树突状细胞的研究进展
【关键词】 肿瘤疫苗
【摘要】 树突状细胞(Dendritic
Cell,DC)是体内最强的抗原递呈细胞(APC),具有激活T细胞和诱导免疫反应的特殊功能。大量研究显示,DC在抗肿瘤的免疫反应、肿瘤监视等过程
中均起到重要作用。DC免疫治疗应用于临床的问题已经引起广泛关注,并取得一定的进展。本文就DC在基础研究、抗肿瘤免疫治疗应用及目前存在的问题等方面
作一综述。 表面受体:DC表面的FcR和CRl主要参与抗原性异物和免疫复合物的捕获。DC表面存在I型人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV-1)受体―――DC-
SIGN,其氨基酸序列与C型植物血凝素相同,能够与T淋巴细胞表面的ICAM-3结合,介导DC与幼稚T淋巴细胞之间的结合,促进HIV-l进入CD4
+
T淋巴细胞。人LC表面的神经肽受体,可与神经系统产生的神经肽相结合,从而使DC的功能受神经系统的调节。CDwl50(1PO-3)为共刺激受体,参
与信号转导。 1.4 DC的鉴定及记数标志 目前对DC的鉴定主要依靠细胞形态,细胞表面共刺激分子以及CDla、CD83等来综合鉴定。至今尚未发现DC的特异性标志。 2 DC在免疫治疗中的应用 2.2.3 DC肿瘤抗原mRNA疫苗
通过核酸扩增技术从来源有限的肿瘤组织中扩增到足量用于刺激DC的mRNA,并采用差异筛选方法获得特异表达的肿瘤mRNA,以此作为抗原冲击DC,制成
疫苗。Ashley等 [12]
用低免疫原性肿瘤B16-F10的总RNA致敏小鼠DC。在接种后,能诱导出特异的抗B16肿瘤CTL,延长小鼠的生存时间,并能保护小鼠免受移植瘤的侵
袭。这种方法对于仅能得到少量瘤细胞的情况具有实用价值,也可避免自身抗原刺激DC诱发自身免疫性疾病的风险。 3 问题与展望 2 Banchereau J,Steinman R M.Dendritic cells and the control of immuni-ty.Nature,1998,392(6673):245-252. 3 Steinman R M,Pope M.Exploiting dendritic cells to improve vaccine ef-ficacy.J Clin Invest J,2002,109(12):1519-1526. 4 Caux C,Massacri C,Vanbervliet B,et al.CD34+ Hematopoietic Progen-itors FromHuman Cord Blood Differentiate AlongTwo Independent Den-dritic Cell Pathways in Response to Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Plus Tumor Necrosis Factor:II.Functional Analysis.J Blood,1997,90(4):1458-1470. 5 吴松泉.细胞免疫中共刺激分子研究进展.国外医学?免疫学分册,2000,23(1):16-18. 6 Anita Reddy,Mark Sapp,Mary Feldman,et al.A Monocyte Conditioned Medium Is More Effective Than Defined Cytokines in Mediating the Ter-minal Maturation of Human Dendritic cells.J Blood,1997,90(9):3641-3646. 7 Rouard H,Leon A,Klonjkowski B,et al.Adenoviral transduction of hu-man‘clinical grade′immuature dendritic cells enhances costimulatory molecule expression and T-cell stimulatory capacity.J Immunol Method B,2000,241(1-2):69-81. 8 曹雪涛,叶天星.树突状细胞研究在免疫学中的意义及其发展趋势.国外医学?免疫学分册,1998,21(6):281-285. 9 Thery C,Regnault A,Garin J,et al.Molecular characterization of den-dritic cell-derived exosomes:selective accumulation of the heat shock protein hsc73.J Cell Biol,1999,147(3):599-610. 10 Kugler A,Stuhler G,Walden P.Regression of human metastatic renal cell carcinoma after vaccination with tumor cell-dendritic cell hy-brids.Nat Med,2000,6(3):332-336. 11 Murphy GP,Tjon BA,Simmons SJ,et al.Infusion of dendritic cells pulsed with HLA-A2-specific prostate-specific membrane antigen peptides:a phase II prostate cancer vaccine trial involving patients with hormone-refractory metastatic disease.Prostate,l999,38(1):73-78. 12 Ashley DM,Faiola B,Nair S,et al.Bone marrow-generated
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