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食管癌为什么会疼痛?1.癌瘤本身引起的疼痛:恶性肿瘤细胞以浸润性增长方式,侵犯邻近组织器官,破坏组织结构,改变其功能,若累及到癌细胞部位的神经和血管,则可产生疼痛。4.抗癌治疗中所引起的疼痛:如手术切口疼痛,肋间神经受损引起疼痛等。一般早期食道癌常在吞咽食物时引起胸骨后疼痛,高位食道癌可在颈部发生疼痛,较低位食道癌在剑... 阅1 转自浪漫金秋 公众公开 15-06-22 21:46 |
Most literature reviews by students present the highlights of a research area and are not truly . There is no strict rule, but a short literature review generally requires about 7-12 research articles and is about 10-15 pages long. There are three main steps: (1) select a research topic, (2) collect and read the rele... 阅1260 转8 评0 公众公开 14-03-29 06:06 |