2022-2023学年北京市高一下学期期末英语试卷学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________一、完
形填空One Monday morning I came into the classroom and caught Joe 1
a picture on his math book. This was one day after I had given t
he class a lecture 2 taking care of school property (所有物). Norma
lly I would have got angry and sent him to the office. Instead, I
walked over to his desk and stood there. Joe closed the book imm
ediately, trying to hide his drawing. I said, “Let me repeat 3 I
said yesterday: these textbooks are going to be used for the nex
t five years, and I expect you 4 good care of them.” “Sorry,” Jo
e whispered. “I forgot.” “I see.” I said.When I returned to Joe’s
desk again, he 5 the drawing with his tiny, worn-out (破旧的) eras
er. I handed him 6 and a drawing pad, and then said, “Here, this
might make the job 7. And you can also use the pad whenever you
want to draw.” Joe looked 8 and said, “Thanks.” I nodded and st
arted my lesson.Joe 9 in his textbook since. He keeps the pad in
his pocket and shows me his drawing from time to time. I’m glad
I didn’t ask him to go to the office that day. It might have stop
ped him from marking on his books, 10 we would never have the re
lationship we have today. And who knows, I may have encouraged a
promising Picasso.1．A．will drawB．to drawC．drawing2．A．inB．onC．at3．
A．howB．thatC．what4．A．to takeB．takingC．took5．A．removeB．is removing
C．was removing6．A．meB．myC．mine7．A．easiestB．easierC．easily8．A．surp
risedB．surpriseC．surprising9．A．didn’t drawB．hasn’t drawnC．won’t d
raw10．A．soB．becauseC．but二、选用适当的单词或短语补全句子阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当词组并用其
正确形式填空。be curious about?come across?to sum up?take action?be hono
ured tobe regarded as?work out?refer to?end up?break down11．Is th
is the beautiful small town that you often ________?12．As we all
know, babies ________ everything around them.13．We ________ havin
g to put off our holiday because of bad weather.14．Unless governm
ents ________, the Earth’s atmosphere will continue to heat up.15
．I ________ invite you to visit an exhibition, whose theme is “Cr
eativity Lights Up Life”.16．Although Eileen Gu is only 19 years o
ld, she ________ one of the world’s top freestyle skiers.17．_____
___, for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise and stop
smoking.18．We need to ________ how much food we’ll need to take w
ith us.19．I ________ some old photos when I was cleaning out the
room.20．Sandra was late for the meeting because her car ________.
三、用单词的适当形式完成句子21．The beautiful island is a place__attracts many p
eople to go to travel. （用适当的词填空）22．Money ________ (spend) on the
brain is never spent in vain.(所给词的适当形式填空)23．To see one thing ____
____ (be) better than to hear a hundred times. (所给词的适当形式填空)24．In
this chapter, I will attempt ________ (explain) what led up to cu
ltural difference. (所给词的适当形式填空)25．Tracy lay on the river bank, __
______ (feel) the warmth of the sun against her face. (所给词的适当形式填空
)26．My doctor said I should have my eyes ________ (test) every 2
years. (所给词的适当形式填空)27．John has been unwell, and this may be the r
eason ________ he lost the match. (用适当的词填空)28．For example, they c
an learn to understand ________ someone is saying by looking at t
he mouth of the speaker.（用适当的词填空）29．She has become a scientist __
______ work is internationally renowned. （用适当的词填空）30．Home is ____
____ you can find love and care. (用适当的词填空)四、阅读理解☆Meet with astron
omers?☆Try computer programs astronomers use?☆Hear the latest new
s?☆Work with actual dataDirector: Connie Walkercwalker@noao.eduTh
e Teen Astronomy Café program is an out-of-school program that of
fers high school students opportunities to interact with scientis
ts who work at the forefront of astronomy. The program will be fr
om 9:30 a.m. till noon on one morning each month from October thr
ough May (except for January).Students explore the birth and deat
h of stars, killer asteroids (行星), the structure of the universe,
dark energy, dark matter, and more. A hands-on activity related
to the short presentation will follow as part of the Teen Astrono
my Cafés experience—either as a state-of-the-art computer lab act
ivity, a movie, a deeper discussion, or an exploration of the top
ic with a 3-D printer. The students will use the actual computer
programs and data that the scientists use!The Teen Astronomy Café
s are open to all high school students at no cost. The program ai
ms to improve student achievement, and fuel (激发) their desire to
go to college and pursue a career in science, technology, enginee
ring, or mathematics (STEM) in the future.If students are interes
ted in attending any or all of the Teen Astronomy Cafés, please h
ave them register at http://www.teenastronomycafé.org. Dates for
the Teen Astronomy Cafés next coming academic year (学年) are:31．St
udents taking part in the program will ______.A．use real scientif
ic dataB．work for the astronomersC．research the birth of the univ
erseD．develop computer program on astronomy32．What is the main pu
rpose of the program?A．To offer free education.B．To train future
astronomers.C．To solve the problems of astronomy.D．To encourage f
urther study of STEM.33．In 2022, students can attend Teen Astrono
my Cafés on ______.A．January 6thB．May 1stC．October 3rdD．November
7thWhy does social media trigger feelings of loneliness and inade
quacy? Because instead of being real life, it is, for the most pa
rt, impression management, a way of marketing yourself, carefully
choosing and filtering the picture and words to put your best fa
ce forward.Online “friends” made through social media do not foll
ow the normal psychological progression of a interpersonal relati
onship. You share neither physical time nor emotional conversatio
ns over the Internet. You simply communicate photographs and catc
hy posts to a diverse group of people whom you have “friended” or
“followed” based on an accidental interaction. This is not to sa
y that your social media friends can''t be real friends. They abso
lutely can, but the two are not the same. Generally speaking, the
re are no unfiltered comments and casually taken photos on our so
cial media pages. And, rightfully so, because it wouldn''t feel sa
fe to be completely authentic and vulnerable with some of our “fr
iends” whom we don''t actually know or with whom trust has yet to
be built.Social media can certainly be an escape from the daily r
outines, but we must be cautioned against the negative effects, s
uch as addiction, on a person''s overall psychological well-being.
As humans，we are eager for social connection. Scrolling (滚动) thro
ugh pages of pictures and comments, however, does not provide the
same degree of fulfillment as face to face interactions do. Also
, we tend to idealize others'' lives and compare our downfalls to
their greatest accomplishments, ending in feelings of loneliness
and inadequacy.Social media can lead people on the unhealthy ques
t for perfection. Some people begin to attend certain events or t
ravel to different places so that they can snap that “perfect” ph
oto. They begin to seek validation through the number of people w
ho “like” their posts. In order for it to play a psychologically
healthy role in your social life, social media should supplement
an already healthy social network. Pictures and posts should be b
yproducts of life''s treasured moments and fun times, not the plan
ned and calculated image that one is putting out into cyberspace
in an attempt to fill insecurities or unmet needs.Ultimately, soc
ial media has increased our ability to connect with various types
of people all over the globe. It has opened doors for business a
nd allowed us to stay connected to people whom we may not otherwi
se get to follow. However, social media should feel like a fun ex
perience, not one that contributes to negative thoughts and feeli
ngs. If the latter is the case, increasing face to face time with
trusted friends, and minimizing time scrolling online, will prov
e to be a reminder that your social network is much more rewardin
g than any “like”, “follow” or “share” can be.34．What does the au
thor imply social media may do to our life?A．It may facilitate ou
r interpersonal relationships.B．It may filter our negative impres
sions of others.C．It may make us feel isolated and incompetent.D．
It may render us vulnerable and inauthentic.35．Why do people post
comments selectively on social media?A．They do not find all thei
r online friends trustworthy.B．They do not want to lose their fol
lowers.C．They want to avoid offending any of their audience.D．The
y are eager to boost their popularity.36．What are humans inclined
to do according to the passage?A．Exaggerate their life''s accompl
ishments.B．Strive for perfection regardless of the cost.C．Paint a
rosy picture of other people''s lives.D．Learn lessons from other
people''s downfalls.37．What does the author advise people to do wh
en they find their online experience unconstructive?A．Use social
media to increase their ability to connect with various types of
people.B．Stay connected to those whom they may not otherwise get
to know and befriend.C．Try to prevent negative thoughts and feeli
ngs from getting into the online pages.D．Strengthen ties with rea
l-life friends instead of caring about their online image.Speed-r
eading is a necessary skill in the Internet age. We skim over art
icles, e-mails and WeChat to try to grasp key words and the essen
tial meaning of a certain text. Surrounded with information from
our electronic devices, it would be impossible to cope if we read
word by word, line by line. But a new trend encourages people to
enjoy reading slowly, listing benefits beyond the intelligent st
imulation. A recent story from The Wall Street Journal reported o
n a book club in Wellington, New Zealand, where members meet in a
cafe and turn off their smartphones. They sink into cozy chairs
and read in silence for an hour. Unlike traditional book clubs, t
he point of the slow reading club isn’t exchanging ideas about a
certain book, but to get away from electronic devices and read in
a quiet, relaxed environment. According to the Journal, the Well
ington book club is just one example of a movement started by boo
k lovers who miss the old-fashioned way of reading before the Int
ernet and smartphones. Slow readers, such as The Atlantic’s Maura
Kelly, say a regular reading habit sharpens the mind, improves c
oncentration, reduces stress levels and deepens the ability to sy
mpathize. Another study published last year in science showed tha
t reading novels slowly helps people understand other’s mental st
ates and beliefs, a fundamental skill in building relationships.
Yet technology has made us less attentive readers. Screens have c
hanged our reading patterns from the straight and information lef
t-to-right sequence to a wild skimming and skipping pattern as we
hunt for important words and information. Reading text punctuate
d with links leads to weaker comprehension than reading plain tex
t. The Internet may have made us stupider, says Patrick Kingsey f
rom The Guardian. Because of the Internet, he says, we have becom
e very good at collecting a wide range of interesting news, but w
e are also gradually forgetting how to sit back, reflect, and rel
ate all these facts to each other. Slow reading means a return to
an uninterrupted, straight pattern, in a quiet environment free
of distractions. Aim for 30minutesa day, advises Kelly from The A
tlantic. “You can squeeze in that half hour pretty easily if only
during your free moments, you pick up a meaningful work of liter
ature, ” Kelly said. “Reach for your e-reader, if you like. Kindl
es make books like War and Peace less heavy, not less substantive
, and also ensure you’ll never lose your place. ”38．The book club
in Wellington mentioned in Paragraph 2 shows________. A．the incr
easing number of club readersB．the decline of electronic devicesC
．the importance of exchanging ideasD．the new trend of slow readin
g39．According to Patrick Kingsley, people are stupider partly bec
ause of________.A．the lack of reflectionB．the straight, left-to-r
ight screenC．a wide range of interesting newsD．a non-stop reading
pattern40．According to the passage, slow reading________.A．promo
tes the current technology advancesB．contributes to understanding
among peopleC．provides people with a quiet environmentD．cures th
e memory loss of elderly people41．What’s the writer’s main purpos
e in writing the passage?A．To call on us to read slowly. B．To emp
hasize the benefit of Reading Clubs. C．To tell us we are entering
the Internet Age. D．To highlight the influence of Speed Reading.
Find your new favorite West End musicals, from heartwarming adap
tations and award-winning scores to extremely funny musicals and
must-see London shows.The Lion KingEnjoy songs such as Circle Of
Life. The award-winning adaptation of Disney’s The Lion King feat
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special effects. The Lion King delights all ages with rhythms of
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Call 077-533-0589 for Booking!The Phantom of the OperaAndrew Lloy
d Webber’s famous musical, The Phantom of the Opera, tells the ta
le of a shadowy character who attempts to make Christina the lead
ing lady of the Paris Opera. With a fantastic plot and breathtaki
ng scene, this long-running show is one of the must-see musicals
in London.Prices from ￡30.75?Call 077-916-4545 for Booking!Thrill
er–LiveSee Thriller–Live, a musical in memory of Michael Jackson
and the Jackson 5. The show joined London’s West End after three
UK tours and popularity across Europe. Celebrate the career of th
e King of Pop during non-stop hits at this top London theatre sho
w.Prices from ￡32.72?Call 077-816-3148 for Booking!School of Rock
Rock out at this award-winning new musical. Based on the 2003 mov
ie, School of Rock follows the story of Dewey Finn and his discov
ery to transform a class of A-grade students into a real rock gro
up. But will they make it to the Battle of the Bands? Booking unt
il Feb.Prices from ￡18.00?Call 077-317-8315 for Booking!Matilda T
he MusicalBe wowed by the Royal Shakespeare Company’s multi-award
-winning production of Matilda The Musical. Roald Dahl’s celebrat
ed story bursts into life in this West End musical by Dennis Kell
y and Tim Minchin. Children and adults alike will be delighted by
the little girl with an extraordinary imagination.Prices from ￡2
4.00?Call 077-517-8367 for Booking!42．The Phantom of the Opera is
special because of its _____.A．excellent costumesB．experienced a
ctorsC．attractive storyD．beautiful songs43．Which of the following
musicals would most probably catch the eye of both kids and adul
ts?A．The Phantom of the Opera.B．Matilda The Musical.C．School of R
ock.D．Thriller–Live.44．What is the main purpose of the passage?A．
To analyze musicals.B．To criticize musicals.C．To advertise musica
ls.D．To evaluate musicals.五、七选五How Sociologists Define Culture Cu
lture is one of the most important concepts within sociology beca
use sociologists recognize that it plays a crucial role in our so
cial lives. It is important for shaping social relationships, mai
ntaining and challenging social order, determining how we make se
nse of the world and our place in it, and in shaping our everyday
actions and experiences in society. 45In brief, sociologists def
ine the non–material aspects of culture as the values and beliefs
, language, communication and practices that are shared in common
by a group of people. Expanding on these categories, culture is
made up of our knowledge, common sense, assumptions and expectati
ons. It is also the rules, norms, laws and morals that govern soc
iety; the words we use as well as how we speak and write them; an
d the symbols we use to express meaning, ideas and concepts. 46It
informs and is encapsulated in how we walk, sit, carry our bodie
s and interact with others; how we behave depending on the place,
time and “audience”; and how we express identities of race, clas
s and gender, among others. Culture includes the collective pract
ices we participate in as well, such as religious ceremonies, the
celebration of secular holidays and attending sporting events. 4
7This aspect of culture includes a wide variety of things, from b
uildings, technological gadgets and clothing, to film, music, lit
erature and art, among others. Aspects of material culture are mo
re commonly referred to as cultural products.Sociologists see the
two sides of culture—the material and non–material—as closely co
nnected. Material culture emerges from and is shaped by the non-m
aterial aspects of culture. 48But it is not a one–way relationshi
p between material and non–material culture. Material culture can
also influence the non-material aspects of culture. For example,
a powerful documentary film might change people’s attitudes and
beliefs. 49What has come before in terms of music, film, televisi
on and art, for example, influences the values, beliefs and expec
tations of those who interact with them, which then, in turn, inf
luence the creation of additional cultural products.A．This is why
cultural products tend to follow patterns.B．It is composed of bo
th non-material and material things.C．Without culture, we would n
ot have relationships or society.D．Culture is also what we do and
how we behave and perform.E．Material culture is composed of the
things that humans make and use.F．Culture is distinct from social
structure and economic aspects of society.G．In other words, what
we value, believe and know influences the things that we make.六、
阅读表达阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。For many people, one of the
best examples of creative genius was Albert Einstein, the physici
st who came up with the Theory of Relativity (相对论). However, what
they don’t know is that Einstein had specific techniques he used
to develop his ability to think creatively and freely.The main a
pproach Einstein took was “possibility thinking”. It means gettin
g away from our familiar thoughts and trying to imagine many othe
r possible things, no matter how unbelievable they might seem. Ei
nstein had a special technique to do this, and he called it “the
thought experiment”, which is simply an experiment you do inside
your own head. The most famous thought experiment is the one Eins
tein used to get himself on the path towards the Theory of Relati
vity. Einstein was interested in light and the speed of light and
its relationship to time, and he often imagined himself riding o
n a line of sunlight. He said using his imagination like this all
owed him to understand some of the relationships between light an
d time.Basically, how we experience time depends on where we are
and what we are doing. Einstein explained it as follows: “When yo
u’re talking to a pretty girl, an hour seems like a minute. If yo
u sit on a hot fire, a minute seems like an hour. That’s relativi
ty.” But in order to make possibility thinking effective, we have
to give ourselves opportunities to practice it. Many people say
their “thinking time” is when they’re taking a bath, or when they
’re on the bus to work or school. But Einstein believed it’s impo
rtant to devote certain time every day to “creative thinking”: wh
atever problem or idea it is that interests you, set aside some t
ime every day to thinking about it.Einstein also believed in thin
king about a problem for a long time and not giving up: as he onc
e said, “I think and think for months and years. Ninety-nine time
s, the conclusion is false. The hundredth time I am right.”50．How
did Einstein get himself on the path towards the Theory of Relat
ivity?51．According to this passage, what does “the relativity of
time” mean?52．What did Einstein believe in as being important for
thinking?53．What do you think of “creative thinking”? Explain wh
y. (In about 40 words)七、建议信54．假设你是红星中学的学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim在来信中表示他在学习过程
中遇到了困难：努力学习，但是效果不明显。他向你咨询如何提高学习效率。请你给他回信，内容包括：1．表示理解；2．提出建议并说明理由。
注意：1．词数100左右；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________You
rs,Li Hua参考答案1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．C 7．B 8．A
9．B 10．C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者看到Joe在数学书上画画，并没有直接把他叫到办公室，而是把自己的橡皮和画
板送给Joe，并希望他以后保护好数学书，想画的时候在画板上画，因此有了融洽的师生关系。作者也觉得可能鼓励了一名未来的毕加索。1．考
查动词时态辨析。句意：一个星期一的早晨，我走进教室，撞见Joe正在他的数学书上画画。A. will draw一般将来时；B. to
draw不定式；C. drawing现在分词。根据上文“caught Joe”可知为短语catch sb. doing sth.
表示“撞见某人正在做某事”。故选C。2．考查介词词义辨析。句意：那是在我给同学们做了一场关于爱护学校财产的讲座之后的一天。A. i
n在里面；B. on在上面；C. at在（表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置、空间）。根据上文“I had given the cl
ass a lecture”表示就……发表演讲，应用介词on。故选B。3．考查连词词义辨析。句意：让我重复一下我昨天说过的话：这些
教科书将在未来五年内使用，我希望你们好好保管它们。A. how如何；B. that那个；C. what什么。引导宾语从句，从句中s
aid缺少宾语，故用what引导。故选C。4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：让我重复一下我昨天说过的话：这些教科书将在未来五年内使用，我
希望你们好好保管它们。A. to take不定式；B. taking现在分词；C. took过去式。根据上文“I expect y
ou”可知为短语expect sb. to do sth.表示“期望某人做某事”。故选A。5．考查动词时态辨析。句意：当我再次回到
Joe的课桌前时，他正在用他那块又小又旧的橡皮擦掉那张画。A. remove一般现在时；B. is removing现在进行时；C
. was removing过去进行时。结合上文“When I returned to Joe’s desk again”可知表示
过去某个时刻正在发生的事情，用过去进行时。故选C。6．考查代词词义辨析。句意：我把我的橡皮擦和一个画板递给他，然后说：“给，这个可
能会让工作更容易一些。A. me我；B. my我的，形容词性物主代词；C. mine我的，名词性物主代词。此处指作者的橡皮擦，且作
宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine，相当于“my eraser”。故选C。7．考查形容词和副词辨析。句意：我把我的橡皮擦和一个画板递
给他，然后说：“给，这个可能会让工作更容易一些。A. easiest最容易；B. easier更容易的；C. easily容易地。
结合语境可知此处是形容词作宾补，且与之前的情况相比更容易，应用比较级。故选B。8．考查形容词和动词辨析。句意：Joe看起来很惊讶，
说：“谢谢。”A. surprised惊讶的；B. surprise动词，惊喜；C. surprising惊人的。此处修饰人，作表
语，应用-ed结尾形容词乔看起来很惊讶，说：“谢谢。”。故选A。9．考查动词时态辨析。句意：从那以后，Joe再也没有在课本上画画了
。A. didn’t draw一般过去时；B. hasn’t drawn现在完成时；C. won’t draw一般将来时。根据后文
since可知应用现在完成时，故选B。10．考查连词词义辨析。句意：这可能会阻止他在书上做标记，但我们永远不会有今天的关系。A.
so所以；B. because因为；C. but但是。上文提到会阻止他在书上做标记，与后文“有今天的关系”构成转折关系，应用连词b
ut。故选C。11．refer to 12．are curious about 13．ended up 14．t
ake action 15．am honoured to 16．is regarded as 17．To sum
up 18．work out 19．came across 20．broke down【解析】11．考查固定短
语，时态和主谓一致。句意：这就是你经常提到的那个美丽的小镇吗？由“the beautiful small town that yo
u often”可知，句子表示“这就是你经常提到的那个美丽的小镇吗”，空格处意为“提到”，是refer to，由often可知，句
子时态用一般现在时，you是第二人称，因此空格处用动词原形，故填refer to。12．考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。句意：我们都
知道，婴儿对周围的一切都很好奇。由“everything around them”可知，婴儿对周围的一切都很好奇，空格处意为“对…
…好奇”，是固定短语be curious about，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，babies是复数，因此空格处是are
curious about，故填are curious about。13．考查固定短语和时态。句意：由于天气不好，我们不得不推迟度
假。由“having to put off our holiday because of bad weather”可知，句子表示“
由于天气不好，我们不得不推迟度假”，也就是我们最后不得不推迟度假，空格处意为“最后”，是end up，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一
般过去时，空格处动词用过去式，故填ended up。14．考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。句意：除非各国政府采取行动，否则地球的大气
层将继续升温。由“the Earth’s atmospher will continue to heat up”可知，句子表示“除
非各国政府采取行动，否则地球的大气层将继续升温”，空格处意为“采取行动”，是固定短语take action，Unless引导的是条
件状语从句，用一般现在时表将来，主语governments是复数，因此空格处用动词原形，故填take action。15．考查固定
短语，时态和主谓一致。句意：我很荣幸邀请您参观一个以“创意点亮生活”为主题的展览。由“invite you to visit an
exhibition, whose theme is “Creativity Lights Up Life””可知，句子表示“我
很荣幸邀请您参观一个以“创意点亮生活”为主题的展览”，空格处意为“很荣幸”，是固定短语be honoured to，句子描述现在的
事情，时态用一般现在时，主语I是第一人称，因此空格处是am honoured to。故填am honoured to。16．考查固
定短语，时态和主谓一致。句意：尽管谷爱凌只有19岁，但她被认为是世界上最顶尖的自由式滑雪运动员之一。由“one of the wo
rld’s top freestyle skiers”可知，谷爱凌被认为是世界上最顶尖的自由式滑雪运动员之一，空格处意为“被认为”
，是be regarded as，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语she是第三人称单数，因此空格处是is regarded
as。故填is regarded as。17．考查固定短语。句意：总之，为了心脏健康，你必须经常锻炼，停止吸烟。由“for a
healthy heart you must take regular exercise and stop smoking”可知，
句子表示“总之，为了心脏健康，你必须经常锻炼，停止吸烟”，空格处意为“总之”，是to sum up，位于句首，首字母大写，故填To
sum up。18．考查固定短语不定式。句意：我们需要算出我们需要带多少食物。由“how much food”可知，句子表示“算
出我们需要带多少食物”，空格处意为“算出”，是work out，need to do是固定短语，意为“需要做某事”，因此空格处用动
词原形，故填work out。19．考查固定短语和时态。句意：我在打扫房间的时候偶然发现一些旧照片。由“some old phot
os”可知，句子表示“我在打扫房间的时候偶然发现一些旧照片”，空格处意为“偶然发现”，是固定短语come across，由“whe
n I was cleaning out the room”可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处动词用过去式，故填c
ame across。20．考查固定短语和时态。句意：桑德拉开会迟到了，因为她的车坏了。由“Sandra was late for
the meeting”可知，她的车坏了，空格处意为“出故障”，是break down，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空
格处动词用过去式，故填broke down。21．that/which【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个美丽的岛屿吸引了很多人去旅游
。此处为定语从句修饰先行词place，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which
。22．spent【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：花在智力上的钱决不会白花。分析句子可知，句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，Mon
ey和spend是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词，作定语，表被动。故填spent。23．is【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：
看一件事胜过听一百遍。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语是不定式“To see one thing”，谓语动词用第三人称单数
，因此空格处是is，故填is。24．to explain【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：在本章中，我将试图解释导致文化差异的原因。分
析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作宾语。attempt to do sth.是固定短语，意为“企图做某事”，故此处应用动词不定式
。故填to explain。25．feeling【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：特雷西躺在河岸上，感受着阳光照在脸上的温暖。分析可知
，句中谓语是lay，空格处用非谓语动词，Tracy和feel之间是主动关系，因此空格处用现在分词作状语。故填feeling。26．
tested【详解】考查过去分词。句意：我的医生说我应该每两年检测一次眼睛。根据句子结构，此处考查have sth. done，表
示“使……被”。故此teste与eyes在逻辑上是被动关系，作宾语补足语，故填tested。27．why【详解】考查定语从句。句意
：约翰身体不适，这可能是他输掉比赛的原因。分析可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词reason是原因，且在从句中作状语，因此用关系副词
why引导定语从句。故填why。28．what【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：例如，他们可以通过观察说话者的嘴来理解某人在说什么。分
析句子可知，此处引导宾语从句，连接代词what引导从句，在从句中作宾语，指代事物。故填what。29．whose【详解】考查定语从
句。句意：她已成为一位工作享誉国际的科学家。此处为限定性定语从句，修饰先行词a scientist ，先行词在从句中作定语，应用关
系代词whose引导。故填whose。30．where【详解】考查表语从句。句意：家是你能找到爱和关怀的地方。空格处引导的是表语从
句，由句意可知，“家是你能找到爱和关怀的地方”，空格处意为“……的地方”，应用连接副词where引导。故填where。31．A
32．D 33．B【分析】本文是篇应用文。文章介绍了一个青少年天文咖啡馆项目，此项目旨在为高中生提供在天文前线工作的科学
家交流的机会。文章还提供了这个项目的具体内容、目的、时间、报名方式等信息。31．细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“The stu
dents will use the actual computer programs and data that the sci
entists use!(学生们将使用科学家们使用的实际计算机程序和数据)”可知，参与该项目的学生将使用真实的科学数据。故选A。3
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“The program aims to improve student achievement
, and fuel (激发) their desire to go to college and pursue a career
in science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (STEM) in th
e future.(该项目旨在提高学生的成绩，激发他们上大学的愿望，并在未来追求科学、技术、工程或数学(STEM)领域的职业生涯)
”可知，该项目的主要目的是鼓励进一步研究STEM。故选D。33．细节理解题。文章的最后“Dates for the Teen As
tronomy Cafés next coming academic year (学年) are:”给出了下个学年这个项目的日期，
根据所提供的日期，只有选项B在范围之内。故选B。34．C 35．A 36．C 37．D【导语】本文是一篇议论文。
文章讲述社交媒体扩大了我们的人际关系范围，但会引发孤独感和不自信。我们应该加强与现实生活中朋友的联系。34．推理判断题。根据第一段
“Why does social media trigger feelings of loneliness and inadequ
acy? Because instead of being real life, it is, for the most part
, impression management, a way of marketing yourself, carefully c
hoosing and filtering the picture and words to put your best face
forward. （为什么社交媒体会引发孤独感和不自信?因为在大多数情况下，它不是真实的生活，而是印象管理，一种自我营销的方式，
仔细地选择和过滤图片和文字，把你最好的一面展现出来。）”由此可推断作者暗示社交媒体让我们感到孤立和无能，故选C。35．推理判断题。
根据第二段“Generally speaking, there are no unfiltered comments and ca
sually taken photos on our social media pages. And, rightfully so
, because it wouldn''t feel safe to be completely authentic and vu
lnerable with some of our “friends” whom we don''t actually know o
r with whom trust has yet to be built.（一般来说，我们的社交媒体页面上没有未经过滤的评论和随
意拍摄的照片。而且，这是有道理的，因为在一些我们不认识的“朋友”面前表现得完全真实和脆弱会让人感到不安全，或者我们还没有建立起信任
。）”由此可知，人们在社交媒体上有选择性地发表评论，原因是他们对不了解和不信任的网友设防，故选A。36．细节理解题。根据第四段“A
lso, we tend to idealize others'' lives and compare our downfalls
to their greatest accomplishments, ending in feelings of loneline
ss and inadequacy. （同时，我们也倾向于将他人的生活理想化，并将自己的失败与他人的伟大成就相比较，最终会感到孤独
和不足。）”由此可知，人们往往认为他人的生活很美好，故选C。37．细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, social med
ia should feel like a fun experience, not one that contributes to
negative thoughts and feelings. If the latter is the case, incre
asing face to face time with trusted friends, and minimizing time
scrolling online, will prove to be a reminder that your social n
etwork is much more rewarding than any “like”, “follow” or “share
” can be. （然而，社交媒体应该是一种有趣的体验，而不是一种消极的想法和感觉。如果是后者，增加与信任的朋友面对面的时间，减
少在线滚动的时间，将被证明是一个提醒，你的社交网络比任何“点赞”，“关注”或“分享”更有价值。）”可知当社交媒体让人产生了消极的感
受，作者建议人们增加朋友面对面的交流时间，故选D。38．D 39．A 40．B 41．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文
。文章主要介绍的是在目前快速阅读的大背景下，阅读爱好者发起了一项“回归慢速阅读”的活动并例举了慢速。38．推理判断题。根据第二段“
According to the Journal, the Wellington book club is just one ex
ample of a movement started by book lovers who miss the old-fashi
oned way of reading before the Internet and smartphones.(据《华尔街日报》
报道，惠灵顿读书俱乐部只是由怀念互联网和智能手机出现之前的老式阅读方式的图书爱好者发起的一项运动的一个例子)”可知，第二段提到的惠
灵顿读书俱乐部显示了慢阅读的新趋势。故选D。39．细节理解题。根据第四段“The Internet may have made u
s stupider, says Patrick Kingsey from The Guardian. Because of th
e Internet, he says, we have become very good at collecting a wid
e range of interesting news, but we are also gradually forgetting
how to sit back, reflect, and relate all these facts to each oth
er. (《卫报》的帕特里克·金西说，互联网可能让我们变得更笨。他说，因为互联网，我们已经非常擅长收集各种有趣的新闻，但我们也逐渐
忘记了如何坐下来，反思，并将所有这些事实相互联系起来)”可知，根据帕特里克·金斯利的说法，人们之所以更愚蠢，部分原因是缺乏反思。故
选A。40．细节理解题。根据第三段“Another study published last year in science sh
owed that reading novels slowly helps people understand other’s m
ental states and beliefs, a fundamental skill in building relatio
nships. (去年发表在《科学》杂志上的另一项研究表明，慢慢阅读小说有助于人们理解他人的精神状态和信仰，这是建立人际关系的一项
基本技能)”可知，慢阅读有助于人们之间的理解。故选B。41．推理判断题。根据第一段“But a new trend encoura
ges people to enjoy reading slowly, listing benefits beyond the i
ntelligent stimulation. (但现在有一种新趋势鼓励人们享受慢速阅读，它列出了智力刺激之外的好处)”及全文可知
，文章主要介绍的是在目前快速阅读的大背景下，阅读爱好者发起了一项“回归慢速阅读”的活动并例举了慢速。所以作者写此文的目的是号召我们
慢慢阅读。故选A。42．C 43．B 44．C【分析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了五部音乐剧的特点。42．推理判断题。根
据第三段中“The Phantom of the Opera, tells the tale of a shadowy chara
cter who attempts to make Christina the leading lady of the Paris
Opera.”可知，歌剧魅影讲述了一个暗影人物试图让Christina成为巴黎歌剧院的女主角的故事，因此这部歌剧讲的是一个引人注
目的故事。故选C项。43．推理判断题。根据Matilda The Musical部分的“Children and adults a
like will be delighted by the little girl with an extraordinary i
magination.”可知孩子们和成年人都会喜欢这个有着奇幻想象的小女孩，因此Matilda The Musical最可能吸引孩
子们和成年人的兴趣。故选B项。44．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Find your new favorite West End m
usicals, from heartwarming adaptations and award-winning scores t
o extremely funny musicals and must-see London shows.(找到你最喜欢的西端音乐
剧，从感人的改编和获奖的分数，到非常有趣的音乐剧和必须看的伦敦节目。)”并结合各分述段落可知全文分别介绍的是5个音乐剧的特点和票价
，符合广告的宣传形式，所以此文的主要目的是给5部音乐剧打广告。故选C项。45．B 46．D 47．E 48．G
49．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了社会学概念中文化的各种形式以及内容。45．前文提到“It is important
for shaping social relationships, maintaining and challenging so
cial order, determining how we make sense of the world and our pl
ace in it, and in shaping our everyday actions and experiences in
society.（它对塑造社会关系、维护和挑战社会秩序、决定我们如何理解世界和我们在其中的地位、塑造我们在社会中的日常行为和经验
都很重要。）”，后文提到“In brief, sociologists define the non–material aspec
ts of culture as the values and beliefs, language, communication
and practices that are shared in common by a group of people.（简而言
之，社会学家将文化的非物质方面定义为一群人共有的价值观、信仰、语言、交流和实践。）”社会学家提到了文化在非物质方面表现为价值观、信
仰、语言等，由此可知文化在社会学表现为物质和非物质方面。B项“It is composed of both non-materia
l and material things.”（它由非物质的和物质的东西组成。）该项可作为第一段的段尾句同时引起第二段关于文化两个
方面的内容，起到承上启下的作用。故选B。46．后文提到“It informs and is encapsulated in how
we walk, sit, carry our bodies and interact with others; how we
behave depending on the place, time and “audience”; and how we ex
press identities of race, class and gender, among others. （它体现在我们
走路、坐着、抬着身体以及与他人互动的方式中；我们的行为取决于地点、时间和“观众”；以及我们如何表达种族、阶级和性别等身份。）”由此
判断，人们的一些行为也是根据文化本身而进行的。D项“Culture is also what we do and how we b
ehave and perform.”（文化也是我们所做的以及我们的行为和表现。）该项提到的“行为和表现”对应后文中出现的“走路、
坐着、互动方式”等，起到承上启下的作用。故选D。47．第三段第二句提到“This aspect of culture includ
es a wide variety of things, from buildings, technological gadget
s and clothing, to film, music, literature and art, among others.
（这方面的文化包括各种各样的东西，从建筑、科技产品和服装，到电影、音乐、文学和艺术等等。）”能通过建筑、科技等方式体现的文化指的是
文化的物质方面，E项“Material culture is composed of the things that humans
make and use.”（物质文化是由人类制造和使用的东西组成的。）该项提到的“由人类制造和使用的东西”指的是后文中提到的“
建筑、科技产品、服装”等。由此判断该项起到引起后文的作用。故选E。48．前文提到“Material culture emerges
from and is shaped by the non-material aspects of culture.（物质文化产
生于文化的非物质方面，并受其塑造。）”文化的物质和非物质方面是相互影响的，尤其是非物质方面会影响物质方面，G项“In other
words, what we value, believe and know influences the things that
we make.”（换句话说，我们所重视的、相信的和知道的影响着我们所做的事情）由此判断，该项中提到的“what we valu
e, believe and know ”（我们所重视的、相信的和知道的）即为文化的非物质方面，该项起到承上启下的作用，故选G。4
9．前文提到“ a powerful documentary film might change people’s attitud
es and beliefs.”（一部好的纪录片可能会改变人的态度和信仰），且后文提到“What has come before
in terms of music, film, television and art, for example, influen
ces the values, beliefs and expectations of those who interact wi
th them, which then, in turn, influence the creation of additiona
l cultural products.”（例如，之前在音乐、电影、电视和艺术方面出现的东西影响着与之互动的人的价值观、信仰和期望
，而这些价值观、信仰和期望又反过来影响着其他文化产品的创造。）音乐、电影、电视等方面出现的都是属于文化产品，而价值观、信仰和期望又
会对文化产品的创造产生影响。由此判断文化产品的产生也是受一定价值观、信仰等方面的影响。A项“This is why cultura
l products tend to follow patterns.”（这就是为什么文化产品倾向于遵循模式。）起到承上启下的作用
，符合文意。故选A。50． Einstein got himself on the path towards the Theory
of Relativity by “the thought experiment” 51． “the relativity of
time” means how we experience time depends on where we are and w
hat we are doing. 52．Thinking about a problem for a long time
and not giving up 53．I think I think “creative thinking” is a
long-term process.I agree with Einstein.It’s important to devote
certain time every day to “creative thinking”: whatever problem o
r idea it is that interests you, set aside some time every day to
thinking about it.【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了爱因斯坦相对论的提出过程。50．细节理解题。根据文章第
二段“Einstein had a special technique to do this, and he called it
“the thought experiment”, which is simply an experiment you do in
side your own head. The most famous thought experiment is the one
Einstein used to get himself on the path towards the Theory of R
elativity.(爱因斯坦有一种特殊的技术来做这个，他称之为“思想实验”，这只是一个你在自己的头脑里做的实验。最著名的思想实验
是爱因斯坦用来使自己走上相对论之路的实验。)”可知，爱因斯坦是通过“思想实验”走上相对论道路的。故答案为Einstein got
himself on the path towards the Theory of Relativity by “the thou
ght experiment”。51．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Basically, how we experience tim
e depends on where we are and what we are doing. Einstein explain
ed it as follows: “When you’re talking to a pretty girl, an hour
seems like a minute. If you sit on a hot fire, a minute seems lik
e an hour. That’s relativity.” (基本上，我们如何体验时间取决于我们在哪里以及我们在做什么。 爱因斯坦是这样解释的：“当你和一个漂亮的女孩说话时，一小时就像一分钟。 如果你坐在火炉上，一分钟就像一小时。 这就是相对论。” )”可知，“时间的相对性”是指我们如何体验时间取决于我们在哪里和我们在做什么。故答案为“the relativity of time” means how we experience time depends on where we are and what we are doing。52．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Einstein also believed in thinking about a problem for a long time and not giving up: as he once said, “I think and think for months and years. Ninety-nine times, the conclusion is false. The hundredth time I am right.”(爱因斯坦还相信要对一个问题进行长时间的思考，而不是放弃：正如他曾经说过的，“我想了几个月，甚至几年。九十九次，结论都是错的。这是我第一百次说对了。”)”可知，爱因斯坦认为“考虑一个问题很长时间，不放弃”对思考是重要的。故答案为Thinking about a problem for a long time and not giving up53．开放性试题。文章第三段“But Einstein believed it’s important to devote certain time every day to “creative thinking”: whatever problem or idea it is that interests you, set aside some time every day to thinking about it.(但爱因斯坦认为，每天花一定的时间进行“创造性思考”是很重要的：无论你感兴趣的是什么问题或想法，每天都留出一些时间来思考。 )”提到了爱因斯坦的观点，可以参考此观点作答。故答案为I think I think “creative thinking” is a long-term process.I agree with Einstein.It’s important to devote certain time every day to “creative thinking”: whatever problem or idea it is that interests you, set aside some time every day to thinking about it.54．Possible versionDear Jim,In your last letter, you mentioned you have difficulties in learning. I totally understand you. I’m willing to give you some advice on how to learn effectively. For one thing, when acquiring new knowledge, you should try to make connections with what you have already learned. For another, you should learn to do “spaced review”, especially during the first day after learning. In addition, there are some common practices you should know, such as sleeping well and doing physical exercise. All these can help improve your memory and learn effectively.I hope my advice will be useful. If you need more help, please let me know.Yours, Li Hua【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给向你咨询如何提高学习效率的英国朋友Jim写封回信，内容包括：表示理解；提出建议并说明理由。【详解】1.词汇积累建议：advice→suggestion获得：acquire→gain此外：In addition→Besides有用的：useful→helpful2.句式拓展合并简单句原句：I totally understand you. I’m willing to give you some advice on how to learn effectively. 拓展句：I totally understand you so that I’m willing to give you some advice on how to learn effectively.【点睛】[高分句型1] For one thing, when acquiring new knowledge, you should try to make connections with what you have already learned. (运用了when引导的状语从句和what引导的宾语从句)[高分句型2] If you need more help, please let me know.(运用了if引导的状语从句)试卷第11页，共33页试卷第11页，共33页答案第11页，共22页答案第11页，共22页 |
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