高中英语短文改错（ProofReading）
课前导学案
一、教学目标：1）了解高考短文改错题的错误设置规律
2）掌握短文改错的改正方法
3）提高篇章结构分析和语言纠错的能力
4）培养学生的规范答题习惯
二、命题形式：
给出一篇约100个单词的短文，文中有10处错误，错误类型包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等。要求考生对每个句子进行判断，如有错即将其改正。
三、高考短文改错的考察方式
设疑方式：错词（8）、漏词（1）、多词（1）
多词Unnecessaryword1.Icangotohomenow.
漏词Missingword2.Ilikeplaying∧piano.
the
错词Wrongword3.IamfondatEnglish.
of
四、课前预习，独立完成近三年的高考真题后与小组成员讨论：
高考真题(2013·新课标Ⅰ)
Ihardlyremembermygrandmother.Sheusedtoholdingmeonherkneesandsingoldsongs.Iwasonly?fourwhenshepassesaway.Sheisjustadistantmemoryformenow.??Iremembermygrandfatherverymuch.Hewastall,withbroadshoulderandabeardthatturnedfromblack?towardgrayovertheyears.Hehadadeepvoice,whichsethimselfapartfromothersinoursmalltown,hewas?strongandpowerful.Inafact,heevenscaredmyclassmatesawayduringtheycameovertoplayordo?homeworkwithme.However,hewasthegentlestmanIhaveneverknown.
高考真题(2014·新课标Ⅰ)
Nearlyfiveyearsbefore,andwiththehelpbyourfather,mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes(圣女果)inourbackgarden.Sincethen—foralltheseyear—wehadbeenallowingtomatoestoself-seedwheretheyplease.Asresult,theplantsaregrowingsomewhere.Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.Therearesomuchthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.Althoughweallowtomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear,butwehaveneverhadanydiseaseorinsectattackproblems.Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost!
高考真题(2015·新课标Ⅰ)
WhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.NowI
amlivinginacity,butImissmyhomeincountryside.Theretheairiscleanorthemountainsaregreen.Unfortunately,onthedevelopmentofindustrialization,theenvironmenthasbeenpolluted.Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriouslyproblem.Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.Wemustfoundwaystoprotectyourenvironment.Ifwefailtodoso,we’lllivetoregretit.
短文改错（ProofReading）
课堂导学案
一、核对课前练习答案并讨论：没找到的错误&找到错误却不会改正。
二、全国课标I近三年考点范围 全国课标I近三年考点 2015 2014 2013 动词 1)think→thought
mustfound→find
3)Studieshavebeenshownthat… Sincethen,wehad(beendoing…)→have 1)usedtoholding→hold;2)passes→passed 名词 airs→air tyear→years shoulders 代词 your→our/the aresomuch(that…)→many himself→him 形容词/副词 1)aseriouslyproblem→2)muchrareanimals→many 1)growwonderfullytomatoes
2)(Thefruitsare)juicyandtaste→tasty
3)fiveyearsbefore→ago remembersbverymuch→well/clearly 冠词 ithecountryside(加the) Asaresult(加a) Inafact 介词 o→with(thedevelopmentof…) Withthehelpby→of from…toward→to 连词 o→and Although…but→yet 1)两句间加;
2)during→when(引导状从) 逻辑关系 ()somewhere→everywhere never→ever
三、命题原则
1）短文长度
2）短文难度
3）难题是如何命置的？
四、格式要规范
“四不改原则”、“五不动原则”
五、短文改错错误设置规律及改正方法
1、冠词
错误类型：①不定冠词a和an的误用；
元音发音开头的单词前用a修饰，辅音发音开头的单词前用an修饰
②定冠词the和不定冠词的误用。
表示“一……”的含义时不用a/an修饰名词，然而不可数名词前却用a/an修饰；表示特指时不用the修饰名词，不表示特指时却用the修饰名词；在某些习惯表达中随便使用the。
改正方法：分析语境逻辑看有关名词表示特指还是泛指，表示特指时用the修饰，表示泛指且有“一……”之意时，元音发音开头的单词前用an修饰，辅音发音开头的单词前用a修饰。同时还应注意习惯表达中冠词的使用情况。
冠词当堂练：
[例1]Besides,afriendisalwaysgoodlistenerwhenyouneedone.
[例2]JustbeforeIturnedcornerofParkStreet,Ihappenedtoseeanaccident.
[例3]Besides,Cleotendstobarkaaverageofsixhoursaday.
2、名词
错误类型：名词单复数错误；名词所有格错误。
改正方法：①分析修饰语的单复数意义、主谓一致的特点和语境意义可以发现并改正名词单复数错误。
②分析前后两个名词之间有无所属关系可以发现并改正名词所有格错误。
常考的不可数名词有fun,progress,advice,information,equipment,furniture,news等。
名词当堂练：
[例1]…givemesomeadvicesonhowtowritelikearealwriter.
[例2]Christiewasoneofmybestfriendathighschool.
[例3]WhenIfinallyarrivedatmyfriendhelentmelotsofclothes.
[例4]Iwasplayingatmycousinhouse.
3、形容词和副词
错误类型：①形容词和副词的误用；
②形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的误用。
改正方法：表语和补语为形容词，名词前的定语为形容词;
副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词、过去分词、介词短语或整个句子；
比较级用于两个人、物之间做比较；
最高级用于三个或以上的人、物之间做比较。
形容词和副词当堂练：
[例1]Ihadtotryhardlynottolaughathershockedface!
[例2]Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.
[例3]Whenshedroppedmeoff,Ipulledoutthetoyslowandgaveitback.
[例4]IlearnedearlyinlifethatIhadtobemorepatientandlittleaggressive.
[例5]…becauseIwassofartheraway,andthatmymotherwouldnotsleepifsheknew.
4、代词
错误类型：①人称代词主格和宾格的误用；
②代词前后指代的误用；
③不定代词的误用；
④反身代词的误用。
改正方法：①分析上下文弄清人称代词的正确指代；
②主格人称代词作主语，宾格人称代词作宾语，形容词性物主代词作定语，名词性物主代词作主语、宾语和表语，反身代词作宾语或同位语。
③分析句子成分可以发现并改正缺少的人称代词。
代词当堂练：
[例1]Iwashappywhenthetoysworked,butwhenthingswentwrong,Igotangryandbrokeit.
[例2]Afterweleft,Isaid,“Thatwasveryniceofyou,Mother.ButIdidn’tthinkshelookedlikeGrandma.”“Neitherdidme,”saidMothercheerfully.
[例3]TherewasoneinparticularI’dalwayswanted.Iputintomypocketwhenhewasn’tlooking.
[例4]Forawhileparentsboughtmenewtoys.
5、介词
错误类型：多用、少用与误用介词。
改正方法：分析语境逻辑及检查介词与动词、名词、形容词、副词等的搭配。常考查含有介词的固定短语，因此要加强对短语的积累。
介词当堂练：
[例1]Fromthenon,we’vekepttouchwitheachotherthroughe-mails.
[例2]I’msorrythatIwasn’tabletoreturntoyourbikeontimeyesterday.
[例3]Twoyearsago,ItraveledtoBrazilandIrentedforacar.
[例4]ItwassokindforyoutoletusbringAnne’sfriend,Gina.
6、动词
错误类型：①动词的时态和语态误用；②主谓一致误用。
改正方法：命题人经常在动词的形态上设置错误，特别是一般现在时和一般过去时，现在完成时、过去完成时和一般过去时之间的替换是命题人命题的热点，因此看到动词时，一定要根据上下文和时间状语检查动词的时态和语态的运用及谓语的单复数是否正确。
动词当堂练：
[例1]Mysistersawalovelycupwhenweareshoppingtheotherday.
[例2]Thereexistnowaparkthathasasmallriverrunningthrough.
[例3]ThemarketatthecornerofFriendshipStreetandXinhuaRoadhasbeengivenwaytoasupermarket.
[例4]Unfortunately,bythetimeIgotback,theyhavefinishedthesceneandtheactorcouldn’tbeseenanywhere.
7、非谓语动词
错误类型：①不定式符号to的多余与遗漏；
②to后跟动词原形或动名词的误用；
③介词后动词形态的误用；
④现在分词与过去分词的误用。
⑤动词与非谓语动词混用错误
改正方法：①不作谓语的动词必须用非谓语动词，具体形式由非谓语成分决定。
②要牢记make、have、let后跟动词作宾补时不加to，作主补时要加to；
③介词后作宾语的动词形态用动名词形式；
④现在分词和过去分词的区别为：前者表示“动作主动和进行”，后者表示“动作被动和完成”。
⑤考生要加强对含to短语的积累和总结，注意to何时能够省略，何时为介词，何时为不定式。
非谓语动词当堂练：
[例1]Ilookforwardtoseeheragaininthenearfuture.
[例2]Afterhearyoursadstories,hewillsaysomewordsthatisniceandwarm.
[例3]IfindthattheneighborhoodwhichIusedtolivinginhaschangedalot.
[例4]SoIhelpedthemgoingtothenearesthospital.
[例5]IwasattheShanhaiRailwayStationbuyatickettoHangzhou.
[例6]InoticedMotherlookingatanearbytableoccupybyanelderlywomanandayoungcouple.
8、逻辑关系
错误类型：①否定词特别是not、never等的漏用；
②连词的多用、少用和误用；
③定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的误用，特别是which与that的误用；
④名词性从句中连接词的误用，特别是what和that的误用。
改正方法：在整句理解的基础上，理清前后句的逻辑关系，特别注意and、or、but、after、before、however、therefore、besides、unless、if等词的使用是否正确。另外，考生在理解句意的基础上正确判断句子结构和层次，判断定语从句和名词性从句引导词的使用是否正确。
逻辑关系当堂练：
[例1]AllIhadtodowastowriteastoryorpresentit.
[例2]Itwasturnedouttobeherowncup,thatshe’dleftontheshelfbymistake.
[例3]Intheend,wedrovetoaservicestationandwaitedthereunlesstheroadwasclear.
[例4]Theairkeepingtheballoonupwasescapingquicklyandtheballoonwascomingup.
六、利用歌诀，理清思路
“短文改错要做好，常见类型应记牢，
名词爱考“数”与“格”，冠词在前“错”“多”“少”，动词时态和语态，非谓语搭配莫错了，连代形副错一样，多是故意来混淆，介词多半错搭配，多漏误用想周到，句法涉及到“一致”①，从句关系词常考，词法句法均未错，逻辑推理去寻找，“127”惯常比②，回读复查敲定稿。”
注：①“一致”：包括主谓一致，代词及相应的限定词在数、性、称方面的一致，主语与主语补语，宾语和宾语补语的一致等。
②“127”：指的是通常10个题一处（或两处）属多余，两处（或一处）需补加成分，6处需更改。当然，此非“定势”，仅作参考。?
七、限时训练：5分钟
2016届高三广州六校第一次联考
Beingresponsibleisactuallynotthatdifficult.Iusedtothinkitishardtogrowupintoaresponsiblememberofthesociety.AnincidenthappeninginarainySundayafternoonchangedmyattitude.Iwasonmywaytothebookstoreandwaswaitingforthegreenlightwhileagirlwasknockeddownbypassingcar,whichdroveoffquickly.AmanimmediatelygaveherfirstaidandIhadjoinedinwithouthesitation.Soonmanyhelpwasgiventothegirl.Becausewesenthertothenearesthospitalsintime,shewasabletoreceiveproperlytreatment.Notbadlyinjured,Iexpressedgratitudetothosegivinghelp.Comparedwiththeescapingdriver,IwasproudofwhatIdid.
短文改错专题训练
1.【2015·陕西】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌系的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线（），并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Mysoccercoachretiredinlastweek.Iwantedtodoanythingspecialforhimathisretirementparty.Mymummakesthebetterbiscuitsintheworld,soIdecidetoaskherforhelp.Mumtaughtmesomebasicstepofbaking.Iinsistedondoingmostofthebakingmyself.Ithoughtthebiscuitswerereallywell.MyonlymistakewasthatIdroppedsomeonthefloorafterIwaspackingthemup.
Ataparty,mycoach,withabiscuitinhismouth,askedsurprisinglywhomadethemandjoked,“Imighthavetoretireagainnextyearjustgetsomemoreofthesebiscuits.”
Myfavoritepictureatthepartyisofmycoachandmeenjoythebiscuitswithhappylaughter!
2.【2015·四川】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
Hi,Janice,
It''sbeenamonthsinceIcametothisnewschoolandIreallywantsharewithyousomeoftheproblemsIhavebeenexperiencing.
AsItellyoulasttime,Imadethreenewfriendhere.Wehangouttogetherduringlunchand
afterschool.We''vebeenspendingalotoftimesinginkaraokebars.It''sbeenthreeSaturdays
nowanditreallycostsmemany.AndIstartedtoseethisasatime—wastingactivity!Infact,Idon’tliketogoanymore,soI’mafraidI’lllosetheirfriendship.HowdoyouthinkIshoulddo?Ifyouareme,wouldyoutalktohim?
Pleasehelpwithmeandgivemesomeadvice.
Grace
3.【2015·浙江】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
Myoldclassroomwasinterestingbecausethreesideoftheclassroomweremadefromglass.Ienjoyedsitclosetothewindowsandlookingattheview.Ontheleft-handsideoftheclass,Icouldeasyseethefootballfield.Inthemornings,itwasfullofstudentsexercising.Theviewfromthebackoftheclassroomisalsosplendid.Closetotheschooltherewasabeautifulparkwithmanytreesaroundthem.Fartherinthedistance,Icouldnotenjoytheviewofsnowymountains.Ontherightsideoftheclasswastheroad.Iwasalwaysinterestedtoseethedriversinhurryinthemorning.ThepositionoftheclassroomwithitsviewmademefeltlikeIwasdreaming.IfIwasonlyachildwhenIstudiedinthatclassroom,Iwillneverforgetit.
4.【2015·新课标全国II】
Oneday,littleTonywenttoashoppingcenterwithhisparent.Itwasverycrowded.Tonysawatoyonashopwindow.Helikeditsoverymuchthathequicklywalkedintotheshop.Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry.Awomansawhimdryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsideashop.Fiveminuteslater,Tonysawparents.Momsaid,“Hownicetoseeyouagain!DadandIwereterribleworried.”Tonypromisedherthatthiswouldneverhappenagain.
5.【2015·新课标全国I】
WhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.NowIamlivinginacity,butImissmyhomeincountryside.Theretheairiscleanorthemountainsaregreen.Unfortunately,onthedevelopmentofindustrialization,theenvironmenthasbeenpolluted.Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriouslyproblem.Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.Wemustfoundwaystoprotectyourenvironment.Ifwefailtodoso,we’lllivetoregretit..
6.（成都七中高2016届高三上期英语开学考试试题
Itwasdinnertime.Mr.andMrs.Smithwereabouttobegintheirdinnerthentheyfindthattheirson,Mike,wasn’tthereyet.SoMrs.Smithaskedherhusbandtogoandfindhim.Mr.SmithwenttoMike’sroomandfoundMikelayingonhisfaceonthefloor,readabook.Hewaslaughing!Mr.Smithtoldhimtogofordinner,andheleftquiteunwilling.Wonderingthatwhatabsorbedhissonsomuch,Mr.Smithtookalookatthebook.NowMrs.SmithandMikewereatthetable,waitingMr.Smith.Shegotquitepatientandsenthersonforhisfather.Mikewentbacktohisroom.Tohisgreatsurprised,hesawhisfatherlyingonthefloor,readingthesamestorybookofhers!
（四川省广安市邻水中学2016届高三暑假考试英语试题）
Anger,anormalemotion,ifnotproperlyexpress,canbeharmfultopeople''shealth.Doctorssuggestthatwelearnttodealwithangerinacalmandreasonableway.
Asweknow,gettingangrynotonlydoesharmtoone''shealthbutalsohaveabadeffectontherelationshipamongpeople.Sometimesexpressingangertoostrongcanleadtosevereresults.
However,inmanycase,angermaybeavoidedifwecanunderstandeachotherbetter.Forinstance,someonemayhavedonesomethingaboutityouareveryangry,butinfacthe/shemeannoharm.Soitisquiteunnecessaryforyoutogetangry.Ifsomeonedoesdosomewrong,trytoputhimselfinhis/herpositionandunderstandhim/her.Ifyoufindthatreallynecessarytoexpressanger,trytodoitinacalm,reasonableway.Rememberlosingyourtemperdoesgoodtoneitheryounortheotherperson.
8.（汕头市金山中学201-2016年度高第学期DearSir,
I''mwritingtorequestavaluablechancetobeoneofthehostfamilyfortheBritishstudents．Locatinginabeautifulandquietneighborhood,ourlargefully-equippedapartmentmeetsall
theirneeds．theconvenientpublictransportation,ourowncarcanalsobringthemto
somenearbyplacesofinterest．WithfluentEnglish,I''msureIwillhavenodifficultycommunicate
withthem．Aboveall,wehavehostedtwoBritishstudentslastyear,throughitwe''vegained
lotsofexperience．’smore,mymotherisagoodcookerandcanguaranteeusawonderful
chanceoftastingdeliciousChinesefood．IwouldgreatlyappreciateyouifIcouldhavethechancetohostthemandmakefriendswiththem．
Lookingforwardtoyourreply．Yours,LiHua
9.（珠海市2015-2016学年第一学期高三摸底考试）
OneeveningafterworkJohndroveawayhis
secretaryhomebecauseshefailstostarthercar.Notwanttobotherhiswife,Maureen,hedecided
nottomentionittoher.Laterthatnight,JohnandMaureenweredrivingouttoeatwhileJohn
spottedahigh-heeledshoehidunderthepassengerseat.Pointingtoanythingoutofthe
passengerwindowtodistractthewife,hepickeduptheshoeandtosseditoutofhiswindow.They
arrivedintherestaurantashorttimelater.Whentheywereabouttogetoutofcar,Maureen
enquired,“John,haveyouseenmyothershoes?”
（河北省正定中学2015届高三1月月考英语试题）
Eventoday,amanwithgoodmannerwillpolitelyopenthedoorforalady,helpherputonhercoatwhennecessaryandseehersafelytothedoorofherhomebeforeadate.Whenamantakesawomanoutforadinner,itisconsideredimpolitetohelpherwithherchairwhenshegetsuporsitsdown.Onacrowdingtrainorbus,itisproperforamanofferawomanhisseat,particularifsheisoldorcarriesababy.Evenwhenitcomestoshakehands,ladiescomefirst.Itisimpoliteforamantoextendhishandforahandshakeuponfirstgreeting.Unlessawomandoesnotextendherhandtothemanfirst,themanshouldn’toffertheirs.
（河南省南阳市第一中学2015届高三下学期第三次模拟考试英语试题）
Lastweekendwegomountainclimbing.Eventheheavyraininthemorningcouldnotpreventusgoing.Setoffveryearly,wewentalonganextremenarrowroad,allinhighspirits.Oneverysideoftheroadwasgreenfieldsandsomefarmhouses.Wecouldhearthesoundoftherainandourfootstepsmixingwithourlaughter.Atnoonwereachedthetopofthemountain.Thatsurprisedusmosttherewasthebeautyofscenes.Afterhavingshortrestthereandsharingwiththefoodwehadbrought,westartedgoingdown.Itrainedevenharder.Wewerewettotheskin,andwestillsangandlaughedhappily.
（河北省冀州中学2014届高三3月摸底考试英语试题）
Therearemanydifferentsignsinthepublic.Theytellyouwhattodoorwhatnottodoinaplace.Doyouknowwhattheyexactmean?Forexample,ifyougotoseeafilm,youshouldenterthecinemaattheENTRANCEandleavefortheEXIT.YouwilleitherfindNOSMOKINGsignsinmanycinemas.Ifyouvisitamuseum,don’ttakesomephotosinsidethehalls.Youarenotallowed.YouwillfindNOPHOTOSsignsinmanymuseum.Whenyoudriveacar,don’tparkinastreetwithoutaNOPARKINGsign.Makingsureyouunderstoodthesignsandyouwon’tgetintoanytrouble.
13.（山东省鲁东半岛四地市联盟学校2015年高考最后冲刺模拟考试英语试卷（押题卷））DearJinJing，
Yourpiscommonproblemamongmiddleschoolstudents.Maybethefollowingadvicescanhelpyou.Firstinall,believeinyourself.Yourgreatestproblemisthatyoulackself-confidence.Thefirstthingyoumustdoitistosmileatyourclassmates.Onesmilespeaksloudaboutyourwishtomakefriendsthananyword.Yoursmilewillshowthatyouarefriendlytohim.Next,tryingtalkingwithastudentwhoisasshyasyouorwhosharethesameinterestasyou.Youcandiscussyourstudieswithaclassmateandyoucanalsotalkaboutyourhobbies.Unlessanyoneisintrouble,youshouldbereadytohelphimorher.Onceyouhaveconfidence,youcanmakeasmanyfriendsaspossibly.
Yours,
Lily
（2015年全国高考新课标卷I5月模拟考试英语试卷）
Jackisonlychildinthefamily,thatisprobablywhyheissomuchspoiled.Thoughhisparentsclearknowtheyneedtobestrictwithhimsometimes,buttheysimplygivehimwhateverhewants.Helikeshistoryandgeographybutreallyhatemathsandphysics.Hefailsinthesetwosubjectslastweekagain.Hismothercomplainsthathespendstoomuchtimeplaycomputergamesandthebasketball.Histeacher,MrsGreenmadeasuggestionthatJackmovestotheapartmentclosetoherhousesothatshecanhelphimforhismathsatweekendsoronholidays.
15.（河北省衡水中学2015届高三上学期第十九周周测英语试题）
Alexander?was?a?militarygeniusorgreatexplorer.Buthealsohadagreatambition.Hewantedtoruleacountrythatpeoplecouldliveinpeacewithoneanother.From330to327BC,Alexanderledhissoldiereast,throughAfghanistanandintoCentralAsia.Ashetravel,hebuiltmorecities.Heorderedsoldiers,merchants,andscholarsfrommanylandstosettlehere.
In?326?BCAlexander?turnedsouth,intoIndia.Butbynowhismenweretiredandweak.Theywerefarhomeinanunknownland.Thesoldiersrefusedtogofarther.Unwillingly,Alexanderturnedback.By323BC,hereachedforBabyloninIraq.Therehecaughtfeveranddiedattheageof33.Hiscountrywasdividedbetweenhisgenerals.
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