SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Chooset
hebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or
[D]ontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Whydopeoplereadnegative
Internetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepain
ful?Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto1uncertainty,accor
dingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearch
revealsthattheneedtoknowisstrongthatpeoplewill2tosa
tisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill3.I
naseriesofexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversit
yofChicagoandtheWisconsinschoolofBusinesstestedstudents
’willingnessto4themselvestounpleasantstimuliinaneffort
tosatisfycuriosity.Forone5,eachparticipantwasshownapi
leofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexper
iment.Thetwist?Halfofthepenswould6anelectricshockwhen
clicked.Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwithpenswereelectrif
ied;anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrifi
ed.7leftaloneintheroom.Thestudentswhodidnotknowwhich
oneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocks
thanthestudentswhoknewthatwould8.Subsequentexperiments
reproducedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,9thesoundoffinger
nailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.The
driveto10isdeeplyrootedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasi
cdrivesfor11orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversi
tyofChicago.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct—itc
an12newscientificadvances,forinstance—butsometimessuch13
canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo14
thingsisaprofoundone.Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto15,
however.Inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouraged
to16howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewer
elesslikelyto17toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestt
hatimaginingthe18offollowingthroughonone’scuriosityahea
doftimecanhelpdetermine19itisworththeendeavor.Thinkin
gaboutlong-term20iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegativeeff
ectsofcuriosity,”Hseesays.Inotherwords,don’treadonlinec
omments.1.A.ignoreB.protectC.discussD.resolve2.A.refuseB.se
ekC.waitD.regret3.A.riseB.lastC.hurtD.mislead4.A.alertB.e
xposeC.tieD.treat5.A.trialB.messageC.reviewD.concept6.A.re
moveB.deliverC.weakenD.interrupt7.A.UnlessB.IfC.WhenD.Thou
gh8.A.changeB.continueC.disappearD.happen9.A.suchasB.rathe
rthanC.regardlessofD.owingto10.A.disagreeB.forgiveC.disco
verD.forget11.A.payB.foodC.marriageD.schooling12.A.beginwi
thB.restonC.leadtoD.learnfrom13.A.inquiryB.withdrawalC.p
ersistenceD.diligence14.A.self-deceptiveB.self-reliantC.self-
evidentD.self-destructive15.A.traceB.defineC.replaceD.resist
16.A.concealB.overlookC.designD.predict17.A.chooseB.remembe
rC.promiseD.pretend18.A.reliefB.outcomeC.planD.duty19.A.ho
wB.whyC.whereD.whether20.A.limitationsB.investmentsC.conseq
uencesD.strategiesSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirect
ions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbelowe
achtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Markyouranswersonth
eANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1ItiscuriousthatStephenKoz
iatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhiseffortstogiv
ehisstudentsabetterfuture.Mr.Koziatekispartofsomething
pioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwhere
learningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanicalmemo
rization,butpractical.Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthat
studentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnited
StatesbutbeutterlyoverwhelmedbyabrokenbikeChain?AsKozi
atekknow,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingis
necessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagr
affitieddeskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Th
eycanalsolearngeometrybyassemblingabicycle.Buthe’salso
foundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsis
seenasalmostamarkofinferiority.Schoolinthefamilyofvoc
ationaleducation“havethatstereotype...thatit’sforkidswho
can’tmakeitacademically,”hesays.Ononehand,thatviewpoint
isalogicalproductofAmerica’sevolution.Manufacturingisnot
theeconomicenginethatitoncewas.ThejobsecuritythattheUS
economyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevapor
ated.Moreeducationisthenewprinciple.Wewantmoreforourki
ds,andrightfullyso.Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor’sdegre
esforall—andthesubtledevaluingofanythingless—missesanim
portantpoint:That’snottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneed
s.Yes,abachelor’sdegreeopensmoredoors.Butevennow,54percent
ofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstruc
tionandhigh-skillmanufacturing.Butonly44percentofworkers
areadequatelytrained.Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworking
classhasturnedthecountryonitspoliticalhead,frustratedth
attheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericaisvanishing,oneobv
ioussolutionisstaringusintheface.Thereisagapinworking
-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren’tequi
ppedtodothem.Koziatek’sManchesterSchoolofTechnologyHighS
choolistryingtofillthatgap.Koziatek’sschoolisawake-up
call.Wheneducationbecomesone-size-fits-all,itrisksoverlooki
nganation’sdiversityofgifts.21.Abrokenbikechainismenti
onedtoshowstudents’lackof.A.academictrainingB.practicala
bilityC.pioneeringspiritD.mechanicalmemorization22.Thereexi
ststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho.A.ha
veastereotypedmindB.havenocareermotivationC.arefinancial
lydisadvantagedD.arenotacademicallysuccessful23.wecaninfe
rfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates.A.usedtohavemor
ejobopportunitiesB.usedtohavebigfinancialconcernsC.aree
ntitledtomoreeducationalprivilegesD.arereluctanttoworkin
manufacturing24.Theheadlongpushintobachelorsdegreesforal
l.A.helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobsB.maynarrowthegap
inworking-classjobsC.indicatestheovervaluingofhighereduc
ationD.isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforce25.Theau
thor’sattitudetowardKoziatek’sschoolcanbedescribedas.A.t
olerantB.cautiousC.supportiveD.disappointedText2Whilefossi
lfuels—coal，oil，gas—stillgenerateroughly85percentofthewor
ld’senergysupply,it''sclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelong
storenewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar.Themovetorenewab
lesispickingupmomentumaroundtheworld：Theynowaccountfor
morethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.Somegrowthst
emsfromacommitmentbygovernmentsandfarsightedbusinessesto
fundcleanerenergysources.Butincreasinglythestoryisabout
theplummetingpricesofrenewables，especiallywindandsolar.The
costofsolarpanelshasdroppedby80percentandthecostofw
indturbinesbyclosetoone-thirdinthepasteightyears.Inma
nypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalene
rgysource.InScotland，forexample，windturbinesprovideenoughe
lectricitytopower95percentofhomes.Whiletherestofthewor
ldtakesthelead，notablyChinaandEurope，theUnitedStatesisa
lsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch，forthefirsttime，windan
dsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergen
eratedintheUS，reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministratio
n.PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels—especiallycoal—as
thepathtoeconomicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa，hedismis
sedwindpowerasanunreliableenergysource.Butthatmessagedi
dnotplaywellwithmanyinIowa，wherewindturbinesdotthefie
ldsandprovide36percentofthestate’selectricitygeneration—
andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbythea
vailabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.Theques
tion“whathappenswhenthewinddoesn’tbloworthesundoesn’ts
hine?”hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Butaboostint
hestoragecapacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeep
powerflowingaroundtheclockmorelikely.Theadvanceisdriven
inpartbyvehiclemanufacturers，whoareplacingbigbetsonbat
tery-poweredelectricvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestilla
rarityonroadsnow,thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepic
turerapidlyincomingyears.Whilethere’salongwaytogo，the
trendlinesforrenewablesarespiking.Thepaceofchangeinener
gysourcesappearstobespeedingup—perhapsjustintimetohave
ameaningfuleffectinslowingclimatechange.WhatWashingtondo
es—ordoesn’tdo—topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessand
lessatatimeofaglobalshiftinthought.26.Theword“plummeti
ng”(Line3，Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto.A.stabilizingB.chang
ingC.fallingD.rising27.AccordingtoParagraph3，theuseofren
ewableenergyinAmerica.A.isprogressingnotablyB.isasextens
iveasinEuropeC.facesmanychallengesD.hasprovedtobeimpra
ctical28.ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,.A.windisawidelyus
edenergysourceB.windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuelsC.techg
iantsareinvestingincleanenergyD.thereisashortageofclea
nenergysupply29.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanener
gyaccordingtoParagraphs5&6?A.Itsapplicationhasboostedbat
terystorage.B.Itiscommonlyusedincarmanufacturing.C.Itsc
ontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality.D.Itssustainableexploit
ationwillremaindifficult.30.Itcanbeinferredfromthelast
paragraphthatrenewableenergy.A.willbringtheUSclosertoot
hercountriesB.willaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchangeC.is
notreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernmentD.isnotcompetitivee
noughwithregardtoitscostText3Thepowerandambitionofthe
giantsofthedigitaleconomyisastonishing—Amazonhasjustann
ouncedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychainWholeFoodsfor
$13.5bn，buttwoyearsagoFacebookpaidevenmorethanthattoac
quiretheWhatsAppmessagingservice，whichdoesn’thaveanyphysi
calproductatall.WhatWhatsAppofferedFacebookwasanintrica
teandfinelydetailedwebofitsusers’friendshipsandsocialli
ves.FacebookpromisedtheEuropeancommissionthenthatitwould
notlinkphonenumberstoFacebookidentities，butitbrokethep
romisealmostassoonasthedealwentthrough.Evenwithoutknowi
ngwhatwasinthemessages，theknowledgeofwhosentthemandto
whomwasenormouslyrevealingandstillcouldbe.Whatpolitical
journalist，whatpartywhip，wouldnotwanttoknowthemakeupoft
heWhatsAppgroupsinwhichTheresaMay’senemiesarecurrentlypl
otting?ItmaybethatthevalueofWholeFoodstoAmazonisnots
omuchthe460shopsitowns,buttherecordsofwhichcustomers
havepurchasedwhat.Competitionlawappearstobetheonlywayt
oaddresstheseimbalancesofpower.Butitisclumsy.Foronethi
ng,itisveryslowcomparedtothepaceofchangewithinthedig
italeconomy.Bythetimeaproblemhasbeenaddressedandremedi
editmayhavevanishedinthemarketplace,tobereplacedbynew
abusesofpower.Butthereisadeeperconceptualproblem,too.C
ompetitionlawaspresentlyinterpreteddealswithfinancialdisa
dvantagetoconsumersandthisisnotobviouswhentheusersoft
heseservicesdon’tpayforthem.Theusersoftheirservicesare
nottheircustomers.Thatwouldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertising
fromthem—andFacebookandGoogle，thetwovirtualgiants，dominate
digitaladvertisingtothedisadvantageofallothermediaande
ntertainmentcompanies.Theproductthey’resellingisdata，andw
e，theusers，convertourlivestodataforthebenefitofthedigi
talgiants.Justassomeantsfarmthebugscalledaphidsforthe
honeydewtheyproducewhentheyfeed,soGooglefarmsusforthe
datathatourdigitallivesyield.Antskeeppredatoryinsectsawa
yfromwheretheiraphidsfeed;Gmailkeepsthespammersoutofo
urinboxes.Itdoesn’tfeellikeahumanordemocraticrelationshi
p，evenifbothsidesbenefit.31.AccordingtoParagraph1,Faceb
ookacquiredWhatsAppforits.A.digitalproductsB.userinformat
ionC.physicalassetsD.qualityservice32.Linkingphonenumbers
toFacebookidentitiesmay.A.worsenpoliticaldisputesB.messup
customerrecordsC.posearisktoFacebookusersD.misleadtheE
uropeancommission33.Accordingtotheauthor,competitionlaw.A.
shouldservethenewmarketpowersB.mayworsentheeconomicimba
lanceC.shouldnotprovidejustonelegalsolutionD.cannotkeep
pacewiththechangingmarket34.Competitionlawaspresentlyint
erpretedcanhardlyprotectFacebookusersbecause.A.theyareno
tdefinedascustomersB.theyarenotfinanciallyreliableC.the
servicesaregenerallydigitalD.theservicesarepaidforbyadv
ertisers35.Theantsanalogyisusedtoillustrate.A.awin-winb
usinessmodelbetweendigitalgiantsB.atypicalcompetitionpatt
ernamongdigitalgiantsC.thebenefitsprovidedfordigitalgian
ts’customersD.therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheir
usersText4Tocombatthetrapofputtingapremiumonbeingbus
y,CalNewport,authorofDeepwork:RulesforFocusedSuccessina
Distractedworld,recommendsbuildingahabitof“deepwork”—the
abilitytofocuswithoutdistraction.Thereareanumberofappro
achestomasteringtheartofdeepwork—beitlengthyretreatsde
dicatedtoaspecifictask;developingadailyritual;ortakinga
“journalistic”approachtoseizingmomentsofdeepworkwhenyou
canthroughouttheday.Whicheverapproach,thekeyistodetermin
eyourlengthoffocustimeandsticktoit.Newportalsorecomme
nds“deepscheduling”tocombatconstantinterruptionsandgetmor
edoneinlesstime.“Atanygivenpoint,Ishouldhavedeepworksc
heduledforroughlythenextmonth.OnceonthecalendarIprotect
thistimelikeIwouldadoctor’sappointmentorimportantmeetin
g”,hewrites.Anotherapproachtogettingmoredoneinlesstime
istorethinkhowyouprioritizeyourday—inparticularhowwecr
aftourto-dolists.TimHarford,authorofMessy:ThePowerofDis
ordertoTransformOurLives,pointstoastudyintheearly1980s
thatdividedundergraduatesintotwogroups:somewereadvisedto
setoutmonthlygoalsandstudyactivities;othersweretoldtop
lanactivitiesandgoalsinmuchmoredetail,daybyday.Whileth
eresearchersassumedthatthewell-structureddailyplanswould
bemosteffectivewhenitcametotheexecutionoftasks,theywer
ewrong:thedetaileddailyplansdemotivatedstudents.Harfordarg
uesthatinevitabledistractionsoftenrenderthedailyto-dolis
tineffective,whileleavingroomforimprovisationinsuchalist
canreapthebestresults.Inordertomakethemostofourfocu
sandenergy.Wealsoneedtoembracedowntime,orasNewportsugg
ests,“belazy.”“Idlenessisnotjustavacation,anindulgenceor
avice;itisasindispensabletobebrainasVitaminDistothe
body...[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessarytogettinganywor
kdone,”heargues.SriniPillay,anassistantprofessorofpsychia
tryatHarvardMedicalSchool,believesthiscounter-intuitivelin
kbetweendowntimeandproductivitymaybeduetothewayourbra
insoperateWhenourbrainsswitchbetweenbeingfocusedandunfo
cusedonatask,theytendtobemoreefficient.“Whatpeopledon’
trealiseisthatinordertocompletethesetaskstheyneedtou
seboththefocusandunfocuscircuitsintheirbrain”.saysPill
ay.36.Thekeytomasteringtheartofdeepworkisto________.
A.keeptoyourfocustimeB.listyourimmediatetasksC.makespe
cificdailyplansD.seizeeveryminutetowork37.Thestudyint
heearly1980scitedbyHarfordshowsthat________.A.distractio
nsmayactuallyincreaseefficiencyB.dailyschedulesareindispe
nsabletostudyingC.studentsarehardlymotivatedbymonthlygoa
lsD.detailedplansmanynotbeasfruitfulasexpected38.Accor
dingtoNewport,idlenessis________.A.adesirablementalstate
forbusypeopleB.amajorcontributortophysicalhealthC.anef
fectivewaytosavetimeandenergyD.anessentialfactorinacco
mplishinganywork39.Pillaybelievesthatourbrains’shiftbet
weenbeingfocusedandunfocused_______.A.canresultinpsychol
ogicalwell-beingB.canbringaboutgreaterefficiencyC.isaimed
atbetterbalanceinworkD.isdrivenbytaskurgency40.Thiste
xtismainlyabout_______.A.waystorelievethetensionofbusy
lifeB.approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstimeC.thekeyto
eliminatingdistractionsD.thecauseofthelackoffocustimeP
artBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthen
umbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformation
intherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightco
lumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)A.Just
sayitB.BepresentC.PayauniquecomplimentD.Name,places,
thingsE.Findthe“metoo”sF.SkipthesmalltalkG.Askforan
opinionFivewaystomakeconversationwithanyoneConversations
arelinks,whichmeanswhenyouhaveaconversationwithanewp
ersonalinkgetsformedandeveryconversationyouhaveafterth
atmomentwillstrengthenthelink.Youmeetnewpeopleeveryday
:thegroceryworker,thecabdriver,newpeopleatworkorthes
ecurityguardatthedoor.Simplystartingaconversationwithth
emwillformalink.Herearefivesimplewaysthatyoucanmake
thefirstmoveandstartaconversationwithstrangers.41.______
______Supposeyouareinaroomwithsomeoneyoudon’tknowand
somethingwithinyousays“Iwanttotalkwiththisperson”—thisi
ssomethingthemostlyhappenswithallofus.Youwantedtosay
something—thefirstword—butitjustwon’tcomeout.Itfeelslik
eitisstucksomewhere,Iknowthefeelingandhereismyadvice
justgetitout.Justthink:thatistheworstthatcouldhappen?
Theywon’ttalkwithyou?Well,theyarenottalkingwithyouno
w!Itrulybelievethatonceyougetthatfirstwordouteverythi
ngelsewilljustflow.Sokeepitsimple:“Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”—do
thebestyoucantogatheralloftheenthusiasmandenergyyou
can,putonabigsmileandsay“Hi”.42.____________It’saprobl
emallofusface:youhavelimitedtimewiththepersonthatyou
wanttotalkwithandyouwanttomakethistalkmemorable.Hone
stly,ifwegotstuckintherutof“hi”,“hello”,“howareyou?”an
d“what’sgoingon?”youwillfailtogivetheinitialjolttothe
conversationthat’scanmakeitsomemorable.Sodon’tbeafraid
toaskmorepersonalquestions.Trustme,you’llbesurprisedto
seehowmuchpeoplearewillingtoshareifyoujustask.43.____
________Whenyoumeetapersonforthefirsttime,makeaneffor
ttofindthethingswhichyouandthatpersonhaveincommonso
thatyoucanbuildtheconversationfromthatpoint.Whenyousta
rtconversationfromthereandthenmoveoutwards,you’llfindal
lofasuddenthattheconversationbecomesaloteasier.44.____
________Imagineyouarepouringyourheartouttosomeoneandth
eyarejustbusyontheirphone,andifyouaskfortheirattenti
onyougettheresponse“Icanmultitask”.Sowhensomeonetries
tocommunicatewithyou,justbeinthatcommunicationwholeheart
edly.Makeeyecontact,youcanfeeltheconversation.45._______
_____Youallcameintoaconversationwhereyoufirstmetthepe
rson,butaftersometimeyoumayhavemetagainandhaveforgott
entheirname.Isn’tthatawkward!Sorememberthelittledetails
ofthepeopleyoumetoryoutalkedwith;perhapstheplacesthe
yhavebeentotheplacetheywanttogo,thethingstheylike,t
hethingthehate—whateveryoutalkabout.Whenyouremembersuch
thingyoucanautomaticallybecomeinvestorintheirwellbeing.
Sothefeelaresponsibilitytoyoutokeepthatrelationshipgoi
ng.That’sit.Fiveamazingwaysthatyoucanmakeconversationw
ithalmostanyone.Everypersonisareallygoodbooktoread,or
tohaveaconversationwith!SectionⅢTranslation46.Directions
:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Afifthgardergetsahomeworkassignmenttoselecthisfuturecareerpathfromalistofoccupations.Heticks“astronaut”butquicklyadds“scientist”tothelistandselectsitaswell.Theboyisconvincedthatifhereadsenough.Hecanexploreasmanycareerpathsashelikes.Andsohereads—everythingfromencyclopediastosciencefictionnovels.Hereadssopassionatelythathisparentshavetoinstitutea“noreadingpolicy”atthedinnertable.ThatboywasBillGates,andhehasn’tstoppedreadingyet—notevenafterbecomingoneofthemostsciencefictionandreferencebooks;recently,herevealedthathereadsatleastsononfictionbooksayear.Gateschoosesnonfictiontitlebecausetheyexplainhowtheworldworks.“Eachbookopensupnewavenuesofknowledge,”Gatessays.SectionⅣWritingPartA47.Directions:SupposeyouhavetocancelyourtravelplanandwillnotbeabletovisitProfessorSmith.Writehimanemailto1)apologizeandexplainthesituation,and2)suggestafuturemeeting.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownname.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwriteyouraddress.(10points)PartB48.Directions：Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwritingyoushould1)interpretthechartand2)giveyourcommentsYoushouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points) |
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