考点 1 并列连词考点清单专题六 并列连词、主从复合句及特殊句式高考英语注意(1)and, or还可用于“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”中,
相当于“if.../if...not...+主句”。Work hard and you will succeed.(=If you
work hard, you will succeed.)努力工作,你就会成功。Dress warmly, or you’ll
catch a cold. (=If you don’t dress warmly, you’ll catch a cold.)穿
暖和点, 否则你会感冒的。(2)but还可用于“I am sorry but...”和“Excuse me but...”句型中。
I am sorry but I won’t be able to come tonight.对不起我今晚不能来。Excuse m
e but could you keep this seat for me for a while? 对不起,你能帮我看一会儿这个
位置吗?(3)when还可用作并列连词,其意义为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式:
①sb. be doing sth. when... ②sb. be about to do/on the point of d
oing sth. when... ③sb. had just done sth. when...。We were having
a meeting when someone broke in. 我们正在开会,这时有人闯了进来。We were about t
o set off when it suddenly began to rain. 我们正要出发,这时突然开始下雨。I had j
ust finished my homework when Tom came to me.我刚写完作业,Tom就来找我了。解题方法
1.根据句子结构,单词、短语或句子的逻辑关系判断。(1)完整的句子中,如果两个单词或短语并列,要填并列连词;(2)若两个完整句子(
两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号,也没有连词,那么设空处应该填连词。2.注意固定结构、固定句式中的连词,如either...or.
.., be doing sth. when...等。例 The family live in Center Street ?
??? the children are studying in the local school. 解析 句意:这个家庭居住在中
心大街,孩子们在当地上学。前后两个句子的结构都是很完整的, 因此设空处应该是并列连词,从句意看,应该用and。考点集训1.If y
ou receive it, you should send a present or???? money to the gra
duate.2.Bzeek, 62, has spent the last 20 years as a foster father
to many children. He knows they are going to die, but/yet????
he takes them in anyway.3.Hurry up or???? you will be late for t
he bus.4.Work hard and????you will be admitted to a key universi
ty.5.Every fall, a large number of grapes are shipped from Xinjia
ng to other parts of China, and/while???? the rest are made into
raisins for easy storage.6.In recent years, several studies have
examined whether deliberately smiling can make changes to how p
eople feel psychologically during races, but????few have looked
at the physical effect on sports per- formance.7.She had just fin
ished her homework when???? her mother asked her to practice pla
ying the piano yesterday.8.Shall we go out to the cinema or????s
tay at home? 9.There are many kinds of sports, but???? my favorit
e is swimming. 10.Henry is very smart, so????many of his classmat
es like him. 11.In China, the question is not “What shall I have?
” but????“What shall we have?”. Food is or- dered to share with
others, not just for oneself.12.Around 7:30 a.m., she was lying o
n her surfboard with her left arm in the water when???? a 14-foo
t -long tiger shark attacked her.13.What all of you really wanted
was coffee, not the cup, but????you went for the best cups and
then began looking at each other’s cups.14.He or she can also at
tend classes from wherever they are recovering—whether at home o
r???? from a hospital bed.考点 2 定语从句一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别题组训练 合并句
子①A salesman may not make a sale. The salesman is not punctual.A
salesman who???? is not punctual may not make a sale.②Until now,
we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children. This is quit
e unexpected.Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor
children, which???? is quite unexpected.③The prize will go to t
he writer. The writer’s story shows the most imagination.The priz
e will go to the writer whose???? story shows the most imaginati
on.二、关系代词基本用法题组训练 用who,whom,which,that,whose,as填空④The house whos
e???? windows face north belongs to him.⑤The man who/whom/that/不
填???? you met just now is my brother.⑥The man who/that???? is wa
lking in the playground is my old friend.⑦Take the book which/th
at???? is lying on the table.⑧She is such a girl as???? is alway
s finding fault with other people.三、关系代词that 和which的特殊用法1.限制性定语从句
中,用关系代词that而不能用which的情况2.当先行词指事/物时,定语从句中关系代词用which不用that的情况题组训练 用
关系代词that或which填空⑨I refuse to accept the blame for something that
???? was someone else’s fault.⑩Whenever I met her, which???? was
fairly often,she greeted me with a sweet smile.?All the presents
that???? your friends gave you on your birthday should be put aw
ay.?This is the very book that???? I have been looking for.?He w
as late for the opening ceremony, which???? was very surprising t
o me.四、关系代词as和which的区别as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个主句或主句中的一部分,关系词在
定语从 句中作主语、宾语或表语,有时两者可以互换。1.下列情况通常只用as而不用which2.下列情况通常用which而不用as题
组训练 单句填空?A lot of language learning, as???? has been discovered,
is happening in the first year of life,so par-ents should talk mu
ch to their children during that period.?There is no simple answe
r, as???? is often the case in science.五、“介词+which/whom”引导定语从句的用
法1.当介词放在关系代词的前面时,关系代词常用which或whom,并且不能省略。He paid the boy $10 for
washing ten windows,most of which hadn’t been cleaned for at leas
t a year. 他付给男孩10美元擦洗10个窗户,这10个窗户中大部分至少一年没擦了。In the dark street,t
here wasn’t a single person, to whom she could turn for help.在黑暗的
街道上,她没有一个可以求助的人。2.在非限制性定语从句中,“介词+which/whom从句”结构中的介词不能移到从句的后面。He
has visited Gu’an No.One High School for several times, in which
he has many friends.(in不能放 在定语从句句末)他已经参观过固安一中几次了,在那里他有很多朋友。3.“复合介
词短语+which”引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开,定语从句常用倒装语序。He lived in a big house,in
front of which stood a big tall tree.他住在一所大房子里,房子前面有一棵又大又高的树。4.“
介词+which/whom+不定式”结构。The poor man has no house in which to live.=
The poor man has no house (that/which)he can live in.=The poor ma
n has no house in which he can live.=The poor man has no house to
live in.那个穷人没房子住。题组训练 单句填空?He may win the competition,in which?
??? case he is likely to get into the national team.?Frank’s drea
m is to have his own garden in which???? to produce many beautif
ul flowers.六、关系副词的用法注意(1)当先行词为situation,case,stage,point,position
等,且关系词在定语从句中作状语时,也要用关系副 词where引导。They have reached the point wher
e they have to separate.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。(2)有时为表达清楚,还可以在关系副词where/wh
en前加介词from/to等。China is the birthplace of kites,from where kite f
lying spreads to Japan,Korea,Thailand and India.中国 是风筝的发源地,从这里放风筝
传到了日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。(3)关系副词when,where可用于非限制性定语从句中,而关系副词why不可以。题组训练 单句填
空?He wrote a letter where???? he explained what had happened in
the accident.?Sales director is a position where???? communicati
on ability is just as important as sales skills.解题方法1.根据句意和句式结构区分
出主句和定语从句。2.确定关系代词(1)如果先行词指人,将先行词代入定语从句后先行词在定语从句中作主语,限制性定语从句中用 who
/that,非限制性定语从句中用who;(2)如果先行词指人,将先行词代入定语从句后先行词在定语从句中作宾语,限制性定语从句中用
who/that/whom,非限制性定语从句中用who/whom;(3)如果先行词指物,将先行词代入定语从句后先行词在定语从句中作
主语或宾语,限制性定语从 句中用which/that,作宾语时可省略;非限制性定语从句中用which。3.确定关系副词如果先行词为
表示时间、地点或原因的名词,将先行词代入定语从句后先行词在定语从句中作状 语,分别用when、where和why。4.“介词+wh
ich或whom”的判定如果介词被放置在关系代词前,当先行词指人时,用“介词+whom”形式;如果先行词指物,用“介词+which
”形式。例1 The couple ???? live next door to us often make a lot of
noise.解析 ①首先判断该句的主干是The couple often make a lot of noise。②先行词是co
uple。③将先 行词代入定语从句,得知所填单词作定语从句的主语。④因为先行词在从句中作主语,又指人,因 此用who/that。例
2 The girl was having piano lessons at the training center ????
she would stay for an hour.解析 ①首先判断该句的主干是The girl was having pia
no lessons at the training center。②先行词 表地点。③因为设空处是定语从句的地点状语,因此用wh
ere引导。考点集训1.After living in Australia for many years,Louis finall
y returned to the country where???? he was born.2.His interest s
tarted a few years ago, when???? he was in college and studying
wildlife science. 3.Another saying which has come from the fable
is “God helps those who/that???? help them- selves.”4.Then Needh
am began his lifelong research, which???? ended up creating the
greatest work—Science and Civilization in China.5.There are perh
aps 40 million competitive table tennis players and countless ord
inary people who/ that???? play less seriously.6.Dragon Heads-Ra
ising Day, which???? falls each year on the second day of the se
cond lunar month, is one of the Chinese traditional festivals.7.
There is a phrase that/which???? describes the noodle-making pro
cess.8.Contrary to popular belief,there is a great degree of pers
onal freedom in this country, where???? it’s relatively easy to s
et up a business and it’s extremely safe.9.In reality, FIFA rules
the new cup as a mobile prize, which???? means no matter which
team wins the championship, it cannot occupy the cup forever.10.
A diet that lacks vitamin B12 or iron can cause anemia, a conditi
on in which???? your blood doesn’t supply your body with enough
oxygen.11.In 2019, its average weekly circulation was reported t
o be 1.5 million copies, half of which???? were sold in the Uni
ted States.12.It is increasingly clear that China, which???? is
no longer copying western ideas, is leading in many new ways.13.
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which????
China’s present is connected with its past.14.The purse containe
d many gold coins and a note from the king, saying that the gold
was for the per- son who/that???? removed the huge rock from the
road.15.In mid-September, when???? their seedless grapes ripen,
local farmers are busy picking grapes to be transported to other
parts of the country.考点 3 名词性从句一、名词性从句的结构和功能总述名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表
语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是一种具有名词功 能的非独立分句。名词性从句主要有四种从句结构:以that引导的从句;以whethe
r/if引导的从句;以 连接代词/副词who,where,why等引导的从句;以what或wh-ever等引导的名词性从句。此外,
as if/as though也可引导表语从句。具体用法见下表:题组训练 完成下列句子①Can you tell me how
I can????(我如何能)get to the railway station?②These photographs will
show you what our village looks/is like????(我们村看上去是什么样子的).二、以tha
t引导的从句(一)that从句作主语1.that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,常见的句型有:2.在口语中,that常可省略,尤
其是在非常短的句子中,但that从句位于句首时,that是不能省略的。It’s a pity(that)you’re leavin
g.真遗憾,你要离开了。That we are invited to the concert this evening is go
od news to us.我们被邀请去参加今晚的音乐会, 这对我们来说是个好消息。(二)that从句作宾语1.that从句作及物
动词的宾语,常用的结构有:2.that从句作介词的宾语,常用的结构有:(三)that引导的表语从句、同位语从句(四)that引导同
位语从句与that引导定语从句的区别题组训练 单句填空③It is obvious to the students that???
?they should get well prepared for their future.④The news that??
?? we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 三、以whether/if(是否
)引导的从句1.whether/if引导的表语从句、同位语从句2.whether/if引导的主语从句3.whether/if引导的
宾语从句题组训练 用whether/if填空⑤It is still under discussion whether/if???
?the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or n
ot.⑥I am not sure whether/if????he will come here or not.⑦This de
cision will have an effect on whether????or not he will succeed.四
、以连接代词/副词who,where,why等引导的从句题组训练 单句填空⑧I’m afraid he’s more of a t
alker than a doer,which is why????he never finished anything.五、以w
hat或wh-ever等引导的名词性从句题组训练 单句填空⑨Many young people in the West are e
xpected to leave what????could be the most important decision in
life—marriage—almost entirely up to luck.⑩ Whichever????one of y
ou breaks the window will have to pay for it.?The book can be of
help to whoever????wants to do the job.?She is very dear to us.We
have been prepared to do whatever????it takes to save her life.?
—How about camping this weekend,just for a change?—OK, whatever??
??you want.?To improve the quality of our products,we asked for s
uggestions whoever???? had used the products.六、名词性从句的几个易混点(一)tha
t通常不可省略的情况:1.that引导的主语从句置于句首时。That prices will go up is certain.物
价要上涨是肯定的。2.当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,引导第一个从句的that可省略,引导第二个和以后 几个从句的that
不可省略。He told me he had to leave and that he would be back soon.他告
诉我他得离开且很快就回来。3.由it作形式宾语时,引导宾语从句的that大多不可省略。You can put it that it
was arranged before.您可以说这是之前安排好的。(二)as if/as though,because,why也
可引导表语从句。It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来好像要下雨。That’s beca
use he didn’t work hard enough.那是因为他工作不够努力。That was why I asked f
or three days’ leave.那就是为什么我请了三天假。注意(1)because引导表语从句时,主句主语不能是reas
on或cause,而且since和as不能引导表语从句。The reason is that...才是正确的。(2)as if/
as though引导表语从句时,常放在be, look, seem, sound, feel等系动词后。解题方法1.根据句意和句
式结构判断是否是名词性从句。2.如果从句不缺少任何成分,则要根据句意考虑设空处是否表示“是否”;如果是,可选择用 whether或
if;如果设空处不表示“是否”,从句意思非常完整,要考虑填that。3.如果从句缺少句子成分,则根据“缺什么补什么”原则判断使用哪
个连接词。例1???? ???? makes them so happy was their son’s coming home
.解析 句意:让他们如此开心的是他们的儿子回家了。根据句意和句子结构可知,所填单词引导 的句子作整个句子的主语, ???? ma
kes them so happy是一个主语从句。而在主语从句中,所填单 词又作主语,因此用What。例2 There is st
ill some doubt ???? the epidemic can be totally controlled befo
re April.解析 句意:疫情是否能在四月份前被完全控制住还存在一些疑问。根据句意和句子结构可知, 所填单词引导的句子作dou
bt的同位语,因此是同位语从句。同时该句本身结构完整,所填单词表 示“是否”,因此用whether。考点集训1.It was be
lieved that???? on this day the well was full of dragon eggs whi
ch would bring the collectors a good harvest.2.For ten years, the
re was no evidence that???? this figure existed.3.There’s no dou
bt that???? more sleep is a good thing, but just how does more s
leep result in better thinking during the day?4.The ideal nap de
pends on what???? you want from that nap. 5.It is what???? is w
ritten on the signs inside the bus that has people talking.6.Peop
le are able to see the Chinese technologies of the time, which he
lps them a great deal in under- standing how???? the Chinese liv
ed.7.A customer-in-need can then later ask whether/if???? there
is a “suspended coffee” available and have a hot drink without h
aving to pay for it. 8.You would never think that a country locat
ed in the corner of the world would be so multi-cultural, but yo
u really don’t realize how???? different it is until you arrive.
9.Scientists don’t know for sure why???? this is happening. Pest
icides and parasites(寄生虫) are the most suspected reasons.10.So i
f you are unsure and still wondering whether/if???? the chocolat
e diet really does work or not, then it pays to make an appointm
ent with your dietician or doctor.11.The happiest people enjoy w
hat/whatever???? each age gives them.12.My mother knew where we w
ere at all times. She knew who/where???? our friends were.13.Exp
erts aren’t still sure exactly how dreams work, but what is certa
in is that???? they are neces- sary for our mental health and th
at everyone has dreams.14.Some people whose intention is to make
big money appreciate being given any chance to multiply their in
come, believing this is where???? their happiness lies.15.From t
he perspective of consumers, it can save some time for people who
don’t have much spare time. Just click the mouse;they can get
what/whatever???? they want while staying at home.16.They often t
hink that their parents are out of touch with modern ways, that?
??? they are too serious and too strict with their children, and
that they seldom give their children a free hand.17.He showed hi
s anxiety about himself and what???? seemed surprising was that
he started to cut his fingers with a knife.18. What???? I really
mean when I say he is always busy is that he doesn’t consider st
udy as a top priority.19.Experts think they migrated from what?
??? is now Russia across a land bridge called the Bering Strait
during the last Ice Age.20.The king was so clever that he thought
of a good way to test whether/if???? his men were reliable. 考点
4 状语从句一、时间状语从句1.when,while,asWhen I lived there,I used to go to t
he seashore on Sundays.我住在那里时,星期天常到海滨去。When the film ended,the pe
ople went back.电影一结束,人们便回去了。Please don’t talk so loud while other
s are working.别人在工作时请别那么大声谈话。As time goes on,it’s getting warmer
and warmer.随着时间的推移,天气变得越来越暖和了。注意如果主句表示的是短暂性动作,而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段
时间内正在进行的动 作,此时when,while与as可互换使用。When/While/As I was walking down
the street,I came across an old friend of mine.当我沿着街道走时,碰巧遇到了我的一
个老朋友。题组训练 用when,while,as填空① When/While/As???? I was waiting at th
e bus stop,I noticed a police car in front of the store.② When???
? John arrived,I was cooking lunch.③ As???? he grew older,he lost
interest in everything except gardening.2.表示“一……就……”的连词注意no soon
er...than...与hardly/scarcely...when...结构的时态搭配为:no sooner与hardly/s
carcely所在的主 句的谓语动词应用过去完成时,而than与when引导的从句的谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外,当把 no so
oner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时,其所在的主句应用倒装语序。We had no sooner arrived a
t the station than the train left.=No sooner had we arrived at th
e station than the train left.我们一到车站,火车就离站了。题组训练 单句填空④He had no s
ooner finished his speech than???? the students started cheering
.⑤You will be successful in the interview once???? you have conf
idence.⑥Just use this room for the time being,and we’ll offer you
a larger one as soon???? as it becomes available.3.till,until和
not...until题组训练 同义句转换I didn’t leave until she came back.⑦ Not unt
il???? she came back did ????I leave.⑧ It was???? not until she
came back that???? I left.4.after,beforeafter意为“在……之后”;before意为“
在……以前,还未……就……,不到……就……,……之后 才,还没来得及……就……”等。He changed his idea aft
er he thought it over.他仔细思考之后改变了主意。We had sailed four days and fo
ur nights before we saw land.我们航行了4天4夜才看到陆地。It was half a year be
fore I came back.半年后我才回来。It won’t be long before we meet again.过不
了多长时间我们就会再见面了。5.since引导的时间状语从句(1)since的基本用法since意为“自从……”,引导的时间状语从
句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词,用一般过去时; 主 句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是反复发生过的动作,其时态常用现在完成时或现在完成进
行时。I have written home four times since I came here.自从我来到这儿,我已经给家
里写过四次信了。She has been working in this factory since she left schoo
l.她离开学校以后就一直在这个工厂工作。(2)“It is+一段时间+since从句”句型在“It is+一段时间+since从句
”句型中,since引导的从句的谓语动词若是延续性动词,表示这个动 作已结束了一段时间;若since引导的从句的谓语动词是非延续性
动词,表示这个动作已开始了一 段时间。It is three years since the war broke out.(非延续
性动词)自战争爆发以来已有三年了。It is three years since I smoked a cigar(=since
I stopped smoking a cigar).(延续性动词)我不吸烟已有三年了。如果译成“我吸烟已有三年了”,应为:It
is three years since I began to smoke.(非延续性动词)题组训练 英译汉⑨It is thre
e years since she was in our class. 她离开我们班已有三年了。????⑩It is three
years since he lived here. 他不在这儿住已有三年了。????单句填空?As is reported,it
is more than 100 years since???? Tsinghua University was founde
d.?The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left before???
? I could ask their names.?I have heard a lot of good things abou
t you since???? I came back from abroad. 6.every time,each time,
next time,the last time,any time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句,表示“每 当……;每次……;下次…
…”等。Every/Each time I was in trouble,he would come to help me.每当我
处于困境,他就会来帮助我。Next time you come,do remember to bring your son her
e.下次你来这里的时候,一定记着把你儿子带来。The last time she saw James,he was lying i
n bed.上次她看见詹姆斯的时候,他正躺在床上。二、地点状语从句题组训练 单句填空?After the war,a new sc
hool building was put up where???? there had once been a theatre
.?I have kept the portrait where???? I can see it every day,as i
t always reminds me of my university days in London.三、原因状语从句引导原因状
语从句的从属连词主要有:because因为 as由于 since/now that既然in that因为 seeing tha
t鉴于 considering (that)考虑到I was absent from the meeting because I
was ill.因为我病了,所以我缺席了会议。As it is raining,we shall not go to the pa
rk.由于在下雨,我们不去公园了。Now that/Since everybody is here,let’s begin our
meeting.既然大家都在这里,我们开始开会吧。题组训练 单句填空?I decide to go with them, mai
nly because???? I had nothing better to do.? Now???? that my hea
d had cleared,my brain was also beginning to work much better.四、目
的状语从句题组训练 单句填空?I took my driving license with me on holiday, in
case???? I wanted to hire a car. ?She finally ran away for fear?
??? that her parents would scold her.五、结果状语从句1.引导结果状语从句的从属连词有:so.
..that...,such...that...。注意其结构:? Mike is such an honest worker th
at we all believe in him.=Mike is so honest a worker that we all
believe in him.迈克是一个如此诚实的工人,以至于我们都相信他。It is such fine weather tha
t we all want to go to the park.天气如此晴朗,以至于我们都想去公园。He earned so li
ttle money that he couldn’t support his family.他挣这么少的钱,以至于养不起家。注意
(1)为了强调形容词和副词,当so或such置于句首时,主句要用倒装语序。So clever a student was he t
hat he was able to work out all the difficult problems.他是如此聪明的一 个
学生,以至于成功地解出了所有难题。(2)当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时,还可简化为:so/such..
.as to...。He was so clever a student that he was able to work out
all the difficult problems.→He was so clever a student as to be
able to work out all the difficult problems.题组训练 用so或such填空?It wa
s such???? a cold night that we stayed at home.?He is so???? sm
art a boy that I like him very much.2.除结果状语从句外,too...to...(太……而不能
……),enough to...(达到某种程度可以……)等结构同 样可以表示结果。He didn’t get up early e
nough to catch the bus.=He got up too late to catch the bus.他起床太晚
了,没有赶上那班公共汽车。题组训练 同义句转换He is so young that he can’t join the army
.?He is not old enough???? to join the army.?He is too???? youn
g to join the army.?He is so???? young as not to join the army.3
.such...that...引导的状语从句与such...as...引导的定语从句的区别。首先观察两个句子:①He is suc
h a clever boy as everyone likes.他是一个人人都喜爱的聪明孩子。②He is such a cle
ver boy that everyone likes him.他是一个如此聪明的孩子,以至于人人都喜欢他。①句中everyone
likes为残缺的句子,缺少宾语,故可判断此处为定语从句;②句中everyone likes him 结构完整,不缺任何成分,故
可判断此处为状语从句。题组训练 用as,that填空?Such advice as???? he was given prove
d almost worthless. ?It was such a boring speech that???? I fell
asleep.六、条件状语从句题组训练 单句填空? Unless???? our manager objects to Tom
joining the club,we shall accept him as a member.?You may use the
room as you like as/so???? long as you clean it up afterwards.七
、方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的从属连词常用的有:as正如;就像 as if/as though好像;仿佛as if或as t
hough引导的从句可以用虚拟语气,但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现,也可用陈述 语气。Do as you are told,o
r you’ll be fired.告诉你怎么做你就怎么做,否则你会被解雇。The lady treats the boy as
if he were her own son.(虚拟语气)这位女士对待这个男孩就像他是她自 己的儿子似的。He closed hi
s eyes as if he was tired.(陈述语气)他闭上了眼睛,好像累了。题组训练 单句填空?Leave the t
able as???? it is.?Jack wasn’t saying anything but the teacher s
miled at him as if???? he had done something very clever.八、让步状语从
句注意(1)although与though两者意思相同,一般可互换,都可以与yet,still或nevertheless连用,但不
能和but连 用。Although/Though it was raining hard,yet they went on pla
ying football.虽然雨下得很大,但他们还是继续踢足球。(2)though还可用作副词,意为“可是,然而”,置于句末。H
e said he would come;he didn’t,though.他说他会来,可是没有来。(3)when,while也可
作从属连词,表让步,while常用在句首,when常用在句中,相当于although。Suddenly,she stopped w
hen she ought to have continued.尽管她应该继续下去,她却突然停住了。While I admit t
hat there are problems,I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.尽
管我承认有问题存 在,但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。(4)though引导让步状语从句时,还可使用倒装句型,和as的用法一致。Ol
d as/though he is, he works very hard.(=Although he is old, he wo
rks very hard.)虽然他年纪大了, 但工作非常努力。题组训练 单句填空?It was a nice meal, th
ough???? a little expensive.? While/Although/Though???? all of th
em are strong candidates,only one will be chosen for the post.解题方
法1.根据句意和句式结构判断主句和状语从句。2.根据句意和主从句的逻辑关系确定要填的引导词:(1)如果从句表示原因,则要考虑用be
cause, as, since;(2)如果从句说明主句动作的时间,则要考虑用when, before, after等;(3)如果
从句为主句的条件,则要考虑用if, unless;(4)如果从句表示让步,则要考虑用although, though, while
等;(5)如果从句说明主句动作的地点,则考虑填where或wherever;(6)如果从句说明主句动作的方式,则考虑填as, as
if/though;(7)如果表比较,则考虑用than。例 Many modern tall buildings went up
???? old shabby houses were torn down.解析 句意:许多现代化的高楼在破旧的房子被拆除的
地方建了起来。根据句意和句子结构可 知,所填单词引导一个完整的句子,作前面句子的地点状语,因此用where。考点集训1. Befo
re???? I went to sleep, I browsed through news websites and check
ed my emails.2. If???? something goes wrong, then the New Zealand
people are more likely to give people a second chance so that t
hey can prove themselves or show that things can be done differen
tly.3. Although/Though/While???? TCM has been widely accepted, it
still faces challenges.4.They had no sooner finished the survey
by asking the parents the same questions three years later ????th
an???? they found that 18 percent of kids involved in the study w
ere obese. 5. Though/Although???? the event will cost the governm
ent a lot, the benefits are easy for us to see.6.I felt very tire
d because/as???? I had got tons of work to do.7.When we got to t
he mall, I gave him the money and the smile as???? we were reque
sted and added a gentle pat on his back.8.A new study sheds ligh
t on what’s going on inside our brains when/as???? we match our
music to our feelings.9.Legend has it that he was turned down 1,
009 times before???? his chicken was finally accepted.10.She was
in such a hurry that???? she left her purse on the table. 11.It
has been two years since???? we hired a cleaning lady and for s
ome reason my husband has be- come very demanding toward her.12.C
olonel Harland Sanders didn’t open his first KFC restaurant unti
l???? he was 62, while Fauja Singh ran his first marathon at 89.
13.Another resident Ms. Lee in her 60s said she came because????
she wanted to wake up young peo- ple.14. When/If???? you feel li
ke your life lacks purpose, don’t worry.15. Wherever???? she goes
, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.考点 5 特殊句式一、祈使句1.祈
使句的定义表示命令、建议、请求、禁止、警告、劝告等的句子。2.祈使句的形式3.带主语的祈使句(1)为了加强语气或要特别指明向谁提出
命令或要求时,需加主语“you”,有时还可同时加称呼 语。Tom,you water the flowers!汤姆,你去浇花!(2
)命令或吩咐几个人分头做几件事情时,祈使句需加主语“you”,还可同时加称呼语。You,girls,clean the desks
;you,boys,sweep the floor.你们女生,擦桌子。你们男生,打扫地板。(3)在表达“不高兴,厌烦”等情绪时,可
加主语“you”。You mind your own business!你少管闲事!(4)祈使句的主语除了用“you”外,还可用“
everybody,everyone”等,它们的位置可以放在句末。Be quiet,everyone!大家静下来!二、there
be句型1.there be句型概述there be句型在英语中表示“什么地方或什么时间存在什么事物”。在这种结构中,there是
引导 词,be后面的名词是主语,句子的结尾是地点(时间)状语。There is a big tree in front of th
e classroom. 教室前有棵大树。There will be a meeting at the conference ro
om at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning.明天上午8点在会议 室有一个会议。2.there be句型的主谓
一致如果有两个或两个以上的主语,谓语动词be要采用就近一致原则。There is a pen,two books,and many
pencils on the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔,两本书,还有许多铅笔。3.there be句型的时态there be句
型有不同时态的形式,而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。There was a meeting in our school yes
terday.昨天在我们学校召开了一个会议。There will be a new film on Sunday.星期日将上映一部
新电影。There have been many great changes in our country since then.
自那时起,我们国家发生了很多巨大的 变化。There can’t be any mistakes in his passage.他
的文章里不可能有什么错误。4.there be句型的谓语there be句型中的谓语动词be有时可用seem to be, hap
pen to be, is likely to be或remain, stand, lie, go, come, exist,
follow, live, occur等替换。There is likely to be something wrong with
his computer.他的电脑可能有毛病。Once upon a time there lived an old monk
in the temple.从前那座庙里住着一个老和尚。5.there be句型的非谓语形式There being no enou
gh time left,we have to hurry.(Because there is no enough time le
ft,...)所剩时间不 够多了,我们得抓紧。(独立主格结构作状语)There having been no water for
two days,the travelers were all very thirsty.(Because there had b
een no water for two days...,)已经断水两天了,这些游客们都口渴得很厉害。(独立主格结构作状语)Wh
at is the chance of there being an election this year? 今年举行选举有多大的
可能性?(there be的动 名词形式作of的宾语)I expect there to be many chances for
him to get a job.我希望他有很多机会找到工作。(there be的不 定式结构作expect的宾语)6.there
be的常用句型There is no point/sense (in)doing sth.做某事没有意义There is no
doubt about.../that...毫无疑问……There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.
(某人)没必要做某事There is no difficulty/trouble in doing sth.做某事没困难There
is no chance/possibility of (doing) sth./that从句(做)某事没有可能题组训练 用所给
词的适当形式填空①There is????(be) a chair and two tables in the room.②Th
ere being????(be) no money in his pocket, he had to go hungry.③I
wish there to be/were????(be) some chances for my readers.④It i
s necessary for there to be????(be) a dictionary with you.⑤What
is the chance of there being???? (be)some good dictionaries in t
hat bookstore?三、感叹句题组训练 用what或how填空⑥ What???? an interesting book
it is!⑦ How???? interesting a book it is!⑧ What???? interesting
books they are!⑨ What???? delicious food I had!⑩ How???? kind of
you to help!? How???? I wish I were a bird!四、反意疑问句反意疑问句由两部分构成:陈述部
分+疑问部分。陈述部分是肯定形式时,疑问部分用否定形式,且 否定形式必须为省略式;陈述部分是否定形式时,疑问部分用肯定形式,即“前
肯定,后否定;前否 定,后肯定”, 疑问部分的主语要用代词。陈述部分和疑问部分的主语以及谓语动词的人称、 数、时态通常要保持一致。
1.陈述部分含有must/may(might)的反意疑问句当must作“必须”讲时,其反意疑问部分用needn’t;当含有must
n’t(不允许,禁止)时,其反意疑问 部分用must或may。You must go now,needn’t you?你现在必须走
,不是吗?You mustn’t smoke here,must/may you? 你不要在此处吸烟,行吗?当must/may(m
ight)表示推测,即must作“一定,准是”讲,may/might作“可能”讲时, 可首先将句子 改为“I am (not)su
re+that从句”,反意疑问部分的动词形式根据be (not)sure后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式确定。You must/may(
might) be hungry now, ?????→I am sure that you are hungry now, a
ren’t you? →You must/may(might) be hungry now,aren’t you?你现在一定/可能
饿了,不是吗?You must have heard about it, ?????→I am sure that you ha
ve heard about it, haven’t you?→You must have heard about it,have
n’t you?你一定听说过这件事,不是吗?You must have watched that football match l
ast night, ?????→I am sure that you watched that football match
last night, didn’t you?→You must have watched that football match
last night,didn’t you?你昨晚一定看足球赛了,不是吗?(陈述部分有表示过去的时间状语last night)2
.陈述部分含有used to的反意疑问句陈述部分含有used to时,其反意疑问部分用 usedn’t或didn’t均可。You
used to sleep with the windows open, usedn’t/didn’t you?你过去总是开着窗户
睡觉,不是吗?3.陈述部分含有ought to的反意疑问句陈述部分含有ought to时,其反意疑问部分用oughtn’t或sho
uldn’t均可。He ought to attend the lecture,oughtn’t/shouldn’t he?他应该
参加这场讲座,是不是?4.陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句当陈述部分带有seldom,hardly,scarcely,ne
ver,few,little,nothing,nobody等否定词或半否定词时,反意 疑问部分用肯定形式。He could har
dly walk without a walking stick,could he?没有拐杖他几乎不能走路,是吗?5.陈述部分含有
否定前缀的反意疑问句如果陈述部分含有由表示“否定”意义的前缀构成的词,其反意疑问部分一般用否定式。Tom dislikes pla
ying tennis,doesn’t he?汤姆不喜欢打网球,不是吗?It’s unfair, isn’t it?那不公平,是不
是?6.陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句(1)当陈述部分含有宾语从句时,反意疑问部分的主语和谓语应和陈述部分的主句的主语和谓语保
持一致。He said that he would come to my birthday party,didn’t he?他说他
要来参加我的生日聚会,是吗?(2)当陈述部分的主句谓语动词think,believe,suppose,guess,expect,i
magine的主语为第一人称时,反 意疑问部分的主语和谓语动词与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致;若主语为第二、三人称时,反 意疑问部
分的主语和谓语动词与主句的主语和谓语保持一致。I don’t believe he will succeed,will he?我认
为他不会成功,不是吗?They don’t believe Jack will succeed, do they?他们不相信杰克会
成功,对吗?7.陈述部分是祈使句的反意疑问句祈使句后加反意疑问句,不表示反意,而表示一种语气。其结构为:否定祈使句,will yo
u?肯定祈使句,will/won’t you?Let’s...,shall we?Let us...,will you?Open
the door,will/won’t you?打开门,好吗?Let’s go out for a walk,shall we?我
们出去散散步,好吗?Let us go home now,will you?现在,(您)让我们回家吧,好吗?8.回答反意疑问句时应
遵循的原则(1)要么肯定到底,要么否定到底,不会出现Yes, I don’t.或No, I do.的形式。(2)不管陈述部分为否定
,还是反意疑问部分为否定,回答时只看所提到的事情是否发生。如果发 生了,用肯定回答,反之,用否定回答。如:当对方问你You are
n’t a teacher, are you?或You are a teacher, aren’t you? 时,你只要听懂yo
u和teacher两个单词即可,如果你是老师,回答“Yes, I am.”, 反之,回答“No, I am not.”。9.反意疑
问部分的主语和陈述部分的主语在人称、数上保持一致的几种情况题组训练 完成下列句子?—You haven’t been here l
ong,have you?— No, I haven’t????.I am a newcomer here.?Mrs. Black
doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera, doe
s she????? ?It must have rained last night, didn’t it??????John
told you that there wasn’t anyone in the room at that time, didn
’t he??????John, you mop the floor, will/won’t you??????Let’s ha
ve a break, shall we??????Mr. Smith, let us have a break, will
you?????五、倒装句1.完全倒装谓语部分完全放在主语之前的句子为完全倒装句。这类句型主要有两种:2.部分倒装只把谓语的一部分
(多为be动词、助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子叫部分倒装句。题组训练 将下列句子变为倒装句?I hardly think i
t possible to finish the job before dark. Hardly do I think it po
ssible to finish the job before dark.?????He learned the sad news
only after the war. Only after the war did he learn the sad news
.?????We didn’t have supper until he returned. Not until he retur
ned did we have supper.?????He speaks English so clearly that he
can always make himself understood. So clearly does he speak Engl
ish that he can always make himself understood.????3.形式倒装形式上的倒装在语
法上称为前置。它的特点是:只把强调的内容提至句首,主谓并不倒装。题组训练 单句填空?Strange as/though????
it seems,it is true.? What???? an interesting role she played in
the film!No wonder she has won an Oscar.?In recent years travel a
gencies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we
go,the better ????(good)our holiday will be. 六、省略1.状语从句中的省略2.不定
式的省略题组训练 将下列句子中省略的部分补全?When split,an atom can release energy. Whe
n(it is)split,an atom can release energy.?????They were scolded w
henever late for school. They were scolded whenever(they were)lat
e for school.?????If not well organized,the meeting will be a fai
lure. If(it is)not well organized,the meeting will be a failure.?
???七、强调句解题方法1.根据句意和句子结构,确定为何种特殊句式。2.根据特殊句式的结构特点填入适当的词。(1)强调句型是“It
is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分”,强调句一般需要填写句型中的it或 that、who;(2)倒装句分部分倒
装、完全倒装和形式倒装;(3)感叹句需注意“how”与“what”的不同用法;(4)there be句型中注意主谓一致中的“就近一
致”原则。此外注意there be句型的固定句式,如 “There is no doubt that...”。3.特殊句式主要用于
写作中,要根据语境写出合适的句子。考点集训Ⅰ.单句填空1.Jane won’t join us for dinner tonigh
t and neither will???? Tom.2.Interesting as/though???? it may s
eem, Singlish is worrying Singapore’s government.3.If you have a
job, do???? devote yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.4.John opened the door. There stood/was standing????(stand)a girl he had never seen before. 5. What???? a strange plant! I’ve never seen it before.6.Was it on a lonely island that????he was saved one month after the boat went down?7.I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, didn’t????I?8.He must be helping the old man to water the flowers, isn’t???? he?9.Please do me a favor— invite????(invite)my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.10.When exposed????(expose) to danger and conflict, men tend to increase blood pressure, feeling nervous or anxious.Ⅱ.句型转换1.I have never had such a special drink before!(改为倒装句) Never before had I have such a special drink!????2.They reached a decision only after they had discussed the matter for several hours.(改为倒装句) Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.????3.He didn’t begin to know how important the family was for him until he left his home.(改为倒装句) Not until he left his home did he begin to know how important the family was for him.????4.Chongqing, one of the largest cities in China lies at the meeting place of the Yangtze River and Jial- ing River. (改为倒装句) At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and Jialing River lies Chongqing ,one of the largest cities in China.????5.Our alumni from home and abroad are attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning. (改为倒装句) Attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni from home and abroad.????6.Although he was unsatisfied with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.(改 为倒装句) Unsatisfied though/as he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.????7.Not until the motorbike looked almost new did he stop repairing and cleaning it.(改为对画线部分进 行强调的句子) It was not until the motorbike looked almost new that he stopped repairing and cleaning it.????8.If you help others whenever you can, you will make the world a nicer place to live in.(改为“祈使句 +and+陈述句”句式) Help others whenever you can and you will make the world a nicer place to live in.????9.Her business was so successful that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.(改为倒装句) So successful was her business that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.???? |
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