechildrenofwhom)oftenmakealotofnoise.我隔壁
住着一对夫妻，他们的孩子经常制造很多噪声。Pleasepassmethebookwhosecover(＝the
coverofwhich)isgreen.请递给我那本绿色封面的书。4．as的用法as引导限制性定语从句仅限于先行词前面有
such，thesame等修饰时，as既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等。Sheissuchanicegi
rlaswealllike.她是一个我们大家都喜欢的好女孩。Iboughtthesamedictionaryas
youborrowed.我买了一本和你借的一样的词典。(同一类的两本词典)Imetthesamepersonas/t
hatIsawyesterday.我遇见了昨天我看到的那个人。(同一个人)(二)关系副词的用法(三)“介词＋关系代词”引导的
定语从句在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只用whom(指人)或which(指物)，不可用that。Thisisa
subjectaboutwhichwemightargueforalongwhile.这是一个我们可能长时间争
论的话题。Thisistheworkerwithwhommybrotherhasworkedforteny
ears.这就是和我哥哥一起工作了十年的那位工人。(四)判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓
语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：Thisisthemountainv
illagewhereIstayedlastyear.这是我去年待过的山村。I''llneverforgetthe
dayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。判断对错：(×)This
isthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.(×)Iwillnever
forgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.(√)Thisisthem
ountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.(√)I''llneverforget
thedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词w
here,when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确
选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1.Isthismuseum_____________youvisitedafewd
aysago?A．whereB．thatC．onwhichD．theone例2.Ist
histhemuseum_____________theexhibitionwasheld?A．where
B．thatC．onwhichD．theone答案：例1D，例2A例1变为肯定句：Thi
smuseumis_____________youvisitedafewdaysago.例2变为肯定句：Th
isisthemuseum_____________theexhibitionwasheld.在句1中，所缺部分
为宾语，而where,that,onwhich都不能起到宾语的作用，只有theone既作主句的表语，又作从句的宾语，关系代
词可以省略，所以应选D。在句2中，主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语，表地点，可用副词where，又因inthemuse
um词组，可用“介词in＋which”引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on用的不对，所以选A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先
行词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose);先行词在从句中作状
语时，应选择关系副词(where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语)。即时检测Ⅰ.单句语法填空用正确的关系代词填空1.
Thetrees________standbytheriverwereplantedbyus.2.She
nevergivesintothose________havemoney.3.Thisisthebestf
ilm________hasbeenshownsofarinthecity.4.Februaryisthe
onlymonth________hasfewerthan30days.5.Mysonmadenotes
ofeverything________heread.6.YesterdayImettheteacher___
_____oncetaughtusmaths.7.Willyoushowmethegirl________
nameisWeiFang?8.Thetallgirl________isstandingthereisa
friendofmyeldersister’s.9.Theforeigner_____visitedourc
lassyesterdayisfromCanada.10.Pleasepassmethebook_____is
lyingonthetable.11.---Class,youshouldbethankfultothos
epeople_______helpedandsupportedyou.---Wewill.MissChen.
12.---Isthisthenewdictionary_______yougotyesterday?---Yes
.Nowit''sveryconvenientformetolookupwords.13.--Doyoukn
owthestudent_______gotanAintheEnglishexam?--Ofcourse.S
heismydeskmate,LiHong.14.Ireallylikethefamilyphoto___
__wetookonmygrandpa’s80thbirthday.15.Mygrandparentslike
stories________endingsarehappy.16.YuanLongpingisaChines
ericescientist_____isleadingasearchtodevelop“searice”.
17.Theteacher_______Ilikebestoftenencouragesmetofightf
ormydream.18.Jacklikesbeingwiththeclassmates__________ar
eoutgoingandkind.19.Akindofsharedbike_____iscalledblue
gogoisgettingmoreandmorepopularinChengdu.20.TuYouyouis
thewoman_______usedtheplant’sspecialpowertosavemillion
soflives.21.Hisparentswouldn''tlethimmarryanyone-_____f
amilywaspoor.22.Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace
,____hassurprisedusall.23.Canyourememberthescientistan
dhistheory_____wehavelearned?24.Untilnow,wehaveraised
50,000poundsforthepoorchildren,_____isquiteunexpected.
25._____isreported,thenumberofsmokershasdroppedby17pe
rcentinjustoneyear.26.YesterdayMr.Greenwenttohishometo
wnandvisitedtheoldhousein______hewasborn.27.Theman,f
rom______Ilearnedthenews,isanengineer.28.—Doyouliketh
eweeklytalkshowTheReadersonCCTV?—Sure.It’sagreatTVp
rogram______purposeistobringthehabitofreadingbackinto
thepublic.29.Children______dietishighinfatwillgainweig
htquickly.30.Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Itooksometimeof
ftogotravelling,turnedouttobeawisedecision.Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Shespentthewholeeveningtalkingaboutthethingsandperson
swhichnoneofushaseverheardof.2．Tibetissuchaplacethat
allthepeopleallovertheworldaredreamingofvisiting.3．The
bookthatIborroweditfromthelibraryiswellwritten.4．Thes
tudentinthatalloftheteacherstookgreatpridewasadmitted
intoBeijingUniversitylastyear.5．Wewillalwaysrememberthed
ayswhenwespenttogether.参考答案Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.that/which2.who
3.that4.that5.that6.who/that7.whose8.who/that9.who/that10.which/that11.Who12.that/which13.who/that14.that/which15.whose16.who/that17.who/whom/that18.who/that19.that/which20.who/that21.whose22.which23.that24.which25.As26.which27.whom28.whose29.whose30.whichⅡ.单句改错1.which→that2.that→as3.去掉borrowed后的it4.that→whom5.when→that |
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