阅读理解解题技巧Contents一、直接查找法二、逻辑推断法三、槪括归纳法四、标题判断法五、语境推断法六、背景信息法七、人称变化法一、直接查找法细节判断题是中考英语阅读理解主要题型，它要求考生对原文事实和细节有准确的认识和判断。一般情况下细节判断题的解题依据均可在原文中找到。【典例1】I’mconfusedthesedays.Wearetaughtathomeandatschoolthatusingviolence(暴力)istheleastcivilized(文明的)waytosolveproblems.Forexample,lastweekIthoughtabouthittingmyfriendforwinningabeautifulshellwhilewewereplayingatthebeach.Italkedwithhiminsteadandwecametoanagreement.Iftwoadultshadadisagreement,andiftheyusedviolencetowardseachotherinordertowin,isitallright?Atthebeach,Joshua______.
A.hithisfriend B.wonabeautifulshellC.playedwithabeautifulshell D.cametoanagreementwithhisfriend
D解析：原文第一段倒数第二句中的wecametoanagreement体现答案为D。二、逻辑推断法不少试题所需信息原文并不直接提供，考生应认真阅读分析题干内容，了解试题所问信息角度，回到原文查找答题所需信息，然后在把握文章主旨大意、作者意图、写作目的和主人公情感的基础上将这一信息进行概念转换、思维迁移和逻辑推理，从而准确推断出试题答案。【典例2】Awarisagreatviolence,liketwopeoplefightingoverashell,justmuchbigger.Adultssaytheyarefightingwarsinordertosolveproblemsandmakepeace.Butcanyoureally“makepeace”bykillingsomanypeople?Idon’tthinkbombscanreachpeople’sheartsandchangethem.Bombscan’tcreateloveandcaring,andthat’swhatweneedintheworld.Whydoadultsuseviolencesoquickly?Whycan’ttheyusetheirwisdomandtalkitover?What’sthekeytopeaceinJoshua’sopinion?______A.Loveandcareforeachother. B.Don’tuseviolencesoquickly.C.Stopusingbombsinwars. D.Don’thurtorkillpeopleinwars.
A解析：由原文中的Bombscan’tcreateloveandcaring,andthat’swhatweneedintheworld.可以推出Joshua认为爱和关心是通向和平的唯一道路。答案为A。
三、槪括归纳法如果是文章大意判断题，考生应认真阅读原文，弄清作者要介绍什么，是如何介绍的，从而准确了解原文主旨大意。特别需要注意的是，考生应认真阅读分析原文首句和末句，因为它们往往有可能是主题句，即文章主旨大意之所在。【典例3】Whentwocountriesdisagree,theyoftenfightawar.Whyisusingviolencenotokayathome,atschool?orinyourcountrybutokaybetweencountries?Somanypeoplehavebeenkilledbecauseofwars,notonlysoldiersbutordinarypeople,evensmallchildrenandbabies.Andrefugees(难民)exist,too.Joshuahateswarsbetweencountriesbecause_.A.heisafraidofwarsB.hedoesn’tunderstandadultsC.warscreatedeathandrefugeesD.warsarenottheonlywaytomakepeaceC解析：认真阅读原文可知，该段主要介绍作者憎恨国与国之间发生战争的原因，进一步思考全文内容可知，作者主要介绍了国与国之间的战争造成了无数人死亡、更多人逃难，由此不难找出答案为C。四、标题判断法标题应该体现全文精神实质，必须具备高度的概况性,必须具备一定的针对性,必须具备一定的醒目性。这就是标题判断的三原则，利用这三原则可以准确快速确定文章的标题。【典例4】TheSydneyOperaHouseisaveryfamousbuildingintheworld.IthasbecomeSydney’sbest-knownlandmarkandinternationalsymbol.TheOperaHousewitha“sailingroof”wasdesignedbyafamousDanisharchitect?Utzon,Thebaseforthebuildingwasstartedin1959,yearsbeforethedesignswerefinished.UtzonspentfouryearsdesigningtheOperaHouse.In1967,theystartedthedecorationinside.Ittook14yearsintotaltobuildtheOperaHouse.TheSydneyOperaHousecostaround$100millionandwaspaidforbythepublic.6,225squaremetersofglasswasusedtobuildit.TheOperaHouseincludes1,000rooms.Itis185meterslongand120meterswide.Thebuildingroofsectionsweighabout15tons.Eachyear,thisfantasticbuildingattracts200,000touriststocomeforavisitorenjoyeventsinit.TheOperaHousereachesoutintotheharbour.Itisamazingandunforgettableofferingpeopleastrongsenseofbeauty.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?_______A.SailingRoof B.TravellinginSydneyC.TheSydneyOperaHouse D.TheOpeningoftheOperaHouseC解析：通读全文，从整体上理解文章的中心大意，短文第一段介绍了悉尼歌剧院的建造历史，第二段介绍了悉尼歌剧院粍资、空间大小等，最后一段介绍了悉尼歌剧院外部环境，选项C最能代表文章的主旨大意，其他选项均是以偏盖全。五、语境推断法中考英语阅读理解还非常注重对难句的理解，这些难句往往运用典故、引用、比喻等手段来表达主人公或作者特殊观点或情感，语义深沉，委婉含蓄，解题时应借助临近语境对其进行的解释说明推断其含义。【典例5】Well,justdoinRomeastheRomansdo.Youcanaskthenativepeopletohelpyouorjustwatchcarefullyandfollowthem.“DoinRomeastheRomansdo”means_____.A.DoasthenativepeopledoB.DoasyoudoathomeC.AskthenativepeopletodoitD.Watchthenativepeopledoingit
A解析：认真阅读分析该句及后一句内容可知，后一句是对该句的解释说明，由此不难推出该句含义为：像当地人做的那样去做(入乡随俗)。答案为A。六、背景信息法不少阅读理解题考查考生对生词的理解，考生应认真阅读分析生词所在句及邻近句的背景信息，利用定义解释、转折、对比、条件、递进、并列、让步、因果等逻辑关系，结合构词法知识和生活常识综合推断生词含义。【典例6】Wetelephonedtheemergencyserviceandinnotimeanambulancestoppedinfrontofourgate.WehelpedthemedicalworkerscarrySamtothevehicle...Whatdoes“vehicle”inthethirdparagraphreferto?______A.Car. B.Ambulance.C.Taxi. D.Bus.B解析：认真阅读分析该词所在句及前一句可知，前一句是该词所在句的背景信息，由此可以推出该词指代前一句中的ambulance，因此答案为B。七、人称变化法这种方法主要是分析人称变换的来龙去脉，解决“代词指代题”。解题时应认真阅读分析特定代词所在句及前后邻近句，分析人称转换和动作变换的全部过程,步步为营、环环相扣地弄清其来龙去脉,从而准确找到其替代对象。【典例7】Thousandsofpeoplehavebeenkilledatwar.Anditbringsmuchtroubletotheworld.Theword“it”means______inthesentence“Anditbringsmuchtroubletotheworld”.A.war B.peace C.care D.love
A解析认真阅读分析该词所在句及前一句Thousandsofpeoplehavebeenkilledatwar.可知，成千上万的人在战争中丧生，是战争给世界带来了麻烦，it应指代上文的“war”。答案为A。 |
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