1.of和in
She has experience of teaching.
她有教学经验
She has experience in teaching Chinese.
她有教汉语的经验。
(of指事情;in指行为)
2.on和for
This is a strong demand on her.
这是对她过份的要求。
There is a great demand for a cheaper edition.
便宜版本需求量大。
(on指人;for指物)
3.for和at
Exercise is good for health.
运动有益于健康。
She is good at telling stories in English.
她善于用英语讲故事。
(for后指“有益于”;at后指“善于”)
4.over和above
There is a lamp hanging over us.
在我们头顶上挂着一盏灯。
There is a lamp hanging above us.
在我们头顶上面挂着一盏灯。
(over在垂直上方;above在上方,并一这是正上方)
因而下面两句话不能把over与above用混:
There is a church standing on a hill above the valley.
在峡谷上面的小山上座落着一处教堂。
There is a bridge over the river.
河上有一座桥。
(显然峡谷正上方是空的,不可能有小山,而后者桥则一定在河的正上方。)
5.besides和except
We all went there besides Mike.
除迈克以外,我们大家也都去那儿了。
We all went there except Mike.
除了迈克外,我们大家都去那儿了。
(besides表示“除了...以外,还有”都在“有”的范围之内;而except表示“除...之外”,是在“有”的范围外。)
6.among和between
He is standing among these students.
他站在这些学生之间。
He is standing between these and those students.
他站在这些学生和那些学生之间。
(均作“之间”解,among强调在同类人或事物当中,而between一般用于两个人或事物之间;但注意between偶而也可用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间,这时往往强调一方与其他诸方各自之间的关系。)
如:Laos lies between China,Burma,Thailand,Cambodia and Viet Nam.
老挝位于中国、缅甸、泰国、柬埔寨和越南之间。
7.in,on和to
Shanghai is in the east of China.
上海位于中国东部。
Korea is on the east of China.
朝鲜位于中国之东。
Japan is to the east of China.
日本位于中国东面。
(in表“在”,指在某界线之内;on表“在”,指与相领界线有接触;而to表“在”,主要说明所指方向。)
8.after和since
After her graduation she took anoter degree in mathematics.
毕业后,她又取得了数学数位。
She hasn't been home since her graduation.
她毕业后一直没有回家。
(after和since均表示“在......时间之后”,但前者只表示在过去的时刻之后,而since则是把一个时间点看作起点,而由此延续到说话时刻的一段时间。这样after常与一般过去的动词时态相关,而since则与现在完成时态相关。)
9.on,in和at
There is the Beijing Hotel on the corner of Wangfjing Street.
北京饭店座落在王府井大街拐角处。
A flowerpot is put in the corner of my study.
一盆花放在我书房的角落里。
There is a policeman standing at the cormer of that street.
在那条街道的拐角处站有警察。
(on the corner指“在角上”;in the cormer指“在内角”,而at the corner指“在外角”。)
10.in和into
He inserted the plug in the socket.
他把插头插入插座。
The car stuck in the water.
小轿车陷入水中。
He screwed the light bulb into the socket.
他将灯泡拧进了灯头里。
Fishermen cast their nets into the water.
渔民向河里撒网。
(in一般指静止状态,而into则强调持续的运动过程。)
11.by,with与pen
He lives by the pen.
他靠写作为生。
He wrote the letter with pen.
他用钢笔写信。
(by和with都可以用来表示手段。by用来表示方式,一般表示抽象的方式,而with则用来表示具体的手段和工具)