上海市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末英语试卷（含解析）

上海市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末英语试卷学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________一、单
项选择1．__________had all summer been a source of satisfaction to Ja
y Gatsby had become a threat.A．The same very fame whichB．The fame
very same thatC．The very same fame whichD．The very same fame tha
t2．Mr. Wang made up his mind to devote all he could ____ his oral
English before going abroad.A．improveB．to improvingC．improvingD．
to improve3．In Britain 18-to-24-year-olds are spending _________
time on Facebook and Instagram, its sister app, as they were four
years ago.A．much moreB．as half muchC．more muchD．half as much4．Du
ring the early ____________of planetary evolution, they served to
sweep the solar system.A．stagesB．journeysC．speciesD．demands5．For
the world to meet the goals of the Paris agreement, _________ th
e average global temperature rise to 1.5°C above pre-industrial l
evels will take immediate action from every country.A．to limitB．b
eing limitedC．limitedD．having limited6．What really flatters a man
is you think him worth flattering.A．thatB．whetherC．whatD．how7．
The companies are working together to create _______ they hope wi
ll bring the greatest transformation in the 21st century.A．whatB．
thatC．whichD．who8．ALK or the gene for anaplastic lymphoma kinase
is a stretch of DNA whose mutant (突变的) form has been associated w
ith human cancers, but, its normal function which has something t
o do with thinness in humans had not been _________before the res
earch.A．foundedB．establishedC．maintainedD．received9． attended th
e premiere(首映) of this new play is sure to tell the show is worth
y twice.A．Whoever has…to be watchedB．Whoever has…watchingC．Those
who have…to be watchedD．Those who have…watching10．We can learn fr
om the educational program how to make positive choices when ____
_____ with personal conflicts.A．we faceB．facingC．facedD．being fac
ed11．It is no use _________ the politician or businessman, who ha
s been working or worrying about serious things for six days, ___
______ about other things at the weekend.A．to invite; to worryB．i
nviting; worryingC．inviting; to worryD．to invite; worrying12．She
had to give the doorman a tip _________ he would help her with th
e suitcases; otherwise, she could turn to nobody except herself o
n such a hot day.A．beforeB．unlessC．ifD．until13．________ implement
ing these new measures is not easy, one positive sign is that res
idents started actively negotiating with those tasked with their
implementation.A．WhileB．OnceC．BecauseD．Whether14．The _______ boy
was last seen _______ near the East Lake.A．missing; playingB．miss
ing; playC．missed; playedD．missed; to play15．We need a society __
_______ around the belief that we can all learn and grow througho
ut our lives, that none of us has perfect knowledge, and that a g
ood deal of learning is always yet _________ .A．building; to come
B．built; to comeC．to be built; comingD．being built; coming16．He i
s _________ with first degree murder in deaths of 10 pedestrians.
A．accusedB．occupiedC．irritatedD．charged17．Those who _________ fal
se news should be blamed.A．circulateB．stageC．stressD．extend18．Her
joy was so _________ that he forgot his own fears for the future
.A．beneficialB．honorableC．symbolicD．infectious19．She wants her pa
intings _________ in the gallery, but we don’t think they would b
e very popular.A．displayB．displayedC．to displayD．displaying20．The
first half of the story has no connection with the second half.
His narration simply doesn’t _________.A．make upB．give upC．add up
D．take up二、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions: After reading the passage belo
w, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatica
lly correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank
with proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use on
e word that best fits each blank.Kazuo Ishiguro has a number of s
trings to his bow, or rather bis guitar 2162-year-old is world f
amous as a writer of fiction, but his early dream was to be a gre
at singer and songwriter.His friend and former publisher Robert M
cCrum recalls him 22(turn)up at the publishing house Faber and F
aber with a bunch of his stories in one hand and e guitar over hi
s shoulder. It was his stories 23earned him the great honor.As h
is name indicates, Ishiguro comes from a Japanese background, alt
hough he came to Britain from Japan at the age of 5 and is a Brit
ain citizen who writes in English. He 24(educate) at the Univers
ity of East Anglia ,a school that has become known for training w
riters.Ishiguro''s writing is highly restrained. His characters ar
e often reluctant to express themselves, except in a kind of code
. This certainly gives his writing a quality in common with that
of Jane Austen, an author to whom he is often compared. The best
example of this is his novel The Remains of the Day, 25(adapt) l
ater into a successful film with the same name.The central charac
ter of the book is a butler called Stevens. He is an extremely lo
yal servant to an English lord, and is a character 26some might
call repressed(压抑的). He is not willing to confess his feelings to
anyone 27he misses out on(错失) affection and love.The story is t
old by Stevens and his style is as polite and unrevealing as his
behavior. Of course we 28read between the lines to uncover the “
real” story, which isn’t quite the one the butler is telling. Ste
vens finds it challenging 29(communicate), and communication is
often a theme in Ishiguro’s novels.In his author’s sense of the w
orld, there is a gap between our feelings and our ability to comm
unicate 30. The Nobel Committee emphasized this theme when it ta
lked about communicate Ishiguro’s work. The writer has, the commi
ttee claimed, “in novels of great emotional force...uncovered the
abyss(深渊) beneath our illusory(虚幻的) sense of connection with the
world.”三、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文Directions: Complete the following passag
e by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.
Note that there is one word more than you need.A．fatigue?B．quali
fied?C． challenge?D．routine?E. persistentF. meant?G. necessarily?
H. fueled?I. suffer?J. recognize?K ideallyFor the entirety of our
life we have been coping with anxiety. But having some anxiety,
especially in a stressful situation, isn’t 31 bad and can actual
ly be beneficial, experts say. The right amount of anxiety can im
prove performance.Anxiety is an uncomfortable emotion, often 32
by uncertainty. It can create intense, excessive and 33 worry an
d fear, not just about stressful events but also about everyday s
ituations. There are usually physical symptoms too, like fast hea
rt rate, muscle tension, rapid breathing, sweating and 34.Too mu
ch anxiety can be debilitating (使体弱力衰). But a normal amount is 3
5 to help keep us safe, experts say. “The emotion of anxiety and
the underlying physiological stress response evolved to protect u
s,” Wendy Suzuki, a neuroscientist and the author of “Good Anxiet
y,” said, “Managing stress may be more useful than getting rid of
it.” According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, a theory that originate
d in the early 20th century from experiments on mice, increasing
amounts of cognitive arousal, or stress, can improve performance
— but only up to a certain point. The theory, represented by a cu
rve shaped like a mountain, shows that after it peaks, greater le
vels of stress cause performance to 36.When anxiety is turned up
too high, Dr. Suzuki added, it tends to become less useful. The
first step in controlling anxiety that holds you back is to 37 w
hen you’re feeling overly anxious and try to dial it down.A certa
in degree of anxiety can help people prepare for a potential 38,
remain cautious and stay organized. But if anxiety is making you
“uncomfortable more often than not” or interfering with 39 func
tioning and preventing you from living the life you want to live,
that signals the need for additional support, 40 from a mental
health professional.四、完形填空Biology is making it clearer that a man
’s health and well-being have a measurable impact on his future c
hildren’s health and happiness. This is not because a strong, res
ponsible man has a greater 41 of being a good dad—or not only fo
r that reason—or because he’s probably got good genes. Whether a
good man’s genes are good or bad(and whatever “good” and “bad” me
an in the context)，his children’s bodies and minds will reflect
42 choices he has made over the years, even if he made those choi
ces 43, he ever imagined himself strapping on a baby Bjorn.Docto
rs have been telling men for years that smoking, drinking and rec
reational drugs can lower the 44 of the sperm(精子). What doctors
should probably add is that the health of unborn children can be
affected by what and how much men eat; the toxins(poisonous subst
ances)they 45, the traumas(unpleasant experiences)they endure, t
heir poverty or powerlessness; and their age at the time of conce
ption(怀孕). 46, what a man needs to know is that his life experie
nce leaves 47 traces on his children. Even more astonishingly, t
hose children may pass those traces along to their children.Latel
y scientists have been obsessed with(着迷于)a means of 48 that isn’
t genetic but isn’t non-genetic either. It’s epigenetic,“Epi”,in
Greek, means “above” or “beyond”. Think of epigenetics as the way
our bodies modify their genetic makeup. Epigenetics describes 4
9 genes are turned on or off, in part through compounds that get
on top of DNA—or else jump off it— 50 whether it makes the protei
ns that tell our bodies what to do.In the past decade or so, the
study of epigenetics has become so 51 that it is practically a c
raze. Psychologists and sociologists particularly like it because
gene expression or suppression(抑制)is 52 affected by the 53 and
plays at least as large a role as genes do in the development of
a person’s characteristics, body shape and tendency to disease.
I’ve become obsessed with epigenetics because it 54 me as both g
ame-changing and terrifying. Our genes can be switched on or off
by three environmental factors, among other things: what we inges
t(food, drink, air, toxins)，what we 55(stress, trauma)，and how l
ong we live.41．A．passionB．likelihoodC．opportunityD．value42．A．life
styleB．geneticC．habitualD．parental43．A．long beforeB．long afterC．a
s long asD．shortly after44．A．quantityB．qualityC．valueD．size45．A．r
eleaseB．produceC．absorbD．consume46．A．MoreoverB．On the contraryC．I
n other wordsD．On the other hand47．A．vitalB．potentialC．distinctD．
biological48．A．inheritanceB．growthC．developmentD．breeding49．A．whe
reB．whyC．whenD．how50．A．regulatingB．determiningC．definingD．testing
51．A．seriousB．popularC．significantD．sensitive52．A．at the mostB．at
the leastC．in generalD．to some degree53．A．intelligenceB．cultureC
．environmentD．psychology54．A．shocksB．strikesC．discouragesD．inspir
es55．A．experienceB．sufferC．supportD．comprehend五、阅读理解RINGING IN YO
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ressful condition that can cause sleeplessness, anxiety and socia
l isolation. It is often accompanied by dizziness, a certain degr
ee of sound sensitivity, blocked-ear or hearing loss.Now there is
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ief pills.C．By hiring the best doctors and researchers.D．By using
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or freeRunning is a great form of exercise. However, running unde
r certain conditions can cause a variety of injuries.The National
Running Association recently released the results of its latest
survey on common running injuries, as illustrated in the picture
on the right. According to the survey results, the most reported
cases are related to knee injury and muscle pull, with the former
occurring a little less frequently. About a quarter of the respo
ndents say they have had plantar fasciitis, The number of respond
ents suffering from Achilles tendonitis or shin splints is nearly
twice that of those with stress fracture, which is also what few
est respondents report.There are two main causes of running injur
y: structural imbalance and training volume. Structural imbalance
occurs when a certain muscle group is weak and requires other mu
scle groups to help. The body adapts to stresses and becomes stro
nger. This is the basic principle of training. However, if you pu
sh too fast or run too far, you can stress the body in such a way
that it never has time to fully recover. Training progression an
d moderation are the keys to avoiding overuse injury.Here are sev
eral ways to avoid running injury.● Prepare your body for running
by walking.● Understand your body type and be patient.● Follow a
sensible training plan or find a coach.● Wear the right shoes.Th
e cause of the injury is not easy to diagnose. For example, a foo
t problem can cause a problem in the knees or back. Finding and t
reating the cause of a running injury is the job of a trained doc
tor. More importantly, listen to your body and recognize the sign
s of overtraining so that you can avoid running injury.59．Which g
roup of injuries best fits the blanks numbered ①, ②, ③ and ④ in t
he picture?A．① knee injury; ② muscle pull; ③ stress fracture; ④ s
hin splintsB．① muscle pull; ② knee injury; ③ stress fracture; ④ A
chilles tendonitisC．① knee injury; ② muscle pull; ③ shin splints;
④ stress fractureD．① muscle pull; ② knee injury; ③ Achilles tend
onitis; ④ stress fracture60．According to the passage, which of th
e following leads to structural imbalance?A．Using some muscles mo
re intensely than others.B．Training weak muscles more often than
strong ones.C．Adapting your body to stresses slowly.D．Giving your
body little time to recover.61．According to the passage, if you
want to find out why your back and knees hurt after running. you
had better _____.A．turn to a coach for helpB．consult a trained do
ctorC．understand your body type firstD．wear another pair of runni
ng shoesOf all the changes that have taken place in English-langu
age newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most
far-reaching one has been the inevitable decline in the scope and
seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point
of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to
imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found i
n most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most
significant collections of criticism published in the 20th centu
ry consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such boo
ks today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents wer
e once considered suitable for publication in general-circulation
dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper
reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th centur
y and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-
cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament (装饰)
to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days,
it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would w
rite in detail and at length about the events they covered. Their
s was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their
learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, co
uld be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed i
n journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the
daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift
enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “th
at I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt app
lied by writers who are not read to writers who are’.”Unfortunate
ly, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wr
ote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before hi
s death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the
game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of
England’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely
admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He wa
s knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet
only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writi
ngs on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance t
hat Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems r
emote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and
postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vi
cwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tra
dition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.62．Which o
f the following statements is TRUE according to the first two par
agraphs?A．English-language newspapers with more arts coverage sel
l well.B．Young readers nowadays enjoy reading high-quality arts c
riticism.C．The criticism published in the 20th century lacked lea
rned contents.D．There were more arts reviews in English-language
newspapers in the past.63．Based on the third paragraph, which of
the following statements is TRUE?A．The newsprint was too cheap to
make profits.B．Not all writers were capable of journalistic writ
ing.C．Arts criticism was removed from the print newspapers.D．Writ
ers are likely to be tempted into journalism.64．Why was Cardus’s
criticism no longer popular?A．Because he mainly wrote essays on t
he game of cricket.B．Because people cast doubt on his reputation
as a knight.C．Because his music criticism failed to appeal to rea
ders nowadays.D．Because his works were quite amateur rather than
professional.65．Which of the following is the best title for this
passage?A．The Distinguished Critics in MemoryB．The Lost Horizon
in NewspapersC．The Shortage of Literary GeniusesD．The Newspapers
of the Good Old Days六、六选四What Makes Me “Me”?My culture comes from
where I am from and where I was raised. I am an American. I was
born and raised in Alaska. My ethnic background is German, Englis
h, and Scottish. Culture is all about family. It is a family’s be
lief systems, the cultural traditions that are celebrated, and th
e special holidays and events that occur in the year.My parents r
aised me with a lot of beliefs that have had an impact on who I a
m today. These are the beliefs that don’t just belong to my cultu
re, but they come straight from the values of my family. 66 I wa
s raised to believe that through hard work, I could become succes
sful and have a good life. I strive to do this every day and to b
e good at my life and my jobs. I’m not really religious. 67 I be
lieve that if you are a good person to others, you will be reward
ed for it in many ways.There are a lot of cultural traditions tha
t my family has. Some are from my cultural background and some ar
e from the place where I was raised. I raise my son to have manne
rs and to be well behaved. I raise him to know that hard work is
important and that he is expected to put his best effort into thi
ngs. 68 We gather every summer in Haines so that all the cousins
can grow up together. Birthdays were always important events whil
e growing up. My mom was excited to celebrate every holiday. Tric
k or treating on Halloween, hiding baskets on Easter, giving out
cards to classmates on Valentine’s Day, wearing green on St. Patr
ick’s Day, and of course loads of presents under the tree on Chri
stmas morning. My parents always made holidays a big deal, so now
my son also gets to be excited for them every year.My culture ma
kes me a person that celebrates life. My family has a lot of good
friends and we are usually a good part of the community. 69 We
like to go outdoors and have adventures. My belief systems, cultu
ral traditions, and special events have made me a happy person wh
o is fun to be around and who can have a positive impact on other
s.A．Holidays are when my family gathers and has a good time toget
her.B．School education has civilized me with a mind for peace and
calm.C．I believe that women are more intelligent than men becaus
e my mother is a strong woman.D．Summer is the time when we always
organize some special events as a big family.E．However, I know t
hat it is important to follow the golden rule and to treat others
with dignity and respect.F．We take care of each other and try to
treat others with respect.七、汉译英（整句）70．在整理衣橱时，他突然想到还有一条褪色的牛仔裤挂在阳台
。(occur) （汉译英）71．这部新上映的电影主要是为了呼吁相关各方及时关注青少年抑郁症的迹象。(mean) （汉译英）72．
快把冰箱里的牛奶喝掉，它很容易坏。（for）(汉译英)参考答案1．D【详解】考查定语从句。句意：整个夏天使杰伊·盖茨比感到满足的正
是那份名声，现在成了一种威胁。根据句意和观察选项可知，句子主语是fame“名声”，用The very same修饰，其后跟定语从句
，先行词fame被“the very”修饰时，定语从句引导词只能用that不能用which，因此空格处是The very same
fame that，故选D。2．B【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：王先生决心在出国前尽其所能提高英语口语。此处是devote…to
…“将……奉献给；把……专用于”，to是介词，he could (devote)是all的定语从句，由此可知，B项正确。故选B。3
．D【详解】考查固定短语。句意：在英国，18到24岁的年轻人花在Facebook和Instagram（其姊妹应用）上的时间是四年前
的一半。根据空后的as可知，此处考查as much...as结构，排除A、C项，much后接被修饰的不可数名词time，half作
为倍数，应置于第一个as之前，故选D项。4．A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在行星演化的早期,他们用来清扫太阳系。A. stag
es阶段；B. journeys旅程；C. species物种；D. demands要求。根据planetary evolutio
n可知，此处用“阶段”符合语境，故选A项。5．A【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：世界各国要实现《巴黎协定》的目标，就必须立即采取行动
，将全球平均气温升幅控制在比工业化前水平高1.5摄氏度以内。空格处作“will take immediate action fro
m every country”这个动作的主语，应用不定式作主语，表示将来，take immediate action to do
是固定短语，意为“立即采取行动做某事”，故选A。6．A【详解】考查表语从句。句意：真正令一个人愉快的是你认为他值得奉承。分析句子可
知，本句主语是“What really flatters a man”，is为系动词，后接表语从句，从句的成分和意思都是完整的，故
用that引导。故选A项。7．A【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：两家公司正在共同努力，希望创造出21世纪最伟大的变革。空格处引导的是宾
语从句，从句中they hope是插入语，可去掉，从句缺少主语，句子表示“两家公司正在共同努力，希望创造出21世纪最伟大的变革”，
因此空格处用what引导宾语从句，故选A。8．B【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：ALK或间变性淋巴瘤激酶基因是一段DNA，其突变形
式与人类癌症有关，但在研究之前，其与人类瘦有关的正常功能尚未建立。A. founded创办；成立；B. established确立
；查实；建立；C. maintained维持；保养；D. received收到。根据句意，此处指“正常功能尚未建立”，故选动词es
tablish。故选B。9．A【详解】考查主谓一致和固定短语。句意：无论谁看过这部新剧的首演，都一定会说这部戏值得看两遍。分析句子
结构可知，如果已空出用Whoever，则是Whoever引导的主语从句，谓语动词为is，符合题意，如果一空词处用Those who
则是who引导的定语从句，those做本句主语，为复数，后不能用is，所以错误，二空处为固定短语：be worthy to do
sth.意为“值得做某事”，且watch的逻辑主语是show，两者是被动关系，应该用被动语态。故选A项。10．C【详解】考查时态，
固定短语和省略。句意：我们可以从教育节目中学习如何在面对个人冲突时做出积极的选择。be faced with是固定短语，意为“面对
”，根据语境可知，when引导的时间状语从句是when we are faced wth personal conflicts，时
间状语从句中主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是faced，故选C。11．C【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：不要让政治家或商人在周末的时候担心小事。他们已经在六天的工作中对于严肃问题担心得够多了。it is no u
se doing sth为固定搭配，意为“做某事没有用”，故第一个空应该使用动名词；同时第二空符合的是invite sb. to
do sth.，需要使用to do不定式作宾补，故用to worry。故选C。12．A【详解】考查状语从句。句意：她必须给看门人小
费，他才会帮她搬手提箱；否则，在这么热的天里，她只能求助于自己。A. before在……之前，……才；B. unless除非；C.
if如果；D. until直到。此处表示“她必须给看门人小费，他才会帮她搬手提箱”，需用before引导时间状语从句。故选A。1
3．A【详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然实施这些新措施并不容易，但一个积极的迹象是，居民们开始积极与负责实施这些措施的部门进行谈判。
A. While当……时、虽然，可引导时间状语从句和让步状语从句；B. Once一旦，引导条件状语从句；C. Because因为，
引导原因状语从句；D. Whether是否，引导名词性从句。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导从句，结合从句中的is not easy
和主句中的one positive sign可知，主从句之间存在转折关系，此处应表示“虽然实施这些新措施不同意”，为让步状语从句，
用while引导。故选A项。14．A【详解】考查形容词词义辨析及非谓语动词。句意：那个失踪的男孩最后一次被看到时正在东湖附近玩。根
据语境，第一空为形容词missing“丢失的”，做定语修饰名词；第二空是主语补足语，因其后有明确的地点，补足语表示动作当时正在进行
中，所以只能使用playing。也就是说，这里使用的是see sb. doing sth.这一结构，而不是see sb. do s
th.这一结构。故选A。15．B【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们需要一个建立在这样一种信念之上的社会:我们每个人都可以在一生中学
习和成长，没有人拥有完美的知识，还有大量的学问有待学习。整句话中的谓语是need，第一空处用非谓语动词，society和build
之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此第一空用过去分词built表被动；由“none of us has perfect knowledge”可
知，没有人拥有完美的知识，还有大量的学问有待学习，第二空用不定式表将来，故选B。16．D【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他因致10
名行人死亡而被指控一级谋杀。A. accuse v. 指责，控告；B. occupy v. 居住 v. 占领；C. irritat
e vt. 刺激，使兴奋 vt. 使发怒；D. charge v. 指控，谴责。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查表示“控告”对应的
动词，和with构成固定搭配，charge sb with sth “因某事指责/控告某人”的意思，被动结构是be charged
with，“被控告”的意思。accuse sb of sth “因某事指责/控告某人”的意思。故选D。17．A【详解】考查动词词
义辨析。句意：那些传播虚假新闻的人应该遭到谴责。A. circulate 传播，散布； B. stage 筹划，举办； C. st
ress 强调；D. extend 延申，扩展。由句意可知，主语those指代的这类人应该被谴责，who引导的定语从句补充说明这些
人所做的应该被谴责的事情。circulate false news意思是“散布虚假新闻”，符合语境。故选A。18．D【详解】考查形
容词词义辨析。句意：她的喜悦如此具有感染力，以至于他忘记了自己对未来的恐惧。A. beneficial有益的；B. honorab
le光荣的；C. symbolic象征性的；D. infectious有感染力的。由“Her joy”和“he forgot hi
s own fears for the future”可知，句子表示“她的喜悦如此具有感染力，以至于他忘记了自己对未来的恐惧”，空
格处意为“有感染力的”。故选D。19．B【详解】考查过去分词。句意：她想要她的绘画在画廊展出，但是我们认为那些画不会太受欢迎。设空
处为宾语补足语，根据题干“绘画”和“展出”是被动关系，应用过去分词，故选B。20．C【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个故事的第一
部分和第二部分没有联系。他的叙述不合情理。A. make up构成，化妆，编造；B. give up放弃；C. add up加起来
，合乎情理，有道理；D. take up占据，开始从事。根据“The first half of the story has no
connection with the second half.”可知，此处指故事的两部分没有联系，他的陈述不合情理。故选C项。
21．The 22．turning 23．that 24．was educated 25．adapted
26．who/that 27．so that 28．have to 29．to communicate
30．them【分析】本文是说明。讲述了诺贝尔文学奖得主日裔英国作家石黑一雄以及他著名的作品小说《长日留痕》，他的作品风格大多
沉静克制，但在平静的表面下却隐藏着巨大的情感力量。21．考查冠词。句意：石黑一雄不只会写作，他还有一手——弹吉他。现年62岁的他是
位举世闻名的小说家。但他早年的梦想却是成为一位伟大的歌手和词曲作家。根据语境，此处“特指62岁的（石黑一雄）”，用定冠词the，置
句首首字母大写，故填The。22．考查非谓语动词。句意：他的好友、前出版商罗伯特·麦克鲁姆还记得当时年轻的石黑背着一把吉他，手上拿
着一叠他所写的故事，出现在费伯出版社的情景。分析句子可知，turn up作宾语补足语，解释说明宾语him，二者之间是主动关系，用现
在分词，故填turning。23．考查强调句型。句意：而正是这些故事让他在两周前获得了诺贝尔奖的殊荣。his stories ea
rned him the great honor是完整的句子，故此句式强调句型，故填that。24．考查动词时态语态。句意：他在以
培养作家著称的东安格利亚大学接受了教育。分析句子可知，educate是谓语动词，与主语he是被动关系，根据句意，受教育是过去的事情
，用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语he是第三人称单数，故填was educated。25．考查过去分词。句意：最好的一个例子便是他所
著的小说《长日留痕》，后来也被成功改编成了电影。分析句子可知，adapt作定语，修饰his novel The Remains o
f the Day，二者之间是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，故填adapted。26．考查定语从句。句意：他是一位英国贵族极尽忠诚的
仆人，有人也会认为这是个压抑的角色。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰a character，从句中作宾语，指人，用关系代词w
ho或者that，故填who/that。27．考查状语从句。句意：他不愿意向任何人吐露自己的心声结果他错过了自己的爱恋。根据处引导
结果状语从句，so that“以便；因此”符合句意，故填so that。28．考查情态动词。句意：当然，我们需要在字里行间读出“真
正的”故事，而这与这位男管家所讲述的大相径庭。空格后是动词原形，故空格处用情态动词，根据句意，have to“必须”符合句意，根据
上下文语境，用一般现在时，主语是复数，故填have to。29．考查不定式。句意：史蒂文斯认为沟通是种挑战，而沟通也常是石黑一雄小
说的主题。分析句子可知，it是形式宾语，communicate是真正的宾语，故用不定式形式，故填to communicate。30
．考查代词。句意：在这位作者的世界观中，人们的情感和表达能力之间存在鸿沟。分析句子可知，空格处指代上文提到our feelings
，作宾语用宾格，故填them。31．G 32．H 33．E 34．A 35．F 36．I 37
．J 38．C 39．D 40．K【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是焦虑，太多焦虑会使人体弱力衰，但是
一定程度的焦虑可以对人有帮助。31．考查副词。句意：但专家表示，有一些焦虑，尤其是在紧张的情况下，并不一定是坏事，实际上是有益的。
结合语意，专家表示有一些焦虑并不一定是坏事，空处应用副词修饰形容词bad，necessarily“必然地”为副词，符合句意。故选G
项。32．考查动词。句意：焦虑是一种不舒服的情绪，通常由不确定性引发。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，结合语意，焦虑通常由不确定性
引发，fueled“刺激”为动词的过去分词形式，符合句意。故选H项。33．考查形容词。句意：它可以产生强烈、过度和持续的担忧和恐惧
，不仅是对压力事件，而且对日常情况。空处应用形容词与intense和excessive并列，作定语修饰名词worry and fe
ar，persistent“持久的，持续的”为形容词，符合句意。故选E项。34．考查名词。句意：通常也有身体症状，如心率加快、肌肉
紧张、呼吸急促、出汗和疲劳。空处应用名词，与fast heart rate，muscle tension，rapid breath
ing和sweating并列，fatigue“疲劳”为名词，符合句意。故选A项。35．考查形容词。句意：但专家表示，正常量的焦虑是
为了帮助我们保持安全。结合语意，正常量的焦虑是为了帮助我们保持安全，be meant to do sth.表示“为了做某事”，所以
meant“为……而做的”为形容词，符合句意。故选F项。36．考查动词。句意：该理论以一条山形曲线为代表，表明在达到峰值后，更大程
度的压力会使表现变差。结合语意，更大程度的压力会使得表现变差，suffer“变差”为动词，符合句意。故选I项。37．考查动词。句意
：控制阻碍你的焦虑的第一步是辨别出你何时感到过度焦虑，并试着降低焦虑。结合语意，控制焦虑的第一步是辨别过度焦虑，recognize
“辨别出，识别”为动词，符合句意。故选J项。38．考查名词。句意：一定程度的焦虑可以帮助人们为潜在的挑战做好准备，保持谨慎和有条理
的。空处应用名词作介词for的宾语，challenge“挑战”为名词，符合句意。故选C项。39．考查形容词。句意：但是，如果焦虑让
你“常常感到不舒服”，或者干扰日常功能，阻碍你过上想要的生活，那就表明需要额外的支持，最好是心理健康专业人士的支持。空处应用形容词
作定语，修饰名词functioning，routine“常规的”为形容词，符合句意。故选D项。40．考查副词。句意：但是，如果焦虑
让你“常常感到不舒服”，或者干扰日常功能，阻碍你过上想要的生活，那就表明需要额外的支持，最好是心理健康专业人士的支持。空处应用副词
形式作状语，结合语意，额外的支持，最好来自心理健康专业人士，ideally“最适合地”为副词，符合句意。故选K项。41．B
42．A 43．A 44．B 45．C 46．C 47．D 48．A 49．D 5
0．B 51．B 52．D 53．C 54．B 55．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了遗传学
上的一种新的遗传方式，也就是表观遗传学。该遗传学描述了基因是如何开启或关闭的，在一定程度上通过物质依附在DNA上面，或脱离下来，来
决定是否会制作出告诉我们身体该做什么的蛋白质。41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这并不是因为一个强壮、负责任的男人更有可能成为一个好爸
爸，或者不仅仅因为这个原因，或者因为他可能有好的基因。A. passion激情；B. likelihood可能性；C. oppor
tunity机会；D. value价值。根据下文“or not only for that reason—or because h
e’s probably got good genes”可知，一个人的健康和幸福对他未来孩子的健康和快乐有着可衡量的影响，这不是因
为一个强壮、负责任的男人更有可能成为一个好爸爸，而可能是因为他有好的基因。故选B。42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论一个好男人的基
因是好是坏(无论“好”和“坏”在语境中是什么意思)，他的孩子的身体和思想都会反映出他多年来所做的生活方式的选择，即使他很久以前就做
出了这些选择，他曾经想象过自己背着婴儿比约恩。A. lifestyle生活方式；B. genetic遗传；C. habitual习
惯性；D. parental父母的。根据下文“Doctors have been telling men for years th
at smoking, drinking and recreational drugs”可知，父亲在成为父亲之间前所选择的生活方式
都会影响自己的孩子。故选A。43．考查介词短语辨析。句意：无论一个好男人的基因是好是坏(无论“好”和“坏”在语境中是什么意思)，他
的孩子的身体和思想都会反映出他多年来所做的生活方式的选择，即使他很久以前就做出了这些选择，他曾经想象过自己背着婴儿比约恩(Bjor
n)。A. long before早于；B. long after之后很久；C. as long as只要；D. shortly
after不久之后。根据下文“Doctors have been telling men for years that smoki
ng, drinking and recreational drugs”可知，父亲在成为父亲之前所选择的生活方式都会影响自己的孩子
。故选A。44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年来，医生一直告诉男性吸烟、饮酒和服用娱乐性药物会降低精子质量。A. quantity数
量；B. quality质量；C. value价值；D. size大小。根据空前“Doctors have been tellin
g men for years that smoking, drinking and recreational drugs can
lower”可知，男性吸烟、饮酒和服用娱乐性药物会降低精子质量。故选B。45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：医生可能应该补充的是，未出
生的孩子的健康可能会受到男性吃什么和吃多少的影响；他们所吸收的毒素（有毒物质），他们所承受的创伤（不愉快的经历），他们的贫穷或无能
为力；以及怀孕时的年龄。A. release释放；B. produce生产；C. absorb吸收；D. consume消费。根据
上文“the toxins(poisonous substances)”可知，孩子的健康会受到男性吃什么，所吸收的毒素以及很多其他
方面的影响。故选C。46．考查介词短语辨析。句意：换句话说，一个男人需要知道的是，他的生活经历在他的孩子身上留下了生物痕迹。A.
Moreover此外；B. On the contrary相反；C. In other words换句话说；D. On the o
ther hand另一方面。根据下文“what a man needs to know is that his life expe
rience leaves?biological?traces on his children”可知，空后的话是对上文的另一种解释
，所以用短语in other words“换句话说”。故选C。47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：换句话说，一个男人需要知道的是，他的
生活经历在他的孩子身上留下了生物痕迹。A. vital重要的；B. potential潜在的；C. distinct不同的；D.
biological生物学的。根据上文“Biology is making it clearer that a man’s hea
lth and well-being have a measurable impact on his future childre
n’s health and happiness.”可知，男人的生活经历都会在孩子身上留下生物痕迹。故选D。48．考查名词词义辨析
。句意：最近，科学家们痴迷于一种既不是基因，也不是非基因的遗传方式。A. inheritance继承，遗传；B. growth生长
；C. development开发；D. breeding育种。根据下文“Epigenetics describes 　9　　 g
enes are turned on or off, in part through compounds that get on
top of DNA—or else jump off it—　10　　 whether it makes the protein
s that tell our bodies what to do.”可知，科学家们痴迷的是一种遗传方式，这种遗传方式既不是基因，
也不是非基因的方式。故选A。49．考查宾语从句。句意：表观遗传学描述了基因是如何开启或关闭的，在一定程度上通过物质依附在DNA上面
，或脱离下来，来决定是否会制作出告诉我们身体该做什么的蛋白质。A. where在哪里；B. why为什么；C. when当…时候；
D. how怎样。根据下文“in part through compounds that get on top of DNA—or
else jump off it—　10　　 whether it makes the proteins that tell o
ur bodies what to do”可知，表观遗传学描述的是基因如何开启或关闭的。空处引导宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少方式状语。
故选D。50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：表观遗传学描述了基因是如何开启或关闭的，在一定程度上通过物质依附在DNA上面，或脱离下来，来
决定是否会制作出告诉我们身体该做什么的蛋白质。A. regulating调节；B. determining确定；C. defini
ng定义；D. testing测试。根据上文“in part through compounds that get on top
of DNA—or else jump off it”可知，在一定程度上物质通过依附在DNA上面，或脱离下来，来决定是否会制作出告
诉我们身体该做什么的蛋白质。故选B。51．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在过去十年左右的时间里，表观遗传学的研究变得如此流行，以至于几
乎成为一种热潮。A. serious严重的；B. popular流行的；C. significant显著的；D. sensitiv
e敏感的。根据下文“that it is practically a craze”可知，表观遗传学在过去的十年里变得非常流行，以至
于几乎成为一种热潮。故选B。52．考查介词短语辨析。句意：心理学家和社会学家特别喜欢它，因为基因表达或抑制在一定程度上受环境的影响
，并且在一个人的特征、体型和疾病倾向的发展中至少与基因起着同样大的作用。A. at the most最多；B. at the le
ast至少；C. in general通常为；D. to some degree在某种程度上。根据下文“Our genes can
be switched on or off by three environmental factors, among othe
r things: what we ingest(food, drink, air, toxins)，what we 　15　　(
stress, trauma)，and how long we live.”可知，基因表达或抑制在一定程度上受环境的影响，并在一个
人的特征、体型和疾病倾向的发展中至少与基因起着同样大的作用。故选D。53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家和社会学家特别喜欢它，因
为基因表达或抑制在一定程度上受环境的影响，并且在一个人的特征、体型和疾病倾向的发展中至少与基因起着同样大的作用。A. intell
igence情报；B. culture文化；C. environment环境；D. psychology心理学。根据下文“Our
genes can be switched on or off by three environmental factors”可知
，基因表达或抑制在一定程度上受环境的影响。故选C。54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我痴迷于表观遗传学，因为它给我的印象是既改变游戏规
则又令人恐惧。A. shocks冲击；B. strikes引起（强烈感情）；C. discourages劝阻；D. inspire
s激发。根据上文“I’ve become obsessed with epigenetics”可知，作者痴迷于表观遗传学是因为它令
我印象深刻。strike sb. as“给某人某种印象”。故选B。55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了其他因素外，我们的基因可以由三
个环境因素打开或关闭：我们摄入什么（食物、饮料、空气、毒素）、我们经历什么（压力、创伤）以及我们活多久。A. experience
经历；B. suffer遭受；C. support支持；D. comprehend理解。根据“(stress, trauma)”可
知，我们的基因受我们摄入什么，我们经历 什么以及我们活多久这三个因素影响。故选A。56．B 57．D 58．C【详解】
本文为应用文。文章是一则广告，介绍了耳鸣的症状和如何治疗耳鸣。7．细节理解题。根据文章右栏第一段最后一句“It is often
accompanied by dizziness, certain degree of sound sensitivity,blo
cked-ear or hearing loss. (常伴有头晕、一定程度的声音敏感、耳塞或听力损失。)”可知，耳鸣常伴有其他的症
状，即可能会导致许多健康问题。故选B项。8．细节理解题。根据右栏第二段第二句“It use high frequeny stimu
lation,through music,to re-buildand organize brain connections. (
它利用高频率的刺激，通过音乐，重建和组织大脑连接。)”可知，声音疗法的原理是通过高频率的刺激，通过音乐重建和大脑的联系。故选D项。
9．细节理解题。根据左侧最后一段“To learn exactly how our program works and get a
FREE DVD info pack, visit our website www.mysoundtheraphy.com/rd
or call 1300557796 and discuss your needswith one of our consult
ants. (要确切了解我们的计划如何运作并获得免费的DVD信息包，请访问我们的网站 www.mysoundtheraphy.co
m/rd 或致电1300557796与我们的一位顾问讨论您的需求。)”可知，打1300557796这个电话可以了解更多信息，获得免
费DVD，还可以销售顾问探讨自己的详细需求。故选C项。59．D 60．A 61．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了跑
步是一种很好的锻炼方式。然而，在某些条件下跑步会导致各种各样的伤害，文章介绍了几种避免跑步受伤的方法。59．细节理解题。根据第二段
中“According to the survey results, the most reported cases are re
lated to knee injury and muscle pull, with the former occurring a
little less frequently. About a quarter of the respondents say t
hey have had plantar fasciitis, The number of respondents sufferi
ng from Achilles tendonitis or shin splints is nearly twice that
of those with stress fracture, which is also what fewest responde
nts report.”（根据调查结果，报告病例最多的是膝关节损伤和肌肉拉伤，前者发生的频率稍低。大约四分之一的受访者说他们患有足
底筋膜炎。患有跟腱炎或胫骨夹板的受访者几乎是患有应力性骨折的受访者的两倍，这也是受访者中最少的。）可知，在跑步常见损伤中，最多的是
肌肉拉伤，最少的是应力性骨折，所以结合选项和图片中的占比数，可知D项符合该项统计调查结果。故选D项。60．细节理解题。根据第三段中
“Structural imbalance occurs when a certain muscle group is weak
and requires other muscle groups to help.”（当某个肌肉群很弱，需要其他肌肉群的帮助时，就
会出现结构失衡。）可知，使用一些肌肉比其他肌肉更强烈导致了结构不平衡。故选A项。61．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Finding
and treating the cause of a running injury is the job of a traine
d doctor.”（找到并治疗跑步受伤的原因是训练有素的医生的工作。）可知，根据这篇文章，如果你想知道为什么跑步后你的背部和膝盖
会疼，你最好找个训练有素的医生咨询下。故选B项。62．D 63．B 64．C 65．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。主
要描写报纸上的高质量的艺术评论已经不复存在。62．细节理解题。根据第二段“It is difficult to the point
of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty t
o imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found
in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the mos
t significant collections of criticism published in the 20th cent
ury consisted in large part of newspaper reviews”（对于40岁以下的普通读者来说，
很难想象在大多数大城市报纸上都能找到高质量的艺术评论。然而，20世纪出版的大量最重要的批评文集中，很大一部分是报纸评论。）可知，英
国的报纸过去有更多的艺术评论。故选D。63．细节理解题。根据第三段“So few authors have brains enou
gh or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism
”（很少有作家有足够的头脑或文学天赋来保持自己在新闻业的地位）可知，并不是所有作家都有新闻写作的能力。故选B。64．细节理解题。根
据最后一段“Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and
postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vic
wardian prose in which he specialized.”（早在他去世之前，新闻品味就发生了变化，后现代主义读
者觉得他所擅长的辞藻华丽的的Vicwardiam风格的散文几乎没有什么用处。）可推断，他的评论无法吸引后现代主义者。故选C。65．
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Of all the changes that have taken place in English-l
anguage newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the m
ost far-reaching one has been the inevitable decline in the scope
and seriousness of their arts coverage.”（过去的25年间，发生在英文报纸上的所有变化中，
影响深远的变化可能就是其艺术报道上的范畴和严肃性的不可避免的衰退。）以及最后一段“Moreover, the amateur tr
adition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.”（此外，音乐批评的业余传统也在一路退却。）可知，本文主要描写报纸上的高质量的艺术评论已经不复存在，即报纸评论现象的消失。故B项“报纸上消失的范畴”可概括主题，选项中的“Horizon”在此指代“界限；范畴”，最适合作为本文标题。故选B。66．C 67．E 68．A 69．F【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲的是家庭信仰、文化传统、特殊节日和特殊事件让我成长成为现在的我。66．根据本段首句“My parents raised me with a lot of beliefs that have had an impact on who I am today.(我的父母在养育我时，教了我很多信念。这些信念对于我成为今天的样子有很大的影响)”可知，本段主要讲的是父母教给我了许多信念。并根据段中“I was raised to believe that…”和“I believe that…”可知，本段是总分结构，首句后面的句子在列举父母交给我的几项信念，因此设空处也应是列举。故选C项。67．上文“I’m not really religious. (我并不虔诚)”讲我并不是虔诚的信徒，E项“However, I know that it is important to follow the golden rule and to treat others with dignity and respect.(然而，我知道重要的是遵循黄金法则，以尊严和尊重对待他人) ”讲但我还是明白遵循黄金法则的重要性，要尊重他人，与上文构成转折关系，下文“I believe that if you are a good person to others, you will be rewarded for it in many ways.(我相信，如果你对别人很好，你会在很多方面得到回报)”是E项语意的顺承，说明尊重他人能给自己带来好处。故选E项。68．根据后一句“We gather every summer in Haines. (我们每个夏天都在Haines相聚)”中的关键词 “gather”，“holiday”可知，前一句在讲假期家人相聚的事，与A选项(假期是家人相聚，在一起度过愉快时光的时间)主题一致。故选A项。69．根据前句“My family has a lot of good friends and we are usually a good part of the community. (我家有很多好朋友，我们通常是社区的好成员)”和下文“We like to go outdoors.(我们喜欢去户外)”可推知，段中讲的是我们与朋友间的关系。F项(我们照顾彼此，并努力尊重彼此)与上下文语意一致。故选F项。70．When tidying up the wardrobe, it occurred to him that there was a pair of faded jeans hanging on the balcony.【详解】考查现在分词、动词短语以及固定句型。表示“整理”应用短语tidy up；表示“衣橱”应用名词wardrobe；表示“某人突然想到……”应用it occurred to sb. that句型；表示“褪色的”应用形容词faded；表示“挂”应用动词hang，非谓语动词hang和逻辑主语jeans是主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语。分析句子可知，表示“在……时候”应用时间状语从句省略句形式when doing sth.，现在分词表主动。本句描述过去的动作，应用一般过去时态。故翻译为：When tidying up the wardrobe, it occurred to him that there was a pair of faded jeans hanging on the balcony.71．The newly-released film is mainly meant to appeal to/call on all the parties concerned to pay attention to the signs of depression among teenagers in time.【详解】考查固定短语和时态。表示“这部新上映的电影”短语为the newly-released film；表示“主要是为了”应用短语be mainly meant to；表示“呼吁”可用短语appeal to或call on sb. to do sth.；表示“相关各方”翻译为all the parties concerned；表示“关注青少年抑郁症的迹象”短语为to pay attention to the signs of depression among teenagers；表示“及时”短语为 in time。陈述客观事实为一般现在时。故翻译为The newly-released film is mainly meant to appeal to/call on all the parties concerned to pay attention to the signs of depression among teenagers in time.72．Drink （up） the milk in the fridge as soon as possible, for it goes bad easily.【详解】考查祈使句、介词短语和原因状语从句引导词。表示“喝掉”应用动词drink(up)；表示“快”短语为as soon as possible；表示“冰箱里的”介词短语为in the fridge，表示“它很容易坏”it goes bad easily,作为从句表示原因，用for来引导，从句应为for it goes bad easily；故翻译为Drink（up）the milk in the fridge as soon as possible, for it goes bad easily.试卷第11页，共33页试卷第11页，共33页答案第11页，共22页答案第11页，共22页