语法专项9——并列句
【并列句综述】由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。逗号是不可以连接句子的这一点和汉语不同Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.你帮他，他帮你。
误：Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。1．表递进关系：用来表递进关系的并列连词有and，notonly...butalso...，neither...nor...，not...but...等。例如：
Hehadplentyofmoneyandhespentitfreely.他有足够的钱，可以随便花。
Notonlydidhespeakmorecorrectly，butalsohespokemoreeasily.
他不仅说得更正确，而且说得更轻松。
【小叮咛】
（1）both…and不能连接分句。
（2）notonly…butalso…连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则，也就是说要与靠近butalso的那个主语一致。
（3）notonly引导的分句位于句首时，其分句要用倒装，而butalso引导的分句不倒装。
2．表选择关系：常用的并列连词有or，either...or...，otherwise等。
Eitheryouareright，orIam.要么你对，要么我对。
Don’tdrivesofastor/otherwiseyou’llhaveanaccident.不要开那么快，否则你会出事的。
3．表转折关系：常用的并列连词有but，yet，still,however,whereas，while,when等。
Janesaidshewasill,yetIsawherinthestreetjustnow.简说她病了，但刚才我在街上看到了她。
Somemenarerich，while/whereasothersarepoor.一些人很富有但其他人很贫穷。
Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.他个子不高，戴着深度眼镜，但是他有一种使他的课堂生动而有趣的方式。
【小叮咛】
yet语气比but弱，可以与and，but连用，也可以和though，although连用，此时作副词。但是but一定不能和although和though连用。
Althoughheisyoung,yetheknowsalot.尽管他很年轻，但是他知道的很多。
=Thoughheisyoung,yetheknowsalot.
=Heisyoung,butheknowsalot.
4．表因果关系：常用的并列连词有so，for,therefore等。
Itmusthaverainedlastnightforitiswetallover.昨晚一定下雨了，到处都这么湿。
TheshopswereclosedsoIdidn’tgetanymilk.商店都关门了，所以我没买到牛奶。
【小叮咛】
so不能与because连用；for引导的句子一般不置于句首，表示补充说明，语气较弱；而therefore常用语正式的文体中，前后用逗号隔开。
5．when还可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于andatthis/thattime,andthen,justthen,duringthetime。
【小叮咛】常用于下列句式：
sb.wasdoingsth.when...；sb.wasaboutto/goingtodo/onthepointofdoingsth.when...；sb.hadjustdonesth.when...。
Wewerehavingameetingwhensomeonebrokein.
我们正在开会，这时突然有人闯了进来。
Wewereabouttosetoffwhenitsuddenlybegantorain.
我们正打算动身，突然下起了雨。
Wewerereadytorushaway,whenthesnakemoved.我们正准备离开，这时蛇移动了。
6．while作为并列连词，相当于atthesametime表示相反和对照，常用来连接两个意义对立的分句，意为“而，却”，表示对比。
Helikespopmusic，whileIamfondoffolkmusic.
他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。
Ilikefootball,whilemysisterlikesbasketball.我喜欢足球，而我姐姐喜欢篮球。
【小试牛刀】
I将下面各题中的两个分句合并成一个句子
1．a.Hecouldalldaysitonawetrockandfish.
b.Hedidnotsayaword.
____________________________________________
2．a.Theuniversityseemedsmall.
b.Theuniversityhadmanygreatprograms.
____________________________________________
3．a.Stopsmokingnow.
b.Yourhealthwillberuined.
____________________________________________
4．a.Kate‘sparentswereproudofher.
b.Katewasthefirstmemberofthefamilytograduatefromhighschool.
____________________________________________
5．a.Tomhasalwaysbeeninterestedincomputerscience.
b.TomismajoringinEnglishnow.
____________________________________________
II用适当的并列连词填空：
1.Hecouldn’tknowthetruthaboutme,______hewouldn’ttreatmelikethis.
2.Thebellisringing______thelessonisover.
3.Althoughhewasill,______hekeptonworking.
4.Ican’tmakeupmymind______wewillgotoShanghai______wewillstayinourcity.
5.Hedoesn’ttalkmuch,______hethinksalot.
6.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,______thegroundisstillwet.
7.ThepresidentwillvisitthetowninMay______hewillopenthenewhospital.
8.Janewasdressedingreen______Marywasdressedinblue.
9.______hedidnotspeakdistinctly______Ididnothearitclearly.
10.Heisclever,______,heoftenmakesmistakes.
11.______didwewritetoher______wecalledupher.
12.Hehasn’tanymoney,______I’mgoingtolendhimsome.
13.Thechildwassick;he,______,didn’tgotoschool.
14.Marywasneitherhappy,_____wasshesad.
15.Putonmoreclothes,______you’llcatchcold.
II改错
1.Althoughhehasgreatlearning,buthealwaysworksfarintothenight.
2.Becausetheboyisverynaughty,soI’mangrywithhim.
3.Notonlyhehimselfworkshardbutheoftenhelpsothers.
4.Itmusthaverainedmuchoflate,becausetheriverissohigh.
5.Theydidn’ttellmewhetherIshouldwritetohimnorwhetherIshouldseehimpersonally.
6.Iftherewerenoplants,wewouldhavenoanimalsornomeat.
7.NowofcourseIdon’twanttosayanythingbadaboutanyonehoweverhaveyounoticedhisstrangemanners?
8.“I’mmorethankfultoyou,sir,thanIcansay”Isaid,“andbutImustmakethingsclear.”
9.Heneitherknowsnorcaresforwhathappened.
10.Hedidnotlikeyoursuggestion,andbutheraisednoobjection(反对).
Keys:I1.Hecouldalldaysitonawetrockandfishandhedidnotsayaword.
或Hecouldalldaysitonawetrockandfish,andhedidnotsayaword.
2.Theuniversityseemedsmall,butithadmanygreatprograms.
或Theuniversityseemedsmall,yetithadmanygreatprograms.
3.Stopsmokingnow,oryourhealthwillberuined.
或Stopsmokingnow,orelseyourhealthwillberuined.
或Stopsmokingnow,otherwiseyourhealthwillberuined.
4.Katewasthefirstmemberofthefamilytograduatefromhighschool,soherparentswereproudofher.或Kate''sparentswereproudofher,forshewasthefirstmemberofthefamilytograduatefromhighschool.
5.Tomhasalwaysbeeninterestedincomputerscience,butheismajoringinEnglishnow.
或Tomhasalwaysbeeninterestedincomputerscience,yetheismajoringinEnglishnow.
II
or2.and 3.still/yet4.when,or 5.but6.for
7.when8.while 9.Either,or 10.however
11.Notonly,butalso 12.so 13.therefore 14.nor15.or
III
1.去掉but或改为yet 2.去掉so3.he前加does；works－work4.because－for 5.nor－or
6.or—and7.however—but8.去掉and9.去for10.去掉and或把but改为yet或still
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