高考英语热点话题阅读训练2021.4AThereisgrowingconcernaboutfoodinsecurityint
hedevelopingworld.Risingfoodprices,weatheremergenciesand
politicalproblemsaredeepeningthestruggleforfamiliesinman
ycountries.ThreeUNagencieshavepublishedareportrecently,s
ayinghighpricesarelikelytocontinue.GregoryBarrow,whois
withtheWorldFoodPrograminRome,says,“Ifyoulookatthepl
aceswheretheWorldFoodProgramworks,particularlyindevelopi
ngcountries,youseepeoplewhomightbespendingmorethan60p
ercentoftheirsalaryinpurchasingfoodfortheirfamilies.”Eas
tAfricaissufferingitsworstdroughtinyears.InKenya,atle
astthreeandahalfmillionpeoplearegoinghungry,mostlyint
henorth.YetfoodisgoingtowasteincentralKenya.Now,farme
rstherewantthegovernmenttobuytheirfoodandgiveittotho
seinneed.Farmerssaybadroadsandlackoftransportationmake
itdifficultforthemtogettheirproducetothemarket.Mr.Bar
rowsays,“Itneedsthegovernmenttomakesomearrangementssuch
asprovidingtransport.Theycanbuyitatagoodprice,thengi
veittothosepeopleinsteadofaskingforfoodfromoverseas,w
hichisverybad.Whenwearethrowingawayfood,theyareasking
forfoodfromoverseas.”Economistssaythatimportsreducelocal
foodprices,decreaseproductivity(生产效率)andincreasethedepend
encyonothercountries.FarmersinKenyahopethegovernmentcan
payhigherpricesfortheircropssothattheycanfeedmoreKen
yans.1．Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．KenyaImportsF
oodfromAbroad.B．WorldFoodPrograminRome.C．ThePoorSufferfr
omHighFoodPrices.D．AReportPublishedbyThreeUNAgencies.2．W
hatdoweknowaboutKenyafromthepassage?A．Thepeopleincentr
alKenyaaresufferingfromhunger.B．Atleastthreeandahalfmi
llionKenyanslackfood.C．TheKenyangovernmentwantstoimprove
roadconditions.D．PeopleinnorthernKenyarefusetoaskforfood
fromoverseas.3.Whatdoes“they”inthefourthparagraphrefer
to?A．ThepeopleofnorthernKenya.B．Governmentofficials.C．The
farmersofcentralKenya.D．Kenyaneconomists.4．Whichofthefoll
owingstatementsisTRUE,accordingtothispassage?A．GregoryBar
rowsuggeststhatKenyamakegooduseofoverseasfood.B．Peoplei
nnorthernKenyaaresufferingthedroughtlessthanthecentral.
C．Economistsbelieveimportingfoodfromabroadmaycauseproblem
s.D．Kenyangovernmenthopestobuythenativecropsathigherpri
ces.BBeingabletocountatleasttenpeopleasfriendsmakesus
happy,butthosewithfiveorfewerarelikelytobemiserable,r
esearcherssay.Theirstudyofhundredsofmenandwomenalsofou
ndthatpeoplewhofeelsatisfiedwiththeirlivesalwayshavelo
tsofclosefriendsandregularlymakenewones.Whileitisnot
clearwhetherourfriendsmakeushappyorwemakefriendsbecaus
ewearehappy,theresearcherssayitisclearthatweshouldma
intainourfriendships.PsychologistRichardTunneysaid,“Whatev
erthereasonis,activelyworkingonfriendshipsinthesameway
astomaintainamarriageisaprerequisite(必备条件)tohappiness.”
Dr.Tunney,ofNottinghamUniversity,quizzedmorethan1,700pe
opleabouttheirsatisfactionwiththeirlivesandthestateof
theirfriendships.Thosewithfivefriendsorfewerhadjusta40
percentchanceofbeinghappy.Inotherwordstheyweremoreli
kelytobeunhappythanhappy.Tenwasthefirstnumberatwhich
peopleweremorelikelytobehappythanunhappy.Thehappiestpe
oplewerethosewithdozensoffriends,accordingtothestudy,w
hichwascarriedoutfortheNationalLottery(彩票)．Forwomen,this
meanthaving33friends；formen,thenumberwas49.Dr.Tunneys
aid，“Peoplewhowereextremelysatisfiedwiththeirliveshadtwi
cethenumberoffriendsofpeoplewhowereextremelydissatisfi
ed.”Womentendedtohavefewerfriendsthanmenbutformedtigh
terrelationships.Interestingly,thestudyfoundthatchildhood
friendsarenomorelikelytomakeushappythanpeoplewebecome
closetolaterinlife.Lotterywinners,however,haveadiffere
ntopiniononlife.Theyarealwayshappierthanothersdespites
pendingtheirtimewithasmallcircleofoldfriends.Thiscould
bebecausetheytrustpeoplethey''veknownforalongtime.6．Wha
t''sthebesttitleforthispassage?A．TheSecrettoHappinessIs
toMakeNewFriendsB．HavingatLeast10GoodFriendsMakesPeople
HappyC．WhyMostPeopleLiketoMakeFriendsRegularlyD．Men''sand
Women''sFriendsAreDifferent7．Whichofthefollowingopinions
mayRichardTunneyNOTagreewith?A．Peoplewithfewfriendsares
uretobeunhappy.B．Ourfriendscanmakeushappy.C．Happinessmay
comefromagoodmarriagelife.D．Wemaybecomehappierifwehav
emorefriends.8．Accordingtothepassage,lotterywinners_____
___.A．enjoymakingnewfriendsB．makenewfriendseasilyC．likes
tayingwitholdfriendsD．havenotimetomakefriends9．Wecanc
oncludefromthepassagethat________.A．it''senoughforonepers
ontohavetenfriendsB．unhappypeoplemusthavefewfriendsC．chi
ldhoodfriendsmakepeoplehappierthanadulthoodonesD．friendshi
psplayamajorroleinpeople''slifeCCaneatingachocolatebar
everydayreallypreventage-relatedmemoryloss?No.Butanewr
esearchshowsthatlargeamountsofflavones,substancesfoundin
cocoa,teaandsomekindsofvegetables,mayimproveage-related
memoryfailure.Dr.ScottSmallisaprofessorofneurology(神经病学
)atColumbiaUniversityinnewYorkCity.Heistheleadwriter
ofaresearchpaperdescribingtheeffectsofcocoaflavonesonb
rainactivity.Hisstudyinvolved37volunteersagedbetween50a
nd69.Researchersgavethemahigh-levelflavonesdrinkmadefro
mcocoabeansoralow-levelflavonesdrink.Foraperiodofthre
emonths,somesubjectsgot900milligramsofflavonesaday.The
othersgot10milligramsofflavoneseachday.Brainimagingand
memorytestsweregiventoeachstudysubjectbeforeandaftert
hestudy.Dr.Smallsaysthatthesubjectswhohadthehigh-level
flavonesdrinkshowedmuchimprovementonmemorytests.Theresea
rcherswarnthatmoreworkisneededtobedonebecausethisstud
ywasperformedonlyonasmallgroup.Dr.JoannMansonisthele
adresearcherofafour-yearstudyinvolving18,000adults.This
studywilluseflavonescapsules(胶囊).Thestudysubjectswillbe
dividedintotwogroupsandwilltaketwopillsperday.Thecaps
ulesusedwillalllookthesame.Butonegroup''scapsuleswillc
ontainflavones,whiletheothergroupwilltakecapsulesmadeof
aninactivesubstance,orplacebo.Dr.Mansonsaysit''snotneces
saryforpeopletostarteatingmorechocolate,because3persons
wouldhavetoeatahugeamountofchocolatetogetthesamelev
elofflavonesgiventotherestsubjects.Headdsmanymanufactu
rershaveplannedtoremovetheflavonesfromtheirchocolatepro
ducts.Similarly,Dr.Mansonsaysacocoa-basedflavonesextract(
提取)maybedevelopedinthefuture.Buthesaysthatmorestudies
areneededtoseehowmuchflavonesisgoodforourhealth.10．Wha
twasdonetothesubjectsafterDr.Small''sstudy?A．Theywereas
kedtotakeahigh-levelflavonesdrink.B．Theyweregivencapsule
scontainingflavones.C．Theywereaskedtotaketwopillsofflav
onescapsulesperday.D．Theyweregivenbrainimagingandmemory
tests.11．What''sthesimilarityofthetwoexperiments?A．Bothuse
high-levelflavonescapsules.B．Thesubjectsaredividedintotwo
groupsinbothexperiments.C．Drinksandplacebosareusedinbot
hexperiments.D．Thenumberofthesubjectsisthesame.12．Whywil
lDr.Mansoncarryoutthefour-yearstudy?A．Toprovethefirste
xperimentiswrong.B．Totesthowmuchflavonescanimproveourme
mory.C．Tocarryouttheexperimentfurther.D．Toshoweatingchoco
lateisbettertoimprovememory.13．Whatcanwelearnfromthela
stparagraph?A．Inthefuturewecangetflavoneswithouteatingc
hocolate.B．Themoreweeatflavones,thebetterourhealthwillb
e.C．It''snotnecessaryforustoeatchocolate.D．It''seasyforpe
opletogetthesamelevelofflavonesgiventothetestsubjects
.DLet''sfaceit.Noonedrinksdiet(饮食)soda(苏打)forthetaste.Pe
opledrinkdietsodainthehopethatitwillhelpthemloseweig
htoratleastkeepthemfromgainingit.Yetitseemstohaveex
actlytheoppositeeffect,accordingtoanewstudy.Researchersf
romtheUniversityofTexassaidthosewhodranktwoormorediet
sodasadayhadwaist(腰)sizeincreasesthatweresixtimesgrea
terthanthoseofpeoplewhodidn''tdrinkdietsoda.“Whatwesaw
wasthatthemoredietsodasapersondrank,themoreweightthey
werelikelytogain，”saidSharonFowler.Thestudywasbasedon
datafrom474participantsinalarge,ongoingresearchproject,
wheretheparticipantswerefollowedfornearly10years.Whileth
efindingsaresurprising,theyalsooffersomeexplanations.Nutr
ition(营养)expert,MelanieRogers,whoworkswithoverweightpatie
ntsinNewYork,hasfoundthatwhenpatientsareswitched(改变)fr
omregulartodietsoda,theydon''tloseweightatall.“Weweren''
tseeingweightlossnecessarily,andthatwasconfusingtous，”
saidRogers.Sowhywoulddietsodacauseweightgain?Nooneknow
sforsureyet,butitcouldbethatpeoplethinktheycaneatmo
reiftheydrinkdietsoda,andsoover-compensate(补偿)forthemi
ssingcalories(卡路里热量单位).Arelatedstudyfoundsomesweeteners(甜
味剂)raisedbloodsugarlevelsinsomemice.”Datafromthisando
therpotentialstudiessuggestthatthepromotionofdietsodasa
ndartificial(人造的)sweetenersmayberisky，”saidstudyresearche
rHelenP·Hazuda,professorattheUniversityofTexas''sschoolo
fmedicine.Theymaybefreeofcalories,butnotofconsequences
.14．Peopledrinkdietsodato________.A．stayinfashionB．enjoy
itstasteC．gainmoreenergyD．achieveweightloss15．Thenewstudysuggeststhatdrinkingdietsoda______.A．helpspeopletobehealthierB．causespeopletobecomeheavierC．offerspeoplemorecaloriesD．makespeoplemuchthinner16．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A．dietsodadrinkerstendtoeatmorefoodB．regularsodamakespeoplelosemoreweightC．mostblooddiseasescomefromdietsodaD．dietsodadoeshelpreducecalories17．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．DietsodaisgoodforyourhealthB．DietsodamaycauseoverweightC．SweetenerscanraisebloodsugarlevelsD．Aresearchaboutnutrition参考答案：1-5CABBC6-9BDCD10-13DBCA14-17DBAB |
|
