Chapter 4 Features of News Discourse纪实类英语新闻特征评论类英语新闻特征解释性英语新闻特征特写类英语新
闻特征第一节 纪实类英语新闻特征1. 写作结构主要有“倒金字塔结构”和“金字塔结构”两种形式纪实类英语新闻是对当下社会中新近发生的
热点事实或典型人物运用叙述、描写、抒情、议论等多种手法，具体、生动、形象地进行叙述报道的一种新闻形式。纪实类英语新闻的写作结构和内
容形式等通常具有以下特征：2. 内容形式注重新闻性、选择题材追求新型化、报道对象体现生活化1. 写作结构主要有“倒金字塔结构”和“
金字塔结构”两种形式例文：Biden: ‘Every indication’ Russia prepared to attack
Ukraine KYIV, Ukraine — U.S. President Joe Biden warned Thursd
ay that Russia could still invade Ukraine within days, and the No
. 2 diplomat at the U.S. Embassy in Moscow was expelled as tensio
ns flared anew in the worst East-West standoff in decades.1）倒金字塔结
构：倒金字塔结构的实质是倒叙法，是按照新闻价值的大小，即新闻事实的重要程度，把最重要的内容放在最前面，依次将新闻事实以重要性递减的
顺序写出的一种结构形式。NATO allies accused Russia of misleading the world wi
th “disinformation” by saying it was returning some troops to the
ir bases – one of the gestures Russia made this week that briefly
cooled temperatures and raised hopes for peace. Russia is believ
ed to have some 150,000 forces around Ukraine’s borders.Speaking
at the White House, Biden said Washington saw no signs of a Russi
an withdrawal of forces, and said the U.S. has “reason to believe
” that Russia is “engaged in a false flag operation to have an ex
cuse to go in.”He told reporters: “Every indication we have is th
ey''re prepared to go into Ukraine, attack Ukraine.”The State Depa
rtment said Russia ordered the deputy chief of mission to the U.S
. Embassy in Moscow, Bart Gorman, to leave the country, calling t
he move “unprovoked” and “an escalatory step.” Russia provided no
details of why he was expelled.Tensions also spiked along the li
ne that separates Ukrainian forces from Russia-backed separatists
in the country’s east, with the parties accusing each other of i
ntensive shelling.Russia held out an offer of diplomacy, handing
the U.S. a response Thursday to offers to engage in talks on limi
ting missile deployments in Europe, restrictions on military dril
ls and other confidence-building measures. …
(The Associated Press, Feb. 17
, 2022)这则消息采用的是倒金字塔结构，消息开头开门见山地将最重要的新闻事实写在导语里，让读者可以对消息全文一目了然，即：U.
S. President Joe Biden warned Thursday that Russia could still in
vade Ukraine within days, and the No. 2 diplomat at the U.S. Emba
ssy in Moscow was expelled as tensions flared anew in the worst E
ast-West standoff in decades. 最重要的新闻事实同时也是读者感觉最新鲜、最关心的问题。从第二段开始至结
尾是这则消息的正文部分，正文部分对导语的细节信息进行了逐步详细叙述，起到了解释说明导语的作用，事实以重要性递减的顺序排列。例文：5
years ago, these women launched a side hustle for Black figure s
katers— now Olympians are wearing their tights Imani Rickerby
and Jasmine Snead had a problem. It was 2017, and the College
Park, Maryland-based synchronized skating coaches had preteen and
teenage athletes falling apart during competitions. Confidence d
rained, their shoulders slumped before they even took to the ice.
2）金字塔结构：金字塔结构的实质是顺叙法，是按照新闻事件发生的时间先后顺序，先发生的放在前面，后发生的放在后面，依次按照新闻事实的
时间顺序写出的一种结构形式。The coaches, both Black women, knew what their pred
ominantly Black team was competitively – and emotionally – strugg
ling with. Rickerby, now 26, remembers her childhood teammates’ m
atching makeup and tights complimented their complexions. Hers di
dn’t. “I didn’t feel like I belonged in the sport at all,” she te
lls CNBC Make It.With Sydney Parker, 25, a former dancer and thei
r sorority sister at the University of Maryland, College Park, th
ey started hand-dyeing their own tights. They bought dyes from cr
aft stores and hand-mixed the colors with vinegar in their apartm
ent, creating shades to match Black skin tones.Today, their start
-up Aurora Tights says it’s the country’s most inclusive hosiery
brand, designing tights for hundreds of figure skaters, dancers,
cheerleaders and gymnasts. That includes Team USA pairs skater As
hley Cain-Gribble, who is competing in the 2022 Winter Olympic Ga
mes in Beijing.Team Canada pairs skater Vanessa James and two-tim
e Olympian Maé-Bérénice Méité are also brand ambassadors, and U.S
. skater Starr Andrews has her own shade of hosiery on the compan
y’s website. In Netflix’s limited series “Inventing Anna,” the fa
ux heiress’ friend Neff wears Aurora Tights in multiple episodes,
the hosiery company says.Perhaps most notably, Aurora Tights is
still a side-hustle — and a profitable one, too, according to the
company. All three co-founders say they intend to keep their ful
l-time jobs elsewhere, unless another company buys the brand.…
(CNBC, Feb. 17, 2022)这则消息采用的是金字塔结构，消息以自然
的叙事笔调按照事件发展的时间顺序依次叙述，逐渐把事件情节一步一步展现在读者面前，把最重要、最精彩的内容放在后面。从这则消息的内容可
以看到十分明显的时间顺序标志，即：It was 2017, and the College Park, Maryland-base
d synchronized skating coaches had preteen and teenage athletes f
alling apart during competitions. … Today, their start-up Aurora
Tights says it’s the country’s most inclusive hosiery brand, desi
gning tights for hundreds of figure skaters, dancers, cheerleader
s and gymnasts. 事件的开头就是消息的开头，事件的结尾就是消息的结尾，直至把事件的整个经过写完，让读者了解事件的全过
程。金字塔结构的缺点是开头不能吸引读者，精华部分蕴藏在长篇叙述之中，需要读者耐心读完全部内容，才能了解事件真相。2. 内容形式注重
新闻性、选择题材追求新型化、报道对象体现生活化例文：USPS reform must pass Congress Some
overdue good news of a bipartisan kind could be en route to local
mailboxes soon.纪实类英语新闻最基本的特点是新闻性，真实的事件和人物对读者产生的亲切感、参与感和冲击力最具有新闻性
。纪实类英语新闻的选择题材需要不断追求新型化，读者的阅读兴奋点不断变化，对新型题材更感兴趣，对老旧题材不感兴趣。纪实类英语新闻的报
道对象要体现生活化，读者喜欢原汁原味生活化的故事，厌恶修饰加工显得虚假的文章。The Postal Service Reform
Act, awaiting final action in Congress, would continue 6-day deli
very, bolster the bureaucracy’s underlying finances, and go a lon
g way to ensuring the post office remains a key institution in Am
erican life.The importance of this sprawling behemoth is abundant
ly clear.With the rise of mail-order pharmacies, many residents —
especially veterans and senior citizens — use the mail to receiv
e their medications. People pay bills and stay in touch with the
U.S. Postal Service’s help. Post office buildings themselves are
an important presence in the lives of local communities.The opera
tion is staggering in size and complexity. The Postal Service lik
es to tout statistics estimating that it processes an average of
17.7 million mail pieces each hour, pays $2.1 billion in salaries
and benefits every two weeks, and on an international scale, pro
cesses and delivers close to half the world’s mail volume.Yet thi
s crucial operation is threatened on multiple fronts. Mail is too
frequently late. In recent years, the USPS has lost billions of
dollars annually. Time and again the organization has lagged behi
nd on technology and changing consumer demands and found itself h
amstrung by poor decisions, its required duties, and governmental
mandates.The needed reforms would overhaul some major liabilitie
s, saving billions by pushing employees to enroll in Medicare whe
n eligible, and ditching a costly health benefits prefunding requ
irement.…
(Newsday, Feb. 16, 2022)首先，从内容形式上
来分析，这则消息叙述的是美国《邮政服务改革法案》正在等待国会的最终决定的新闻事件，邮政服务在美国人日常生活中具有十分重要的作用，与
每个人的生活息息相关，例如：The importance of this sprawling behemoth is abunda
ntly clear. With the rise of mail-order pharmacies, many resident
s — especially veterans and senior citizens — use the mail to rec
eive their medications. People pay bills and stay in touch with t
he U.S. Postal Service’s help. Post office buildings themselves a
re an important presence in the lives of local communities. 因此，关系
到美国邮政服务的《邮政服务改革法案》引起所有美国人关注，这一事件本身就具有很强的新闻性。其次，这则消息选择题材也体现了纪实类英语新
闻追求题材上的新型化。邮政服务虽然是存在于美国社会中司空见怪、不足为奇的题材，但是邮政服务正在面临许多当下十分严重的新问题，影响了
美国人的生活质量，而这些新问题的亟待解决就需要进行新的改革，例如：Yet this crucial operation is th
reatened on multiple fronts. Mail is too frequently late. In rece
nt years, the USPS has lost billions of dollars annually. Time an
d again the organization has lagged behind on technology and chan
ging consumer demands and found itself hamstrung by poor decision
s, its required duties, and governmental mandates. 因此，美国邮政服务所面临的新
问题就具有纪实类英语新闻的题材新型化特征。最后，这则消息报道的对象体现了很强的生活化。美国邮政服务和《邮政服务改革法案》与美国人的
日常生活息息相关，因此这一新闻事件的报道对象具有鲜明的生活化特征。PracticeTranslate the following
English news into Chinese.Bank of America CEO Brian Moynihan says
U.S. consumer spending ‘very strong’ in FebruaryU.S. consumers ar
e spending more money while also growing savings in a positive si
gn for the economy, according to Bank of America CEO Brian Moynih
an.Moynihan told CNBC’s Jim Cramer on Wednesday that spending on
Bank of America cards has jumped by as much as 20% from last year
.“When you look at the core spending levels of consumers, they co
ntinue to be very strong,” Moynihan said. “January’s up nearly 15
to 20% [from a year earlier]; we’re seeing that continue into Fe
bruary.”Bank of America is the second-biggest U.S. bank by assets
, after only JPMorgan Chase. Its relationships with U.S. househol
ds, small businesses and corporations give Moynihan a unique view
into the health of the economy.While there was concern that cons
umer bank account balances would plunge after government stimulus
programs ended, that hasn’t been the case yet, Moynihan said. In
stead, balances have risen for the “last six or seven months,” ac
cording to the CEO.“The second thing is that consumers have more
money in their account,” Moynihan said. “So in the month of Janua
ry their accounts grew again, especially for consumers that carry
lower balances.”Moynihan said that his bank was poised to genera
te more earnings in a rising rate environment. The Federal Reserv
e is expected to start hiking its benchmark rate next month.The w
ide-ranging interview covered the bank’s technology investments.
As of last month, Bank of America had 16 million active Zelle use
rs, and last year Zelle transactions exceeded paper checks for th
e first time.
(CNBC, Feb. 16, 2022)Answer
美国银行首席执行官布莱恩·莫伊尼汉说：美国2月份消费者支出“非常强劲”美国银行首席执行官布莱恩·莫伊尼汉表示，美国消费者正在增加支
出，同时储蓄也在增加，这对经济来说是一个积极的信号。周三，莫伊尼汉告诉CNBC的吉姆·克莱默，美国银行的信用卡消费比去年增长了20
%。 莫伊尼汉说：“当你看一看消费者的核心支出水平时，你会发现他们仍然非常强劲。” “1月份(与去年同期相比)增长了近15%至2
0%; 我们将看到这种情况持续到2月份。美国银行是美国资产规模仅次于摩根大通的第二大银行。它与美国家庭、小企业和公司的关系，让莫伊
尼汉对美国经济的健康状况有了独特的看法。莫伊尼汉表示，尽管有人担心消费者银行账户余额会在政府刺激计划结束后大幅下降，但目前情况并非
如此。 相反，据这位首席执行官说，在“过去的六、七个月里”，余额一直在增加。“第二件事是，消费者的账户里有更多的钱，”莫伊尼汉说。
因此，他们的账户在1月份又出现了增长，尤其是那些存款余额较低的消费者。”莫伊尼汉说，他的银行准备在利率上升的环境中创造更多的收益
。美联储(Federal Reserve)预计将于下个月开始上调基准利率。采访内容广泛，涵盖了该行的技术投资。截至上个月，美国银行
有1600万活跃的Zelle用户，去年Zelle的交易首次超过了纸质支票。
（美国全国广播公司财经频道，2022年2月16日）第二节 特写类英语新闻特征特写类英语新闻(featu
re story)是以描写为主要表达方式，选取新闻事实中最能反映其特点和本质的片段或细节，作形象化的再现的一种新闻体裁。从题材角度
分类，可以分为人物特写、事件特写、景物特写、专题特写。特写类英语新闻一般具有新闻性、形象性和片段性等特点。1. 新闻性2. 形象性
3. 片段性1. 新闻性新闻性是指向读者提供新闻事实，对当前公众感兴趣的新闻事实进行时效性很强的特写性报道，除了全面交代新闻要素（
5个W）之外，还要具备新闻的基本特质，即时效性、真实性、广泛性、公开性等。2. 形象性形象性是指形象地再现新闻事实，呈现新闻事实的
立体感和画面感。特写类英语新闻在向读者提供新闻事实的同时，还要激发起读者的阅读兴趣，以更加优美、更加细腻、更加灵活的写作方法描写新
闻事件，再现新闻事实。3. 片段性片段性是指不写全貌，只选取典型和精彩的片段加以特别描写。特写类英语新闻侧重新闻事件中重要和精彩的
片段，不强调新闻事件的全面性和完整性，而是把选取的新闻事件片段放大展开，并以生动优美的笔调描写出来，就仿佛在读者面前展开了一幅新闻
事件的近景照片。例文：‘Barefoot doctors’ safeguard health of villagers Af
ter serving as a rural doctor for 54 years, Ma Wenfang still pref
ers to be called a “barefoot doctor”. Barefoot doctors were he
althcare workers trained to attend the basic medical needs of Chi
na’s vast rural population from the 1960s to 1980s. “Back in t
he 1950s and 1960s, there was no doctor in our village,” Ma, who
is from Liuzhuang village in Tongxu county of Central China’s Hen
an province, was quoted as saying by China Newsweek. For the v
illagers with minor ailments, it was common for them to carry on
and wait for the diseases to recede, according to Ma. For those w
ith severe conditions, the well-off ones could go to see doctors
at urban hospitals and the poor could only wait for death.Ma’s mo
ther died of typhoid at the age 32. His 8-year-old younger brothe
r also succumbed to the disease in less than two months.Having wi
tnessed his beloved ones die in succession, Ma made up his mind t
o become a doctor.The country was then beset with acute shortage
of trained doctors and medicines. And health workers were disprop
ortionately concentrated in urban areas.Statistics show that in 1
964, about 70 percent of the nation’s senior health workers were
based in cities – where 10 percent of the national population liv
ed – while 30 percent of the medics worked in the countryside, wh
ere over 90 percent of the population resided.…
(
China Daily, Nov. 11, 2021)这是一篇选自《中国日报》的特写类英语新闻，主题内容是关于“赤脚医生”，这篇特
写篇幅较长，体现了特写类英语新闻的特征，即：新闻性、形象性、片段性。首先，与纪实类英语新闻同样，特写类英语新闻也要具有较强的新闻性
，必须报道事件的新闻事实，包含必备的新闻要素，报道应迅速及时。但是，由于特写类英语新闻的目的是在为读者提供新闻事实的同时，其更加重
要的目的是要向读者提供新闻事实背后所隐藏的新闻故事，因此有些时候报道时间会滞后于纪实类英语新闻。其次，这篇特写体现了特写类英语新闻
报道的形象性。特写类英语新闻力求激发读者的阅读兴趣，引起读者好奇心，让读者在阅读的时候身临其境，体会到新闻人物和新闻事件描写和刻画
的立体感和画面感，因此描写和叙述方面会比纪实类英语新闻更加细腻、更加讲究、更加优美、更加富有趣味性。例如：After gradua
ting from a junior middle school in 1967, Ma Wenfang went to rece
ive medical training as a “barefoot doctor”. He learned both West
ern medicine, including anatomy and physiology, as well as tradit
ional Chinese medicine such as the use of medicinal herbs and acu
puncture. 这些细节信息的补充让马文芳这位乡村赤脚医生的形象更加充实饱满，更具有画面感和立体感。通过阅读，读者会对这位乡村
赤脚医生更加充满好奇心，更有兴趣去了解他的生活故事，他的家庭、工作、开心和苦恼。如果说纪实类英语新闻是有事说事直来直去的叙述，那么
特写类英语新闻则不但是有事说事，而且还要好好地说事，把事说好，说得详细、生动、有趣，既陈述新闻事实有饱含丰富的情感。最后，特写类英
语新闻具有明显的片段性。片段性是特写类英语新闻不同于纪实类英语新闻的一个重要特征，纪实类英语新闻注重事件报道的全面性和完整性，更像
是一幅新闻事件的全景照片，然而特写类英语新闻所选择的是新闻事件全景照片中的某一个近景镜头，更注重这个近景镜头的细致描写。例如：Ma
said barefoot doctors could earn more work points than ordinary
villagers. They sometimes could garner 10 points, the maximum for
a day’s work. And at the end of a month, they received food from
the production brigade based on the work points they secured. 这些
细致描写更具体、更生动、更形象、更具有画面感、更激发读者的阅读兴趣，引导读者把全文读完。PracticeTranslate the
underlined part of the following English news into Chinese.The a
ppellation “barefoot doctor” was officially abolished in 1985, an
d many such doctors retired, changed their profession, or started
private clinics. Some others contracted the clinics from the com
munes and turned self-sustaining practitioners, though still unde
r the name of “barefoot doctors”.These “barefoot doctors” have im
proved their professional skills through training and self-learni
ng, and were still well-received among villagers in the following
years.Answer1985年，“赤脚医生”的称谓正式废除，许多赤脚医生退休、改行或开办私人诊所。 还有一些人从公社那里承包
诊所，成为自我维持的医生，尽管他们仍然以“赤脚医生”的名义行医。这些“赤脚医生”通过培训和自学提高了专业技能，在接下来的几年里仍然
受到村民的欢迎。在上世纪90年代，马文芳说他在最忙的时候每天要看150多名病人。 在“黄金时代”，马文芳的诊所还能保持一些利润。在
留出一部分收入用于家庭开支后，马文芳把剩下的钱用于治疗村民和给来自贫困家庭的儿童接种疫苗。Features of News Dis
course第三节 评论类英语新闻特征评论类英语新闻是既叙事又评论的英语新闻语篇，其最终目的是对报道的事实发表见解，并表明立场。评
论类英语新闻的篇幅可长可短，大体上可以分为社论(editorials)、述评(commentaries)和专栏言论(columns
)等样式。此类型英语新闻主要具有引导、监督、表态和深化作用。评论类英语新闻的署名有时是报刊，有时是个人，通常就当前重要问题和事件表
明看法，从而使读者得到深一层的思想启发。为了提出有深度、有力度、逻辑严密的论证，并能够引起读者兴趣，让读者获得启发，评论类英语新闻
在结构、文字及内容方面通常具有以下特征：1、基本结构清晰2、语言文字较为精炼正式3、内容具有生态性1、基本结构清晰一般来说，评论类
英语新闻有三个主要组成部分：引论、论证和结论。1）引论引论(Introduction)部分即评论类英语新闻的开头，一个好的引论作为
全篇的议论起点，应当选择一个恰当的切入点，能够引起读者阅读兴趣，并体现出本篇评论的深度。引论部分使用的方法多样，常见的有“开门见山
”，“引经据典”，“结论先行”等。1、基本结构清晰例句1：November marks National Homeless Awa
reness Month. The issue is certainly top-of-mind in California, w
here homelessness ranks among the top problems facing the state i
n opinion polls and the topic featured prominently in the recent
gubernatorial recall election.译文：11月是全国无家可归者意识月。此问题无疑是加利福尼亚州的头等大事
，在民意调查中，无家可归问题是该州面临的首要问题之一，而这个话题在最近的州长罢免选举中占据了显著地位。1、基本结构清晰2）论证论证
(Argument)部分即运用论证去证明论点的过程。评论类英语新闻通常追求达到语言精炼、逻辑严密、论据充分，以使读者心悦诚服。一般
来说，论证部分的形式是“一个分论点+一个自然段（论据）(point+evidence)”，如此可层次分明地表明一条条分论点，并提供
相应的事实及道理依据，整体思路清晰，直至最终得出结论。1、基本结构清晰例句2：Something is amiss with Ca
lifornia’s approach, but it certainly isn’t a lack of money. Bill
ions of dollars are being spent on homeless. More is being spent
than ever before, but the number of those experiencing homelessne
ss continues to climb.译文：加州的做法有点不对劲，但这肯定不是缺钱。数十亿美元被花在了无家可归者身上。花费比
以往任何时候都多，但无家可归者的数量持续攀升。1、基本结构清晰3）结论结论(Conclusion)部分是对整篇评论类英语新闻的收尾
，通常以一个独立的句子或段落置于文章末尾。结论应该避免仓促、赘余结尾，其作用是突出论点、呼应主题和引人深思。一篇逻辑清晰、有理有据
的评论类英语新闻的结论也应当做到简明扼要，有深度，有力度，甚至令人读后感到“言有尽而意无穷”。1、基本结构清晰例句3：For th
ose who believe in democracy, he said, “anything is possible-anyt
hing.” This is true, as the events of both March 25, 1965, and Ja
nuary 6, 2021, established. Anything is possible right now, and t
hat is as much cause for hope as it is for grave concern.译文：这是真的，
归因于发生在1965年3月25日和2021年1月6日的这两次重要演讲。现在任何事情都是可能的，这既是带来希望的原因，也是带来沉重忧
虑的原因。2、语言文字较为精练正式评论类英语新闻的语言文字与以叙事为目的的纪实类和特写类新闻不同，它旨在以准确、简明、富有概括性、
哲理性的逻辑思维去说服读者，并引发深层次的思考。评论类英语新闻的写作笔调偏正式、严肃，且常用语法结构复杂的长难句。此外，为了表现评
论的公正性及客观性，作者通常以第三人称（非个人的）视角发表评论人或新闻单位的观点与态度。但需要注意的是，评论类英语新闻中有时使用所
谓“复数第一人称的言论口吻（we）”以达到拉近与读者的距离，引起读者共鸣的效果，使该评论如同在与读者讨论，交换意见。这一点相当于中
文评论类新闻中使用的“本报”、“本刊”、“我们”、“大家”等语调。2、语言文字较为精练正式例句4：Whenever college
professors from diverse colleges and disciplines gather, before
long they are usually complaining about how university administra
tors-individuals who do not teach (and many never did) thwart col
leges performing their two major missions...We are approaching 25
0 years since the founder of modern economic analysis, Adam Smith
, noted...译文：来自不同学院和学科的大学教授聚集在一起没多久，他们经常就会抱怨大学管理者——不教书的个人（许多人从未教书
）如何阻挠大学履行其两大使命......从现代经济分析的创始人亚当·斯密（Adam Smith）指出.......以来，我们已经接
近250年了。3、内容具有生态性评论类英语新闻以发表观点、表明态度为目的，但不同的社会人群的观点不尽相同，甚至时常相互冲突。意见本
身会带来意见，如此往复循环，彼此交织，共同构建出一个具有生态性的语义空间。不同的言论品种、代表不同人群的言论品种相互反应、相互批评
，构成了评论类英语新闻内容的生态性。PracticeTranslate the following English news in
to Chinese.Second, technology has evolved to address the two majo
r obstacles to transforming OSINT(Open Source Intelligence) into
mission-critical decisions: Speed and scale. Historically, before
automated technology was developed, the exponentially growing am
ount of OSINT data overwhelmed analysis tools and made it challen
ging to deliver insights fast enough to stay a step ahead of thre
ats. PracticeTranslate the following English news into Chinese.Ar
tificial intelligence (AI) has dramatically increased the volume
of data that can be analyzed in real-time. Today’s AI-enabled pla
tforms empower intelligence analysts to leverage OSINT as the fou
ndation that can help uncover hidden threats, corroborate classif
ied reporting, and pinpoint the targets that warrant resource-int
ensive, traditional intelligence gathering.AnswerTranslate the fo
llowing English news into Chinese.第二，技术的发展已经解决了将OSINT（开源智能）转化为关键任
务决策的两大障碍：速度和规模。从历史上看，在自动化技术发展之前，OSINT数据量的指数级增长压倒了分析工具，使其难以以足够快的速度
在发生之前就洞察威胁。人工智能（AI）极大地增加了可以实时分析的数据量。今天的人工智能平台使情报分析员利用OSINT作为基础，可以
帮助发现潜在威胁，证实机密报告，并指出保证资源密集型传统情报收集的目标。第四节 解释性英语新闻特征解释性英语新闻是深度新闻报道的一
种，特别注重对比较复杂的重大新闻事件的起因及结果进行解释和说明，并提供充分的相关背景材料。一般来说，解释性英语新闻需要解释清楚新闻
事件的背景、意义，并作出有理有据的分析，其作用是对问题进行深度报道，分析解释新闻事实的发生原因、影响范围、发展趋势以及深层意义，从
而促进读者对该新闻事实的全面深入理解。解释性英语新闻主要是以充分的背景为依据对事实进行客观分析和加工；评论类英语新闻则主要是对事实
发表观点，进行主观加工。解释性英语新闻通常具有以下特征：1、夹叙夹议，重在原因2、内容专业，语言平实3、时效性较慢，篇幅较长1、夹
叙夹议，重在原因在一般情况下，新闻六因素的重要程度依次为what、when、who、where（事件、时间、人物、地点），而后再依
据需要来决定是否报道why、how（原因、如何）。但解释性英语新闻则相反，次要因素why、how（原因、如何）反而在此类深度报道中
升为要点。解释性新闻的深度侧重于剖析新闻事实背后复杂而深刻的致因，对报道者与媒体的问题研究能力有较高的要求。一篇好的解释性英语新闻
通常不是采用直接说理、发布议论、引经据典等方式，而是要让事实说话，充足运用背景事实进行解释。1、夹叙夹议，重在原因例句1：Thre
e years ago, the insurance giant Aetha sued Mednax and Pediatrix,
saying that they inflated charges by more than $50 million, perf
orming unneeded tests and treatments and diagnosing babies as bei
ng sicker than they really were.译文：三年前，保险巨头安泰（Aetna）起诉Mednax和Pedi
atrix，称他们将费用夸大了5000多万美元，进行了不必要的检测和治疗，并诊断婴儿病情比实际情况严重。2、内容专业，语言平实需要解释的新闻多数是大众比较陌生的领域，并可能涉及到专业问题。报道者一般不任意发布个人的谈论，而是引用相关领域权威专家的看法，为报道增加力量。此外，报道者在解释时通常化繁为简，使用一般读者能轻易看懂的语言，使读者提升阅读兴趣，并在阅读中更新认识。2、内容专业，语言平实例句2：”Doing what’s right for the patient is our highest priority,” said Dr. Roger Hinson, President of the Pediatrix and Obstetrix group.译文：Pediatrix和Obstetrix集团总裁罗杰·M·辛森博士说：“为患者做正确的事情是我们的最高优先事项”。3、时效性较慢，篇幅较长解释性英语新闻是对新闻事实的深度剖析，要求解释清楚事实是为何以及如何发生，现实和背景资料必须要充足且准确无疑，因此解释性英语新闻对时效性要求较低，且整体篇幅长度较长。PracticeTranslate the following English news into Chinese.Flooding is the most frequent and costliest natural disaster in the United States, and its costs are projected to rise as the climate warms. Decades of measurements, computer models and basic physics all point to increasing precipitation and sea level rise.PracticeTranslate the following English news into Chinese.As the atmosphere warms, it holds about 7% more moisture for every degree Celsius that the temperature rises, meaning more moisture is available to fall as rain, potentially raising the risk of inland flooding. A warmer climate also leads to rising sea levels and higher storm surges as land ice melts and warming ocean water expands.AnswerTranslate the following English news headlines into Chinese.洪水是美国最频繁、代价最高的自然灾害，随着气候变暖，洪水的代价预计会上升。几十年的测量、计算机模型和基础物理都表明降水量和海平面在升高。随着大气变暖，气温每升高一摄氏度，其含水量就会增加约7%，这意味着更多的水分会随着降雨而下降，这可能会增加内陆洪水的风险。气候变暖也会导致海平面上升，随着陆地冰融化和变暖的海水膨胀，风暴潮加剧。Thanks for Your Attention! |
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