英语语法-定语从句
在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或句子的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose等)和关系副词(when, where, why)两类。
(一)关系代词引导的定语从句
1.that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。习惯上指人多用who, whom，指物多用which。
This is the novel that interests me.
这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。(指物，作主语)
The magazine (that) I bought yesterday is lost.
我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。(指物，作宾语)
2．which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
China is a country which has a long history.
中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。(作主语)
The radio (which) he bought yesterday doesn''t work.
他昨天买的收音机坏了。(作宾语)
3．who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
Here comes the girl who wants to see you.
想见你的那个女孩过来了。(作主语)
Danny is a man (who) we should learn from.
丹尼是我们应该学习的一个人。(作宾语)
4．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略(whom在介词后时不能省略)，也可用who代替。
The girl (whom) the teacher often praises is Rose.
老师经常表扬的那个女孩是罗斯。(作宾语)
There should be someone to whom you can turn for any advice or to clear up any problems.
应该有你可以征求意见或为你解决问题的人。(作宾语)
5．whose可修饰人，也可修饰物，表示“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语。
Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.
任何家境贫寒，上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。(作定语)
He lives in a room whose window faces north.
他住在一个窗户朝北的房间里。(作定语)
(1)单句语法填空
①We should never remember the benefits ________ we have offered nor forget the favor received.
②Is this the teacher ________ rescued several students from the burning building?
③I bought a new computer ________ price added up to more than 5，000 yuan.
④Nothing in the world is difficult for one ________ sets his mind to it.
答案：①that/which/不填 ②who/that ③whose ④who/that
(2)用定语从句连接两个句子(使用关系代词)
①Last week Mary wore the dress. Her father bought it for her.
______________________________________________________________
②I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music.
______________________________________________________________
③I like the book. The cover of the book is blue.
____________________________________________________________
答案：①Last week Mary wore the dress (that/which) her father bought for her.
②I have a friend who/that likes listening to classical music.
③I like the book whose cover is blue.
(二)关系代词只用that不用which的情况
1.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.
这是我吃过的最美味的食品。
2．先行词是不定代词，或被不定代词修饰。如all, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing, none等。
Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said?
李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？
All that can be done has been done.
所有能做的都做了。
I''ve read all the books that are not mine.
我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。
3．先行词被the only, the very, the last等修饰。
The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help.
她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。
I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday.
我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。
4．先行词既指人，又指物。
We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.
我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
5．主句是以who, which开头的特殊疑问句。
Which of the books that you bought is the most useful for my writing?
你买的书中哪一本对我的写作最有用？
(1)单句语法填空
①The first thing ________ he did after arriving home was doing his homework.
②This is the very book ________ I am looking for.
③The only thing ________ we have to fear is fear itself.
④She told me everything ________ she had heard of.
答案：①that ②that ③that ④that
(2)翻译
①你所需要的书都在这里。
_______________________________________________________________
②在那里说话的人是谁？
________________________________________________________________
③他谈到了他曾拜访过的老师和学校。
_____________________________________________________________
答案：①All the books that you need are here.
②Who is the man that is speaking over there?
③He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示完成句子
1．One week after the ________ (台风), everything came to life again.
答案：typhoon
2．Engineers acted quickly to repair the damaged ________ (管子)．
答案：pipes
3．I could hear him ________ (轻敲) his fingers on the desk.
答案：tapping
4．A healthy diet should ________ (供应) all necessary vitamins and minerals.
答案：supply
5．You should disconnect the ________ (电力供应) before attempting to repair electrical equipment.
答案：power
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．This is the first play ________ I have seen since I came here.
答案：that
2．He was a great and valued personal friend ________ I''ve known for many years.
答案：that/who/whom
3．Yesterday I helped an old man ________ had lost his way.
答案：who/that
4．The teacher praised the student ________ pronunciation is excellent.
答案：whose
5．The boy ________ is playing football on the playground is my brother.
答案：who/that
Ⅲ.选词填空
stay clam; in the open air; on hand; survive from; stay away from
1．Our team of experts will be ____________ to offer help and advice between 12 noon and 7 pm daily.
答案：on hand
2．We can make the best decisions when we ____________．
答案：stay calm
3．The doctor told him to ____________ such foods and drinks.
答案：stay away from
4．This tradition ____________ the Qing Dynasty.
答案：is survived from
5．To take exercise indoors is less beneficial than____________．
答案：in the open air
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．我同学上周借给我的书很有用。
The book ________________________ last week is very useful.
答案：that/which my classmate lent me
2．商店应存有最畅销的货物。
A shop should keep a stock of those goods ____________________．
答案：which/that sell best
3．我们班有很多作文写得好的学生。
In our class, we have some students ______________ are well written.
答案：whose compositions
4．凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说“不可能”的。
The man __________________________ to win will never say “impossible”．
答案：who/that has made up his mind
5．努力工作是你成功的唯一办法。
Hard work is the only way ________________ your success.
答案：that leads to
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