| (完整版)前后缀词根表(较完整版,供查阅) |
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前缀、后缀、词根总结
英语单词构词法——前缀
1.表示否定意义的前缀
(1)纯否定前缀
前缀
a-, an-
dis-
in-, ig-, il-, im-, ir-
ne-, n-
non-
un-
(2)表示错误的意义
前缀
male-, mal-
mis-
pseudo-
前缀
de-
dis-
un-
前缀
anti-, ant-
contra-, contre-, contro-
counter-
ob-, oc-, of-, op-,
with-
前缀
a-
by-
circum-, circu-
de-
en-
ex-, ec-, es-
extra-
fore-
in-, il- im-, ir-
inter-, intel-
intro-
medi-, med-, mid-
defend, demodulation (解调)
disarm, disconnect
unload, uncover
举例
antiknock (防震), antiforeign (排外的)
contradiction, controflow (逆流)
counteraction, counterbalance
object, oppose, occupy
withdraw, withstand
含义
在……之上、向……
附近、邻近、边侧
周围、环绕、回转
在下、向下
在内、进入
外部、外
额外
在前面
向内、在内、背于
在……间，相互
向内、在内、内侧
中，中间
aboard, aside
bypath, bypass
circumstance, circuit
descend, degrade
encage, enbed
exit, eclipse, expand, export
extraction
forehead, foreground
inland, invade, inside, import
international, interaction,
introduce,
Mediterranean, midposition
举例
mistake, mislead
pseudonym (假名), pseudoscience
举例
举例
malfunction, maladjustment (失调)
dishonest, dislike
incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular
none, neither, never
nonsense
unable, unemployment
举例
asymmetry (不对称), anhydrous (无水的)
(3)表示反动作的意思
(4)表示相反、相互对立的意思
2.表示空间位置、方向关系的前缀
out-
over-
post-
pre-
pro-
在上面，在外部，在外
在上面，在外部，向上
向后，在后面，次
在前，在前面
在前、向前
outline, outside, outward
overlook, overhead, overboard
postscript (附言), postgraduate
prefix, preface, preposition
progress, proceed
subway, submarine,
suppress, supplement
suffix,sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-,在下面，下
sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-
super-, sur-
trans-
under-
up-
前缀
ante-, anti-
ex-
fore-
mid-, medi-
post-
pre-, pri-
pro-
re-
前缀
by-
extra-
hyper-
out-
over-
sub-, suc-
super-, sur-
under-
vice-
前缀
com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co-
syn-, syl-, sym-
前缀
al-
over-
pan-
在……之上
移上，转上，在那一边
在……下面，下的
向上，向上面，在上
含义
先前，早于，预先
先、故、旧
在前面、先前、前面
中，中间
在后，后
在前、事先、预先
在前、先、前
再一次、重新
含义
副、次要的
超越、额外
超过、极度
超过、过分
超过、过度、太
次、低、副、亚
超过
低劣、低下
副、次
含义
共同、一起
同、共、和、类
含义
完整、完全
完全、全
全、总、万
superficial, surface, superstructure
translate, transform, transoceanic
underline, underground
upward, uphold, uphill
举例
antecedent, anticipate
ex-president, ex-husband
foreword, foretell
midnight, midsummer
postwar
preheat, prewar, prehistory
prologue (序幕), prophet
retell, rewrite
举例
byproduct
extraordinary
hypersonic, hypertension
outdo (超过), outbid
overeat, overdress, oversleep
subeditor, subordinate, succession
supernatural, superpower, surplus
undersize, undergrown
vice-president, vice-chairman
举例
combine, connect, coexist
synthesis, sympathy
举例
alone, almost
overall, overflow (充满)
panentheism (泛神论), panorama
(全景、概论)
3.表示时间、序列关系的前缀
4.表示比较程度差别关系的前缀
5.表示共同、相等意思的前缀
6.表示整个完全意思的前缀
7.表示分离、离开意思的前缀
前缀
a-, ab-, abs-
de-
dis-, di-, dif-
ex-, e-
for-
re-
se-
前缀
dia-
per-, pel-
trans-
9.表示加强意思的前缀
前缀
a-
ad-
前缀
be-
en-
含义
分离、离开
离去、除去
分离、离开
离开、分离
离开、脱离
离开
分离、隔离
含义
通过、横过
通、总、遍
横过、贯通
举例
arouse, ashamed
adjoin, adhere (粘着)
举例
befriend (帮助、扶助)
enslave, enable, enrich
举例
away, apart, abstract, abstain
depart, decolour
disarm, divorce
expel, exclude, expatriate
forgive, forget
release, resolve
separate, seduce, select
举例
diameter, diagram
perfect, perform, pervade (浸透)
transparent, transmit, transport
8.表示通过、遍及意思的前缀
10.表示变换此类作用的前缀
ad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, adapt, accord, affix, aggression,
ar-, as-, at- arrive, assist, attend, attract,
arrange, assign
11.表示数量关系的前缀
前缀
mono-, mon-
ambi-, bi-, di- twi-
deca-, deco-, dec-, deci-
hecto-, hect-, centi-
kilo-
含义
单一、一
二、两、双
十
百，百分之一
千、千分之一
举例
monotone, monopoly, monarch
ambiguous, amphibian, bicycle,
diode, twilight
decade, decimals
hectometer, centimeter
kilometer
myriametre, megabyte, microvolt
multipmetre, polysyllable
hemisphere,
semiconductor,
peninsula
demiofiicial,
semitransparent,
myria-, myri-, mega, meg,万、万分之一
micro-
multi-, mult-, poly-许多、复、多数
hemi-, demi-, semi-, pene-,半、一半
pen-
12.表示特殊意义的前缀
前缀
arch-
auto-
bene-
含义
自己、独立、自动
善、福
举例
automobile, autobiography
benefit
首位、第一的、主要的 architect, archbishop
eu-
male-, mal-
macro-
magni-
micro-
13.表示术语的前缀
前缀
aud-
bio-
ge-
phon-
tele-
优、美好
恶、不良
大、宏大
大
微
含义
听、声
生命、生物
地球、大地
声、音调
远离
eugenics (优生学), euphemism
maltreatment, malodor
macroscopic (宏观)
magnificent
microscope
举例
audience
biography
geography
phonograph
television, telephone
英语单词构词法——后缀
1.名词后缀
(1)具有某种职业或动作的人
后缀
-an, -ian
-al
-ant, -ent
-ar
-ard, -art
-arian
-ary
-ate
-ator
-crat
-ee
-eer
-er
-ese
-ess
-eur
-ian
-ician
-icist
-ic
-ie
-ier
-ine, -ina
含义
……地方的人，
精通……的人
具有……职务的人
……者
……的人
做……的人
……派别/主义的人，
从事……的人
具有……职责的人
做……的人
某种政体、主义的支持者
动作承受着
从事于……的人
举例
American, historian
principal
merchant, agent, servant, student
scholar, liar
coward, laggard, braggart
humanitarian, vegetarian
secretary, missionary
candidate, graduate
educator, speculator
democrat, bureaucrat
employee, examinee
engineer, volunteer
observer, Londoner,从事某职业的人，某地区、banker,
地方的人 villager
……国人，……地方的人
阴性人称名词
……家
……地方人，信仰……教的
人，从事……职业的人
精通者，……家
……者，……师
爱称，指小
从事……职业
阴性人称
Japanese, Cantonese
actress, hostess, manageress
amateur, litterateur
Christian, physician, musician
electrician, magician, technician
mechanic, critic
diaries, auntie, lassie
cavalier, clothier, brazier
heroine, ballerina
……家，……者，……能手 physicist, phoneticist, technicist
-ist
-ive
-logist
-or
-ster
-yer
后缀
-acy
-age
-al
-ance, -ence
-ancy, -ency
-bility
-craft
-cracy
-cy
-dom
-ery, -ry
-ety
-faction, -facture
-hood
-ice
-ine
-ing
-ion, -sion,
-ation, -ition
-ise
-ism
-ity
-ment
-mony
-ness
-or, -our
-osity
-ship
从事……研究者，信仰……
主义者
动作者，行动者
……学家，研究者
……者
做……事情的人
从事……职业者
含义
性质、状态、境遇
pianist, communist, dentist, artist,
chemist
native, captive
biologist, geologist
author, doctor, operator
youngerster, gamester, songster
lawyer
举例
accuracy, diplomacy
(2)构成具有抽象名词的含义
状态、行为、身份及结果、courage, storage, marriage
总称
事物的动作、过程
表示具体的事物
refusal, arrival, survival, denial
manual, signal, editorial, journal
性质、状态、行为、过程、endurance, importance, diligence,
总量、程度 difference, obedience
性质、状态、行为、过程
动作、性质、状态
工艺、技巧
统治、支配
性质、状态、职位、级别
等级、领域、状态
行为、状态、习性
性质、状态
作成，……化、作用
资格、身份、年纪、状态
行为、性质、状态
带有抽象概念
动作的过程，结果
-tion,行为的过程、结果、状况
性质、状态
frequency, urgency, efficiency
possibility, feasibility
woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft
bureaucracy, democracy
bankruptcy, supremacy
freedom, kingdom, wisdom
bravery, bribery, rivalry
variety, dubiety
satisfaction, manufacture
childhood, falsehood
notice, justice, service
medicine, discipline, famine
building, writing, learning
action, solution, conclusion,
destruction, expression, correction
exercise, merchandise
制度、主义、学说、信仰、socialism, criticism, colloquialism,
行为 heroism
性质、状态、程度
行为、状态、过程、手段及
其结果
动作的结果、状态
性质、状态、程度
动作、性质、状态
动作、状态
情况、性质、技巧、技能及
身份、职业
purity, reality, ability, calamity
treatment, movement, judgment,
punishment, argument
ceremony, testimony
goodness, kindness, tiredness
favor, error
curiosity
hardship, membership, friendship
-th
-tude
-ure
-y
后缀
-age
-ary
-ery, -ry
-ory
后缀
-grapy
-ic, -ics
-ology
-nomy
-ery
-y
后缀
-age
-dom
-hood
-ry
-ure
后缀
-ant, -ent
-al
-ar
-er
-ery
-ing
-ment
(7)表示“细小”的意思
后缀
-cle
-cule
-el
-en
-et
-etta, -ette, -etto
-kin
动作、性质、过程、状态
性质、状态、程度
行为、结果
行为的结果、状态、性质
含义
住所、地点
住所、场地
工作场所、饲养地、地点
工作场所、住处
含义
……学，写法
……学，……法
……学，……论
……学，……术
学科、学术
……学，术，法
举例
baggage, tonnage
newspaperdom
depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
latitude, altitude
exposure, pressure, failure
glory, history, inquiry
举例
village, cottage
library, granary
laundry, nursery, surgery
factory, dormitory, laboratory
举例
biography, calligraphy, geography
logic, mechanics, optics
biology, zoology, technology
astronomy, economy
chemistry, cookery, machinery
photography, philosophy
(3)带有场所、地方的含义
(4)表示学术、科技含义
(5)表示人和事物的总和，集合含义
neighbourhood, womanhood
cavalry, ministry
legislature, judicature
举例
solvent, constant
signal, pictorial
collar, pillar
boiler, computer, washer, cooker
drapery
clothing, matting
instrument, equipment, attachment
举例
particle
molecule
parcel
chicken, maiden
pocket, ticket
cigarette
napkin
(6)表示物品和物质名称的含义
-ling
-let
-y
duckling
booklet
baby, doggy
2.形容词后缀
(1)带有“属性、倾向、相关”的含义
后缀
-able, -ible
-al
-an, -ane
-ant, -ent
-ar
-ary
-ic, -atic, -ical
-ine
-ing
-ish
-ive
-ory
-il, -ile, -eel
后缀
-ish
-esque
-like
-ly
-some
-y
(3)表示“充分的”含义
后缀
-ful
-ous
-ent
后缀
-en
-ous
-fic
(5)表示方向的含义
后缀
-ern
-ward
(6)表示“倍数”的含义
后缀举例
eastern, western
downward, forward
举例
wooden, golden, woolen
gaseous
scientific
举例
beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
dangerous, generous, courageous, various
violent
举例
boyish, childish
picturesque
manlike, childlike
manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
troublesome, handsome
milky, pasty
举例
movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible
natural, additional, educational
urban, suburban, republican
distant, important, excellent
similar, popular, regular
military, voluntary
politic, systematic, physical
masculine, feminine, marine
moving, touching, daring
foolish, bookish, selfish
active, impressive, decisive
satisfactory, compulsory
fragile, genteel
举例
(2)表示“相像，类似”的含义
(4)表示由某种物质形成、制成或生产的含义
-ble
-ple
-fold
(7)表示“数量关系”的含义
后缀
-teen
-ty
-th
后缀
-an
-ese
-ish
(9)表示“比较程度”的含义
后缀
-er
-ish
-est
-most
(10)其他的含义
后缀
-less
3.动词后缀
后缀
-ize, -ise
-en
-fy
-ish
-ate
4.副词后缀
后缀
-ly
-ward, -wards
-ways
-wise
英语单词构词法——词根
词根
aer, ar
ag, act, ig
alt
double, treble
triple
twofold, tenfold
举例
thirteen
fifty
fourth, fiftieth
举例
Roman, European
Chinese
English, Spanish
举例
greater
reddish, yellowish
highest
foremost, topmost
含义
否定
举例
countless, stainless, wireless
(8)表示国籍、语种、宗教的含义
含义
做成，变成，……化
是成为，引起，使有
使……化，使成
使，令
成为……，处理，作用
举例
modernize, mechanize, organize
quicken, weaken, soften, harden
beautify, purify, intensify, signify
finish, abolish, diminish, establish
separate, operate, indicate
举例
possibly, swiftly, simply
downward, inwards, upward
always, sideways
otherwise, clockwise
含义
空气，大气
做，动作
高
aeroplane, aerial
举例
active, agent, reaction
altitude
alter, altern, altr
bio, bi, bion
brev, bri, brief
cap, capt, cept, cip
ced, ceed, cess
centr
clain, clam
clos, clud
col, cult
cor, cord
curr, cur, cour
dic, dict
doc, doct
duc, duct
fact, fac, fect, dic, dit
fend, fens
fer
fin, finit
firm
fix
flect, flex
flor, flour, flower
form
forc, fort
gen, genit
gram, graph
grad, gress, gred, gree
hab, habit, hibit
her, hes
ject, jet
jour
jug, junct
labour, labor
lect, leg, lig
lif, liv
loc
long, leng, ling
loqu, locut
mand, mend
man, manu
memor, member
mind, ment
merc, merch
其他，变更
生物，生命
短
取，获
行，让步
中心
呼喊
闭合
耕耘
心
跑，动作
说，示
教
引导、传导
做，创造
打，击
搬运，转移
终、极
坚固
固定
弯曲
花
形
力，强度
生产，发生
书写，记录
步，阶段
保持，住
粘附
抛射
日，一天
结合，连合
劳动，工作
挑选，采集
生活，生存
场所，位置
长的
说话
命令
手，手法
记忆
心
贸易
alternate
biology, bionics
brief, abbreviation, abridge
capture, except, concept, capacity
proceed, succeed, excess
concentrate, eccentric
claim, proclaim, exclaim
conclude, enclose, include
colony, cultivate, agriculture
cordial, record, accord
current, occur, concurrence
dictate, edit, indicate, predict
doctor, document
introduce, produce, conduct
factory, effect, profit, faculty
defense, offence
ferry, transfer, defer
final, finish, confine
firm, confirm, affirm
prefix, affix
flexible, reflex
flower, flourish
uniform, formula, transform, reform
force, enforce, effort
generate, generation
telegram, diagram, photograph
gradually, degree, progress
inhabit, exhibit, prohibit
adhere, cohesion
project, inject
journal, adjourn, journey
conjunction, junction
labourer, elabourate, collaborate
collect, select, lecture
life, alive
location, dislocate
length, prolong, linger
colloquial, eloquent
command, demand, recommend
manage, manual
memory, remember, memorial
mind, remind, mental
commerce, merchant
meas, mens, meter,测量，度量
metr
min
miss, mit
mob, mot, mov
nect, nex
not
onom, onym
pair, par
pel, puls
pend, pens, poud
phon
plac
peopl, popul, publ
port
press
prob, proof, prov
quer, quest, quir, quis
rang, rank
rect, right, rig
riv
rupt
sci
scrib, script
sens, sent
sign
sembl, simil
soci
spec, spect, spitc, spis
struct
tect, teg
temp, tens
tend, tes, tent
test
text
tract, trail
tribut
us, ut
vac, van
vad, vas, wad
vers, vert
vid, vis, vey, view
小
派遣，送
动
捆扎
记号，注意
名字
相同，对等
准备
追逐
悬挂
声音
位置，场所
人民，民众
搬运
压，压制
实验，验证
寻找，探问
排列
正，直
河流，流远
破坏，毁坏
认识，知识
书写，记录
感觉，情感
标记，符号
相似，类似
结合，社交
看，视
建筑，构造
遮蔽，掩盖
时间，时机
倾向，伸张
证明，证实
编织，构成
拖拉，吸引
给予
用，使用
空，虚
走，去
旋转，反转
观看，看见
measure, meter, diameter
diminish, minority
mission, dismiss, transmit, missile
movement, motion, mobile, remove
connect, disconnect, annex
note, denote, annotation
synonym, autonym, anonymous
compare
prepare
expel, impel
depend, independent, expense
symphony, telephone, microphone
place, replace
public, republic, popular, people
export, import, deport
pressure, express, oppress, impression
prove, approve
inquiry, question, inquisition
arrange, rank
correct, direct, erect
river, arrive, derive
eruption, bankrupt, corruption
science, conscious
describe, script
sensation, sentiment
signal, signature, design
similar, resemble, assimilate
social, association
inspect, spectator, conspicuous
structure, construct, instruct
detect, protect
tense, contemporary, temporal
tendency, intension, extend, intend
testify, protest, contest
textile, texture, context
attract, tractor, abstract, contract
contribution, distribute
usable, utilize, abuse
vacancy, vanity, evacuate
invade, wade, evade
convert, inversion, reverse, divert
television, visible, evident, interview,
survey
viv, vit
war, ward
way
生，活
注意，保护
路
vivid, vital, survival
aware, wary, ward
way, away, subway, always
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