；的未会的词均
- -
1. ；2 .
3. 号 号
不可数名词
The d, we ca he cabe .
Someties, hen he iem e are alking about can’ be counted one by one, hen i i an uncountable noun.
For exame, wae, ai, ad igh. Hee, we ca’ e a/a befe i, a, he f f he edicae eb hd be iga.
For exame, Water i iquid. We can’ ay hat ater i a iquid . Clea?
集合名词
The d, we ca he, cecie .
Someties, hen he iem e are alking about i a group of people hings, and hey are of he ame kind, hen e i e
colective . For exame: if e ay ‘famiy’, i ay contain ‘y her and y father and her. So here, ‘famiy’ i a
colective noun.
And we hd a aei, i hi e, we hd ee ‘fai’ a a iga , i edicae eb hd be i h e
singlar fo. Fr eale, faily lives in Califoia. B whe ha we e faiie? Ye, whe we ak ab fai
membe, fo exame, ‘I have hree famiies in y famiy’. Here, I ean here are hree ember in y fami, ight?
合成
Toda e i ea e a f d fai. I i caed cd . Seie, he ae ade f d,
ch as ller caste r, ffice, ad . Ad e ae ade f e d, ch a, eah, backbad, ighfa, faa
and o on. And he as fation i joined by a hyphen. Can you give e exames? Yeah, paser -by, an -made, be -
eyed... You are o knowedgeab le.
词的 转化
Toda e i ea e a f d fai. I i caed ‘cei’. I i he ce f hifig a d i a diffee
d ca wih addig a affi. Sch a
1. ase (.) - taste (n.)
It tastes gd.
It has gd taste.
2.hand(n.) - hand ( v.)
Le g had i had.
Please hand in exercie books afer clas.
Undead? Grea.
t n rst
s t s your
n n n o t''s
oo
oo
v t t
s u x n n out t ss l wor
nt r nto wor n t s o ss pro t s t on rs onv ll s t on t orm wor o y w on rn l ll w w y
l s
lu m s pl som us s orm t l t s
sy nt ll t n r o l y s su wor on rom m r som n on so n o post o ro su
s wor two rom m r y t s m t om nouns ompoun ll s t on t orm wor o y w on rn l ll w w y
r ly m s m t t m l m l t pl r rs
ly m out l t n s s” l m “ us ll s n ut rn m my mp x o rm u
t n oul s r v t pr ts so noun r ul n s s ly m s oul s sson l s t n on nt tt y p oul s
l
s l s ot m mot m m t l s w pl nouns l
us ll w w t s t t t or s t w t t w m
nouns v t oll m t ll s wor os
r l s w t s t l s pl
r ul n s oul s r v t pr t o orm t lso t or n us t n r t l n r r t pl
s t t t t w t t w m
nouns l ount un m t ll s wor os
可能考查内容 初高中 的为 标注 内容， 额外考察 高中 为 标注
总结高频内容，不是总结全部内容 语法研究参考 均为通俗讲法，为的是让学生理解，不作为专业 注：
中学高频语法点讲解参考 英语学科 教师资格证面试cccc
介词 in on at 的用法
The d, we ca he, eii.
We e he dec ibe time. Whe the time e at describe is a certain th, e shld se ‘in’, like ‘in Jaa’.
And whe he fwig ie i a ceai dae, we hd e ‘’, ch a ‘ Mda’, ad if i i a ecific ie, ike 1
o’clock, e hould e ‘at’ .
名词性物主代词
The d, we ca he, ia eie .
We e he h ha ehig beg .
Usa, he ae ea adjecia eie a .
For exame, hi bag i ine, e can alo ay, hi bag i y ba g. ‘Mine’ i equal o ‘y bag’.
an 表示能力
Thi i a ew da eb we ae gig ea da.
/ Hee i a ew age f he da eb ‘ca’. In this setece, e se it sh that e ssess a kind of abii. I i equal
‘be able ’. Fr eale, ‘He ca eak Eglish’, hich eas, he ks h eak Eglish, e ca a sa, ‘He is
able o peak Englih’. Ok? And hen e e i, e hould pay atention o he edicate, e hould e i iginal fo.
Hee, ‘speak’. Ok?
an 表示许可
Thi i a new odal verb e are going o earn oday.
/ Hee i a ew age f he da eb ‘ca’.
In this setece, e se it ask for eissio. Fr eale, he r fried is asking ‘Ca led r dictioa
me?’. That meas, she wats to b dictionar, and he i asking f periion.
And hw awe he ei? Coec. ‘Ye, ca, ‘so, ca’t.
So, e can ee, ual, e e i in quesi, ight?
委婉请求
ould
Thi i a ew da eb we ae gig ea day.
/ Hee i a ew age f he da eb ‘cd’.
In this setece, e se it ask for eissio. Fr eale, he r fried is asking ‘Cld lease led r
dictionary?’, hat eans, he ant o bor dictionar, and he i a sking for r eissio? Ad cared ith
‘ca’, ‘cld’ is re lite.
an’t 表示推测
Thi i a ew odal verb e are going o earn oday. / Hee i a ew age f he da eb ‘ca’’.
In this setece, e se it sh egative eclatio. Na, it is sed in egative seteces. Fr eale, ‘it ca’t be
eacher, he i viiing Ae rica, I sa her sted her icres a hr ag’. Here, the eaker thinks the e the just
y rson p sp o ou n tu p po w m t s s s t our
n mp x o n n n u lly orm n u sp n ow to u w n n
t n r v l mo t o us n s r t l t w m n s s
po mo ou n
w omp n n rm p you s s y your row t s w s m t
you n p you ou you n you n w mp x o n rm p to u w n n
oul r v l mo t o us n s r
to rn l to n o r r v l mo n s s
r ons t t us w ly us s w
n you rry or n you s t rr on st qu t r ns to o
ss m your or s s y your orrow n n to
ry n you n you n you n you n w mp x o n rm p to u w n n
n r v l mo t o us n s r
t l t w m s s
r
rm or ts us s w pr t t t s w t us w w s s t
y lso n w n sp to ow now n m w n sp n mp x o to to
s t ty l po w ow to u w n n n r v l mo t o us n s r
y to rn l to n o r r v l mo n s s
m t s m s s t s s w m s s t pl
noun plus pronouns v ss poss l v t to l qu r y t lly u
us to s lon n t som t t ow s to m t us
pronouns v ss poss l n nom m t ll s wor os
us s w
l m t sp s t n y on on s su on us oul s t n rt s m t n ollo t n
ry nu u ou w mon to n w w n r s to m t us
ons t pos pr m t ll s wor os与sm与与m
sa a’t their teache. So, he es ‘can’’, ight?
ay 表示许可
Thi i a ew da eb we ae gig ea da. / Hee i a ew age f da eb ‘a’ .
In this setece, e se it ask for eissio. Fr eale, imagine are at a restarat, ad the aiter sas ‘Ma I ake
der?’, hat eans, he i going o help you o der food. Siiar, hen e are hopping, he aff ays ‘May I help
you?’, hat eans he ant o help you o choose hings. And e can anser, ‘yes, ease’. Cear?
ay 表示推测（一般以 might 为考点）
Thi i a ew odal verb e are going o earn oday. /Here i a new age of he odal verb ‘ight’.
In this setece, e se it sh eclatio. Ad cared ith ‘ma’, ‘might’ is re cseative. Fr eale, ‘He
migh be i hi ffice ’. Ad i i ea ‘He is bab in his ffice , bt I’m t re.’ Here, e shld k, it is
ie pasie. Ok?
must have to 的区别
We hd e he diffeece beee ‘’ ad ‘hae ’.
Whe e a ‘e d ehig’ ha ea, e ae iig d ehig, e a d i, i i a kid f bjecie
stateet. Hee, he e sa, ‘we hae d ething’. That eas e are asked d ething, ad e ca’t refuse
it, we hae no choice.
For exame, ‘I st king’. That eas ‘I at king, that’s gd for bd’. Ad the, ‘I hae sta
up onight, I i fai he exam.’ What does hat ean? Yes, I don’ ant o ay up, but I have no choice, I don’ a o
se in the ea, right?
must should 的区别
We hd e he diffeece beee ‘’ ad ‘hd’.
We e ‘’ ake a cad, b e e ‘hd’ gie e ggei.
For exame, ‘You hury up, you i be ate f chool’. ‘ Yo hould get up ear, o hat you have enty of ie o
have breakfas’.
Hee, we hd a aei, i he fi eece, whe we wa chage i i i egaie eece, we hd chage
‘mst’ in ‘need’t’ r ‘d’t hae ’. Nt ‘m’t’, k?
must may 表示推测时的区别
We hd e he diffeece beee ‘’ ad ‘a’. Boh can be ed o ake peculation.
Howee, whe we e ‘’, ha ea we ae e e ab hig we a. On he ca, if we’e e ab
one hing, e can e ay ight” iead.
For exame, ‘Ceci’ es be very ef’. ‘Oy few udent ay i hem’.
t ss m m s st nl ul us must sons l s pl
nst m or “m us w t
out sur so not r ry ontr t y s s n t out sur tty pr r ns m t t must us n r v
s m t us t y m n must n tw n r t ll t oul s
o ustn o to v on o n to u
n oul s n nt s v t n ts nto t n to nt n n nt s rst t n on nt tt y p oul s r
t
t m t pl t s ly u s or l ll w or r must pl
ons st su som v to oul s us w ut n omm m to must us
oul s n must n tw n r t ll t oul s
m x lo
t nt w t st t w t m t t l ll w or t
y to v n n y o my oo smo stop to n w n m smo stop mu pl
v
n w n som o to w n m som o to v y w n w r v ow n m
v t su o n s t t o to nt w w n t som o to n ll w r w ns m t t n t som o must w y s w n
to v n must n tw n r t ll t oul s
m t mpl s not
now ou w su no u now o ly pro to l qu s t n now o s n t
mp x o rv on mo y w omp n n u sp ow to u w n n
m m t us s t l t w m n s s
l pl w w t t t s w m t
s st t s w w ly l m or t t s m t or your
t y y w n n u you mp x o n rm p to u w n n
y m r v l mo o us n s r y to rn l to n o r r v l mo n s s
r t us r sn w w和nt
eed 一般考查实意动词的用法
Hee i a ew age f da eb ‘eed’. We e i ee ee, ad hee, i’ a ia eb.
The ce i:
1. Need o do ething, f exame, ‘I need o eat ething, I’ arving’.
2. Need ething, f exame, ‘I’m staing, I eed fod’.
3. Need doing ething, i has a pasive eaning, f exame, ‘hi bicycle needs epaiing’ , i’ equal o ‘ hi bicycle
needs o be epaied’.
的第一人称
should shall
Hee i a ew age f da eb ‘hd’. We e i ffe r r ggestio r adice.
And we hd a aei, whe he bjec i he fi e, we ca a e ‘ha’ iead f ‘hd’.
For exame, ‘We hal have a eeting o dicus he ater’. Ok? And in a quesion ag, e hould e ‘hal’, f exame,
‘Let’s g t, shall e’? Here, a attetio, if e sa ‘Let s g t’, the e shld sa ‘will ’. Clear?
的区别
used to do be used to doing
Thi i a ew ecia da eb we ae gig ea da. We e i ak ab aci e a did i he a.
Hee, we hd diigih i f ‘b ed e o doing ’. We e hi decibe habi.
For exame, ‘I ed o alk o chool hen I as in juni high chool’. That eans, hen I as in j uni high, I alays
waked ch. And if I a: ‘I’ ed wakig ch’, ha ea wakig ch i e f habi. And hee,
‘to’ is a resitio.
形容词 /副词的比较级
Thi i he ew gaa we ae gig ea da; we ca i caaie f.
We e i he e a cae hig.
We hd a aei he eig. Na, e add ‘e’ afe he d. Bu we hd ie ahe ‘g’, whe he
adjective/adverb ends ih a esed cled able. Al, we hd chage ‘’ i ‘i’, whe he ee befe ‘’ i a
consonant.
形容词 /副词的最高级
Thi i he ew gaa we ae gig ea da; we ca i t suerlative fo.
We e i he e a cae a g f hig. Whe e e i, e hd a aei he eig. Na, e
add ‘es’ afer he d.
Bu we hd ie ahe ‘g’, whe he adjecie/adeb ed wih a eed ce d able. Ao, e hould change ‘y’
in ‘i’, whe the letter before ‘y’ is a cat.
宾语从句
Thi i he ew gaa we ae gig ea da, we ca i ‘bjec cae’.
us l t o t ll y to rn l to n o r r mm r n t s s
宾语从句 引导的 hat
n onson n to
s w ls syll los ss str t s n r v v t t n r not t wr oul s t
wor t t t
w lly orm n ll sp t to on nt tt y p oul s w t us w n s n t o roup r omp to nt w w n w t us
rm p ll y to rn l to n o r r mm r n t s s
s y or r tt l t n nto y n oul s so syll os s str t w
t n r not t wr oul s t wor t r t r w lly orm n ll sp t to on nt tt y p oul s
s n t two r omp to nt w w n w t us
orm v t r omp t ll y to rn l to n o r r mm r n t s s
n po p
r ts my o on s ool s to n l ns m t t ool s to n l to us m y s ool s to l
w or w w m s or w w s t w t us pl
ts our r s to s t us t us rom t s u n st oul s r
st p t n lly usu w on t out l t to t us y to rn l to n o r r v l mo l sp n s s
you y ou w n ou o u y w n n y p w ou o
pl or l s us s w t t t m t s s t m l s pl
oul s o nst ll s us lso n rson p rst t s t su t n on nt tt y p oul s
v o n su ou o to t us oul s r v l mo o us n s r
r r t
s t t s t r r s t pl or m s t som
o n rv pl or som
st m som t pl or som t
s tur stru
r v l on not s t r n st qu r our ss xpr to t us n r v l mo o us n s r）W/用-用（
Someties, hen he object i comicated, i i a entence, and e i e an obje ct clause.
For exame, ‘I he that all f ill ass the ea.’. We ca divide it in arts. ‘I he ething’ ad ‘all f
wi a he ea’. And we ca ee, we e ‘ha’ ji he gehe. Bu i’ ka if ee ha.
Whe ing this, e shld a re attetio the tese. We shld think abt the ain clase ad brdinate clase
and choose he ight ense according o he pecific condiion.
Thi i he ew gaa we ae gig ea da, we ca i ‘bjec cae’.
Someties, hen he object i comicated, i i a entence, e i e an object clause.
For exame, ‘I don’ care hether you can finih hi ask’. We can di vide i io o par. ‘Can you finih hi ask?’ and ‘I
don’ care.’. And e can ee, e e ‘hether’ o join hem ogether, and change he fi entence io a atement. And al o,
here, ‘hether’ e can e ‘if’.
Whe ig hi, e hd a e atention o he ense. We hould hink about he ain clause and ubordinate clause
and choose he ight ense.
Thi i he ew gaa we ae gig ea da, we ca i ‘bjec cae’.
Someties, hen he object i comicated, i i a entence, e i e an object clause.
For exame, ‘Can you el e hat e can do f you?’. We can divide i io o par. ‘Can you el e’ and ‘hat can e
do f you?.’ A e can ee, e change he econd entence io a atement.
Whe ig hi, e h ld a re attetio the tese. We shld think abt the ain clase ad brdinate clase
and choose he ight ense.
定语从句
Thi i he ew gaa we ae gig ea da; we ca i aibie cae.
Sometie s, he setece A i mied ih ahe e B, ad eece A i ed decibe a ceai eeme f eece
B, we ca i a aibie cae.
And f he eaie d, we hd che accdig he aecede (he d befe).
For exame, ‘Pele h ed ce are far re like e again.’ We ca see the atecedet is ha, e se
‘wh’ as a cjuctio/relative .
We hd a a aei, if he aecede i he bjec f he bdiae eece, he he e ative onoun hat” can
be ied.
Like, do you emember he book hat I ent you as eek? We can alo ay, do you emember he book I ent you as eek?
非限制性 定语从句
Evee, hi i he ew ked ge e i earn oday. We cal i a -restrictive clase. As e k, A restrictive clase
is essetial for eaing. While a -restrictive clase gives etra infoatio abt the e r thing. So, it is t essetial
the eaing f a setece, a nd i i eparated f he ain clause by comas. Pay atention o i, e don'' e hat” in
-restrictive clases. We se hich if the refers a thing, ad h if it refers a e. Fr exame: My
grandmher, ho i 99, goes i ing ee da.
ho i 99” i a -restrictive clase. It adds etra infoatio the setece. If e take the clase t f the setece, the
setece still has the sae eaing.
介词 +which 构成的 定语从句
T oday e i earn a new age of he atibutive clause. When he elative onoun i the bject f the resitio, e se
u w n po p o o s pr r t tr t us l ll w w
n m m n n
n n o ou u w n n to n rm x u non s s “w
y ry v mm sw s w ot
“ pl o rson p to o” “w n to pronoun ” “w u u non
“t us t w t t t m m t rom s s t n n o n m to
n no o rson p ou n rm x u non n m n
u now w u non t l t l ll w w nowl n t s s t ryon
w t l l t r s s w t l l t t r
tt om
“t pr l r t n t n nt s t n or su t o t o t s nt nt t on nt tt y p lso oul s
pronoun n n on o
u w so n um n n n lov to ly mo on lov truly o w op pl
or wor t nt nt t to n or oos oul s wor v t l r t or
us l v ut ttr n t ll
n nt s o nt l n rt r s to us s n nt s n on r not t w x s n n n w m
us l v ut ttr t ll y to rn l to n o r r mm r n t s s
t r t
u o su n u m ou ou n to n n mo y p ou s w s t n us n
st nt s s t w s w s or
w w m l t ts tw nt t or w w m l t pl
us ll w w s s t pl s t w m
us l t o t ll y to rn l to n o r r mm r n t s s
宾语从句 引导的 wh
t r t
s m t t s t t t t mor y p oul s w s t n us n
us w w
s st nt s rst t t t t w us w s w t
t s t s ts tw nt t t s t s w t pl
us ll w w s s t pl s t w m
us l t o t ll y to rn l to n o r r mm r n t s s
if 不能 whether 只能 情况 哪些 请自学 宾语从句 引导的 if hether
t s t t t r t
u o su n u m ou ou n to n n mo y p ou w us n
t” “t mov r you y o s t t r t to m t n o to t t us s n m x t ss p ll
you o n som op p two to n m x p w you o op pl
us ll w w s s t pl s t w ma eposiion o begin an atibutive clause, hat i, eposiion +hich/hom. In hi case, he elative onoun, hich
wh ca be eaced wih "ha" "wh". Beide, he eaie ca be ef t.
E.g.1 Thi i he gd ca which I e a e.
E.g.2 The a wih wh aked j w i a fa scietist.
(Ad a attetio it, the ca be chaged in relative adverbs. “When ” can be changed in in / during hich”; here”
can be changed io“ at/in hich”, hie hy” can be changed io “f which. )
状语从句
Whe/hie adverbial clause of ie
Whee adverbial clause of ace
If/Ule adverbial clause of condiion
So…hat adverbial clause of concesi
Alhgh adverbial clause of es
Thi i he ew gaa we ae gig ea da; we ca i he adebia cae f ie.
Hee, we ca ee, he ie f hi ee ca’ be iaed wih eea d, i i a eece. And he, we ca ji n he
time ad the eet gether sing ‘while/whe’. Ad he e d this, e shld a attetio the tese. Fr eale, ‘I’m
y brave hen I have o be, being brave doesn’ ean you go ooking f ouble’. These o acti happened at he ame
time, so the tese shld be the sae.
Thi i he ew gaa we ae gig ea da ; we ca i he adebia cae f ace.
Hee, we ca ee, he ace f hi ee ca’ be iaed wih eea d, i i a eece, ad he, we ca j in
the place ad the eet together with ‘where’.
And whe we d hi, we hd a aei he ee. F eae, ‘Y shld t the bk here fod it’.
The aci f he bdiae cae haeed i he a, we hd e ie a ee.
Thi i he ew gaa we ae gig ea da; we ca i he adebia cae f ccei.
We e i sh a egative r sitive attitude ard the fact in the brdinate clase. We ca join the facts gether
wih ‘ahgh’.
And whe we d hi, we hd a aei he ee.
For exame, ‘Ahough he as exhaused, he kept on king.’ Clea? Al, we ca ee. Thee i ‘b’ bewee he
seteces, k?
Thi i he ew gaa we ae gig ea da; we ca it the aderbial clase of cditio.
Someties, if one hing i happen under a cerain condiion, and e can’ describe hi condiion ih y one o
d, we wi e hi gaa.
In this setece ‘we’ll g iming, if it is fine ’ , ‘fine eathe’ is the cditio f ging iming. Bt ‘it is fine
’ is a setece, so, we use ‘if’ to join the togethe.
Whe e e hi, e hd a aei he ee. Ua, e e he fe ee i he ai cae ad e ee t
tese in the subrdinate clase.
Undead? Le’ d e eecie.
Thi i he ew gaa we ae gig ea da; we ca i he adebia cae f e.
In this setece ‘He is kind that eee likes him’. Here eee likes him becase he i kind, o everyone ike hi i
a es of hi kindnes. And e can e ‘o hat’ o join hem ogether.
Whe e e hi, e hd a aei he ee. We ca ee, bh he ai ad bdiae cae ae i he ie
mpl s t n r s us l t n or su n n m t ot s n ns t t to on nt tt y p oul s w s t us w n
t t t t s us w s s ult r
s m l s s u ryon v ryon v so n n
sult r o us l l r v t t ll y to rn l to n o r r mm r n t s s
从句 状语 结果
s r x som o s t n rst
u o n
n s pr us n us l n m t n ns t utur t us w lly su ns t t to on nt tt y p oul s w s t us w n
r m n n tomorrow
u m sw o o n on r w tomorrow m sw o n n
r mm r s t us ll s wor
tw or onl t w t s t t w t t ll w t m
n on u v ll y to rn l to n o r r mm r n t s s
条件状语从句
o n n
two t n t ut no s r s n so r wor t w lt pl
ns t t to on nt tt y p oul s s t o n
ou lt t
to two n u o su tow po o n ow to t us
on ss on o us l l r v t t ll y to rn l to n o r r mm r n t s s
让步状语从句
ns t st p mpl s us oul s so st p t n n pp us l t n or su t o on t
un you w oo pu ou ou mpl x or ns t t to on nt tt y p oul s s t o n
n v n
o n n t n n nt s s t s wor l r v s only t t llustr t n nt v s t o pl t s n r
pl o us l l r v t t ll y to rn l to n o r r mm r n t s s
地点状语从句
m ou n
s t ons tw tr or l m t t w onl
mp x o n to n n y p ou w o w n w n n u to n v n
t o n n t n nt s s t s wor l r v s only t t llustr t n nt v s t o m t t s n r
m t o us l l r v t t ll y to rn l to n o r r mm r n t s s
状语从句 时间
ult r ou t
on s t
t ss n
pl r
m t l w n
” or nt “w l w w nt
“w w “ to to n n y to n n y p n
n mous s no ust l t you om t n wom
y mon my ll nt sp on r oo t s s
ou t l nnot pronoun v t l r t s s o or t t t pl r nnot om
or w pr r t s t w w t pr s t tr t t pr，
esent ense.
Unde rstad? Let’s d e eercise.
一般现在时
Thi i he ew gaa we ae gig ea da; we ca i ie ee ee.
We e i describe acti ates hat are curenty happening are alays ue.
Whe e e i, e hd a atention o he verb, if he ubject i in he hid peron, and i i ingular, e hould e i
third-peron ingular f.
For exame, ‘Lily has a Eglish le ee da’.
现在进行时
Thi i he ew gaa we ae gig ea da; we ca i ee geie ee.
We e i ak ab things that are happening at he ent of pea king around he ie of peaking.
Whe e e i, e hd a aei he eb, i hd be he ee aicie. Tha i ay, e hould ‘ing’ behind
it.
For exame, ‘It’ 7 o’clock, e are having a eson’. Here, ‘having’, ight?
现在完成时
Thi i he ew gaa we ae gig ea da; we ca i ee efec ee.
We e i ak ab a fiihed ee. F eae, e ae eaig he ee efec ee, hich i e diffic ha n
the s imle preset tese, ad we leat it before, so we ca sa, ‘We hae leaed the simle preset tese.’
Whe e e i, e hd a aei he ce it is ‘has/hae de’. That is sa, the redicate shld be a ast
paricie.
一般过去时
Thi i he new gramar e are going o earn da; we ca i ie a ee.
We e i ak ab hig ha haeed i he a, abe a ea, a eek, eeda j . F eae,
we ae haig Engih ca, a ca, e, ah ca. So, we ca a, we had ah ca j .
As f he eb, we hd e i eei. The eei f ‘hae’ i ‘had’, it is iregla, ad we shld lea it b heat.
过去进行时
Thi i he ew gaa we ae gig ea da; we ca i a geie ee.
We e i ak ab hig haeig i he ceai a ee, abe a 2 ’cck eeda. F eae, i’ 7
o’clock, and e are having an Engli h eson, but e did he ame hing yeserday. So, we ca a, ‘we wee haig a Engih
le at 7 o’cck yesterda.’
Whe e e i, e hd e he diffeece beee he ee ci ee ad a ci ee, he ae diffe ent
in linking verbs. We hould e he pas ense of inking verbs ike ‘as and ere’ in he pas conti ense.
t nuous t t w w l l t t t us s
r r y t ns t nuous ont st p n ns t nuous ont nt s pr t n tw n r t ll t oul s w t us w n
y lo sson
s l n n v r y s n t t s t w s l s w
s t now mpl x or y r st y lo o t y m ns t st p n rt t n n n pp s n t out l t to t us
ns t v ss r pro st p t ll y to rn l to n o r r mm r n t s s
r y rn ou n r u r s v o t r t pr t r t pr ts us oul s r v t or
now ust ss l t m y s n ss l t m s y ss~ l st l ss l s l n v r
now mpl x or now ust or y r st y w st l r y st l y m st p t n n pp t t s n t out l t to t us
ns t st p mpl s t ll y to l t w m t s s
pl t
p ou p y to on v tur stru t to on nt tt y p oul s w t us w n
n n p rn v y n rn n n n p
t ult mor s w ns t t pr nt s pr t n rn l r w mpl x or nt v s n out l t to t us
ns t t r p nt s pr t ll y to rn l to n o r r mm r n t s s
r s l w s pl
s w s to s t pl rt p nt s pr t oul s t r v t to on nt tt y p oul s w t us w n
s m t t or s mom t out l t to t us
ns t v ss r pro nt s pr t ll y to rn l to n o r r mm r n t s s
y ry v sson n n pl
orm s s
ts us s w s s t s r t t s s t t t t y p oul s w t us w n
tr w or l r t st or ons to t us
ns t nt s pr mpl s t ll y to rn l to n o r r mm r n t s s
x som o n
t pr时
过去完成
Thi i he ew gaa we ae gig ea da; we ca i a efec ee.
We e i ak ab hig fiihig befe a aie. For exame, i’ 7 o’clock, e are having an Englih eson,
but you handed in Englih homewk an hour ago. Then hen did you finih i? Yeserday? One hour befe handing i
in? So, you can ay ‘I had finihed y homewk befe I handed i in.’
When e e i, e hould el he difference beteen he esent perfect ense and pas perfect ense, hey are different in
helping verbs. We hould e ‘had done’ iead of ‘have done’.
一般将来时
Thi i he ew gaa we ae gig ea da; we ca i i e fe ense.
We e i ak ab hig haeig i he fe. F eae, i’ 7 ’cck, e ae haig a Egih e, b t
the net class is math. So, we ca a ‘we wi hae ah ca ae.’.
Whe e e i, e hd a aei o he edicate verb, here ‘have’, e hould e he iginal f, ight?
过去将来时
Thi i he ew gaa we ae gig ea da; we ca i he fe i he a.
We e i ak ab he fe, b hi fe i baic he a ee. F eae, we fiihed ca a 9 ’cck
yeserday, hat did you do afer hat? If you ant o alk about i, you can e hi gramar. Like “I as going o eat
ething.. Here, althgh e se ‘ging ’, still, it is ast tese, becase e se as.
被动语态
Thi i he ew gramar e are going o earn da; we ca i aie ice.
We e i he e d’ k h ie he aci, he ac i ia, e i e he ffee a he bjec.
For exame, ‘I as born in Heiongjiang’. Here, ho ied he action “bear”, y her, I don’ have o ay i, i’ obvi.
Ca dead? Ye.
Whe e e i, e hd a aei he ce, i i ‘be de’. Cea? Y ae cee.
祈使句
Thi i he ew gaa we ae gig ea da; we ca i an iperative entence.
We e i he e a gie a de, a initatio, a uggesion o ebody fbid ebody f doing ething.
And we ca ee, i hi eece, we i he bjec, b we hd k, he bjec i ‘’, k?
And here, he edicate, e hould e i iginal f. For exame, ‘cle he door, ease?’, Cear?
感叹句
Thi i he ew gaa we ae gig ea da; we ca i a ecaa eece.
We e i ee g feeig ike ie, eciee , desperation, cared and o on. When e e i, e hould pay
atention o he ucte. For exame, “What an ieresing eson!” and “H ieresing he eson i!”. Here you hould
pay atention o he equence.
s t t t
s s s l t t nt ow s l t nt pl ur str t t t
s w t us w s s nt m t x s surpr l s n l stron ss xpr to t us
n nt s tory m l x n t ll y to rn l to n o r r mm r n t s s
l pl t os pl orm or ts us s w pr t
o you s t su t now oul s ut t su t t om n nt s s t n s n
som rom som or or som t t s or n v n r or n v to nt w w n w t us
s m t ll y to rn l to n o r r mm r n t s s
r v l so r ou r l on s t tur stru t to on nt tt y p oul s w t us w n
s n rst un you n
ous s t t s t t mot m t mpos w l w pl
t su t s r r su t us ll w w nt mport not s tor t or on t t s mpos o w now t on w n w t us
vo v ss p t ll y to l t w m n t s s
w u w u n p to o u w ou ” som
t w m s t us t t t w t t w t
lo o t ss l s n mpl x or ns t st p t on s s utur s t ut utur t out l t to t us
st p t n utur t t ll y to rn l to n o r r mm r n t s s
r orm or t us s w pr t t on nt tt y p oul s w t us w n
r t l ss l t m v ll y s n x
u sson l s l n n n v r w lo o s t now mpl x or utur t n n n pp s n t out l t to t us
t utur mpl s t ll y to rn l to n o r r mm r n t s s
nst us s
t t t t pr t w t l t s w t us w
t or or m s s
t or t t s w or s your
s l s w s t now pl m st p or n s n s n t out l t to t us
ns t t r p st p t ll y to rn l to n o r r mm r n t s s的的
虚拟语气
Thi i he ew gaa we ae gig ea da; we ca i bjcie d.
We e i ee ihe, ake a edici, ad ak ab hig ha abe hae i n he fe hings hat go
contary o one’ ihes. And hen e e i, e hould pay atention o he ense, f exame, ‘If I ere you, I d ook
up he hole knowedge about ubjunctive ood ogether.’. Here, he ain clause i he fe in h e pas, and he ubordinate
clause i ie pas ense. Ok?
间接引语
Aca, hi i ew kedge da, we ca i idiec eech. We e i eea he d. And whe a eece
is chaged in indirect eech, e a a attetio its for ites: The Pe, Lcatio, Time, and Tense. We hould
keep hem in agreement. Nal, e e eporing verbs ike“say”,el”,“ask”, and e ay e he d“thato ioduce
the rerted wrds. Ad qtatio mak ( "")are t sed.
Take hi eece f eae: --I g the beach ee Sarda.
--He aid he we he beach ee Sada. ( ) If e
reeat this setece, first e shld chage the bject he, right?
And a f he ee, ee egh he ee f he eece i ie ee ee, i hae i he a, we hd chage
it in simle ast tese in the indirect eech. Sch as he said Ad g the beach is chaged inet the beach
( )
So, can you underand e? Yeah, e o clever, et do e exercies.
一般将来时 被动 语态
Evee, hi is the e kledge e ill lea da. We call it fure assive ice, hich is ‘will be de’. We se it
expres hat he ubject i be acted upon by ebody ething in he fe. I includes o par, hat i ie f e
tese ad pa sive ice.
For exame, A eeting i be held in he office at 8:00 a.. . So here, e hould e i be held.( Because he
bject eeting det erfo the actio f the erb hld. The actio as de it. It as the recipiet f the a ction.
So, we hd e aie ice. And w i a ked f fe ee. S gehe, we hd e fe aie ice.)
现在完成时 被动语态
Evee, hi i he ew kedge we wi ea da. We ca i he ee efec aie ice, whic h i ‘have/has been
done’. We e i o expres he ubject has been acted upon by ebody ething in he pas. I includes o par, hat
is reset erfect tese ad assive ice. Ad for the egative fo, e ca add behind hae r has”. For exame,
an intelliget robt has bee deeed b a scietist.
现在 完成进行时 被动语态
Aca, hi i ew kedge: ee geie aie ice. which i ‘be beig de’. We e i whe ee
ething is ffering fro ething. It ctains arts, esent ogresive tese, and pasive voice.
For exame, if ca i beig e, I hd ca he ice ai. And a aei bjec -edicate agreement.
pr t su to on nt tt y p on t st pol t ll oul s n stol n s r my pl
s n s pr pr p two on som m su som
or on som n t us on n s vo v ss p v ss r pro nt s pr nowl n our s s t lly tu
n y lop v n o n
pl “ o ” v “ “not” n w rm n n vo p n n p n p
t ts tw t t t som or som s t s t t us
s vo v ss p t r p nt s pr t t ll y to rn l ll nowl n t s s t ryon
vo v ss p utur us oul s r t to o ns t utur o ywor s tomorro vo v ss p us oul s
o n w to on w n ” o “ v o n rm p sn'' o ” “m su
t ll w us s w tomorrow m t ll w m pl
vo s n n
ur ut mpl s s t ts tw t utur t som or som ll w s t t s
to u on w vo p tu y to rn w w now w n s t ryon
s som ''s l s you''r m st
板书圈出
” to n to“w n ” to o “ n ” “ u sp n p p to
n oul s so st p t n ns pp t ns t nt s pr mpl s s n nt s t o ns t t nou n v ns t t or s
to su n ou w n n p
w 指着黑板 y tur ry v t to nt s
y tu ry v to o mpl x or n nt s s t
u no s r n uo n o po
ntr ”t wor t us m w l “t l t r us w ly orm t
s n o rson m u to n n y p lly usu w sp to n
n nt s n s wor rs'' ot t p r to t us sp t r n t ll y to nowl n our s s t lly tu
t t mpl s s
s t t t utur t s m t t m s l w t
l woul w pl or t t t t s w t us w w s w s t r
t t or utur t n pp y m t t s n t out l t n on t pr m s s w our ss xpr to t us
moo v t un su t ll y to rn l to n o r r mm r n t s s行”???–?????
主谓一致
clas, fami, ar, eam, crd, crew, audience, public, ice, goverent, gr
Hi fai i a gea e.
Hi fai ae ic e.
the+adj, the+
half//enough/par/heres/helas// enty / 分数、百分数 + of+ 名词 作主语 : 保持一致。 5. 单复数同
:shee, fish,dee, meas,
:neithe...n, eithe...o, nt o...bt a, there be...
Thi i wha we wi ea da, we ca i ‘bjec -verb agreeme ’, hich eans e hould keep he ubject and edicate
in agreeet. If the bject is a singlar fo, the the redicate shld be sed in a singlar fo, . Otheise, if the
bject is a ral fo, the e shld se, eah, a ral fo as e l. Pa attetio e rds, the ca t refer
singlar fos bt a pral fos.
For exame, the faily is e big. Ad the faily are ea risers.
In the first setece, it eas the hle faily, right? We shld se the singlar erb, is. Ad the secd setece refers
different ember, hey al ike o get up ear, o e hould e he al f of ‘be’, hich i ‘are’. Right? So do you
know her ds hat have hi pecial age? Yeah, clas, eam, ice, group, crd, audi ence and o on. W, you are o
knowedgeable.
动名词
Toda e i ea a e age f -ing fo. Ad e a call the Geds. It is e fo f the - edicate verbs.
(Past articiple ad infinitive are the ther fos f it.) Setimes e se it a the subject.
For exame, helping people in need i iant. What i he ubject of hi entence? Yes, “helping people”, i i a verb?
No, i’ a , we ing behind the verb “he.The it ca be the subject of this setece.
Toda e i ea a e age f -ing fo. Ad e a call the Geds. It is e fo f the - edicate verbs.
(Past article ad infinitive are ther fos f it.) Setimes e se it as bject.
For exame, e don'' al oking in he hal. So, in this setece, has the bject? Yeah, thas king, hich eas
we e -ing fo as an object, ight? There are e comon ds hat are fed by -ing fo as its bject, ch as,
yeah, consider, ugges, ook f wad , avoid and o on, hen e e, e ualy ay consider doing, yeah, ugges doing...
(Ad a attetio it, e verbs can be fed by a gerund by an infiniive. And he eaning of he o ay be
idetical for soe verbs, bt differet fo her.)
Toda e i ea a e age f -ing fo. It is e fo f a -edicate verb. (Pas paricie and infiniive are he
her o f of i.) Someties e e i as an atibute, hich eans i can be an adjective. (And eties i indic ates
ogres active action.)
For exame, did you ead hat amazing book? Here, amazing i an adjective, hat eans awese, incredible, ight?
Aca hee ae e ged which ac a adjecie, ch a eah, eciig, ig, ig, big and o on. When
we e he, we hd a aei hee ged which fe dif a hig iead f a e.
rson p o nst n t y mo n t o s run s t to on nt tt y p oul s m t us
s n or n puzzl n mov n t x y s su s v t s t s run som r r t lly tu
r or om m t s t r pl
or s pr
t m som t m w tr t us w m t orms tw ot
t t pl t t pr non o rm on rm o us w n rn l ll w w y
作定语
s ot r n u m n
m tw t m t t or ollow som to n n y p n
t s s l us w us w w s to r or l t s
su o rm ollow t wor m som r rm us
n m w ” “smo t'' o t'' w n n l t sm low t w pl
o u w om o rm two o n p p
pr non o rm on run m lly usu w n rm o us w n rn l ll w w y
作宾语
n n n n lp” put noun s t
t s s s t s t s mport s pl
s u w om o rm two o n p
pr non o rm on run m lly usu w n rm o us w n rn l ll w w y
作主语
l
s ow s ow pol t s us s s t t wor ot
s w orm plur t us s w s ly t l l t s m
to n n on n v u u ou m o w n m n n
rly m n ry v m pl
rm lu lso u rm u to
only no n y wo som to n n y l w rm plu y u ou w n rm plu su
rw too rm u u ou p n rm u su n m
pr s t s w m w nt t su t ll y to rn l ll t s s
lso u nly o r r or r 就近原则
保持一致 n r p
pl lots t t t t t most
复数 姓氏复数，
语，单数 复合不定代词做主
rs lov mus r ly m s
on t r s ly m s
等作主语。 oup nm pol ow t my ly s
强调整体用单数，指个个成员用复数。
情况 常见过去分词
Toda e i ea ehig e, i i caed he a aicie. A a aicie idicae ceed aie aci. It
is fte called the ed fo as i t is foed b adding d r ed, the ed f reglar erbs, hee, it is a foed in
vari her ays f iegular verbs. (I i one f of -edicate verbs. -ing fo ad infinitive are the ther fos
of i.)
Someties, i can be ed as an atibute, hich eans i can be an adjective.
For exame, Wi you eep off he falen eaves? Here falen act as eposiive atibutes o odify eaves, ight?
Undead? Grea.
Toda e i ea ehig e, i i caed he a aici le. A ast articiple indicates cleted r assive actio. It
is fte called the ed fo as it is foed b adding d r ed, the ed f reglar erbs, hee, it is a foed in
vari her ays f iegular verbs. Someties, he pas par iciple as sed as a redicative, hich ain indicates the
state f the bject.
E.g. The iba i ced . ....
Toda e i ea ehig e, i i caed he a aicie. A a aicie idicae ceed aie aci. It
is fte caled he “ed” f as i i fed by adding “d” “ed”, o he end of egular verbs, however, i i alo fed in
vari her ays f iegular verbs. Someties, he pas paricie as ed as an adverbial. When he pas paricie i
ed as an adverbial, i ogical ubject i ualy he ubject of he entence. I as ualy eparated f her component
by a coma.
E.g. Wied ab he je, I wa eed f he fi few da.
倒装
T hi i hat e i earn oday, e cal i inverion. Someties because of he pecial gramar ucte emphasi, e
can e i. We ofen he verb befe he ubject, uch as hen e ake quesi, f exame, ‘Why are you ate? ’And
etimes e a t a art f the erbs, ch as the heing e rb ad dal erb before the bject. Ca gie e
exames? Yeah, neiher, , never... yeah, hen hese ds are at he beginning of he entence, e hould e paria l
inersio. Fr eale, Nt as there a Christmas tree, bt a exciing esent under i. Here, e can ee, ‘ y’
is at the begining of a setece, so we shld use partial inersio., which is ‘was there’, right? Grea .
省略
T hi i hat e i earn oday, e cal i Eii. To ake entence brief and avoid reeating, e ca se it. S e ca
i e component of entence, uch as he ubject, object a par of he edicate. And eties, e hould keep
the sybl of the infinitive '' ad oit the verb.
For exame. in he entence “I can'' ee he ovie oday alhough I ant o.” The comete entence i “I can'' ee he ovie
da althgh I at see the ie.” Bt aid reeating, e it the rds, see the ie. So, can you underand
? Geat .
r now
st s” mov “ wo om w p vo to u mov to n w ou y to
m t s t s s pl t w t t m t s t s t pl
m n to'' o m
s w m som pr t t or s t s s our s som t om
n w o u n w p s our m s ps ll t l w t l ll w w w s s
t n v ou n n n
onl not s w t s pr t lso u w only o mp x o n v
t us s w s t t wor t w only not t pl
som us v you n su v mo n v lp su v o p pu lso w som
l pl or ons t m w w s s t or t put t t us
w s or ur str m s t m s t l w t l ll w w w s s
ys rst t or ttl uns s y ourn t out orr
m
s ot rom s l us w t s t s t l us s s l ts us
s pl t t t us w pl t t t m rr or w ot ous
orm s s t r t t or orm s t orm t l n o
on t v ss p or t ompl s t n pl rt p st p pl rt p st p t ll s t w n n t som rn l ll w w y
作状语
now los s ry r l
su o
ly m w p u w t t t m rr or w ot ous
rm lso r v ow v u o n to ” “ o ” “ y rm rm ” “ n o
n p o omp p p p rt p st p t ll s t w n n t som rn l ll w w y
作表语
t n rst
r l m t tr t pr l l l t sw ll pl
t m w tr us t m
t
rm two o n rm pr non orm s t rr or w ot ous
rm lso r v ow v u o n to ” “ o ” “ y rm rm ” “ n o
on t v ss p or t ompl s t n pl rt p st p pl rt p st p t ll s t w n n t som rn l ll w w y
作定语 |
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