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Example Note another and others He’s bought another car. Those cakes are wonderful. Could I have another (one)? Where are the other photos? Where are the others? another表示另一，又一，再一，可以不接名词。 other +名词复数=others, other必须修饰复数名词。 accept and agree I agree to meet them here. (NOT I accept to meet ….) 在不定式前通常用agree而不用accept allow, permit and let We don’t allow/permit people to smoke here. We don’t allow/permit smoking here. It’s not permitted to smoke here. (NOT it’s allow to smoke) Let me buy you a drink. 结构：allow/permit sb to do allow/permit doing it’s not permitted to do let sb do,通常let不用于被动 almost and nearly; practically There are almost/nearly a thousand people there. I’ve pretty/very nearly finished. (NOT …very almost….) almost and nearly两者可以通用，但是nearly可用very, pretty修饰， 而almost不可。 alone, lonely and lonesome I like to be alone for short periods. But after a few days I start lonely/ lonesome. alone表示独自一人 lonely表示内心孤独寂寞的 along and through His office is along the corridor. through the centuries (NOT along…) all through the journey (NOT all along…) right through the meal along 表示沿着，后接有具体形状的名词; through后通常接表示一段时间或活动的名词。 also, as well and too She not only sings; she also plays the piano. She not only sings; she plays the piano as well. She not only sings; she plays the piano too. Also, it needs a lot of repairs. also 通常位于句中实意动词前 as well和too通常位于句末 Also 也可用于句首。 arise and rise I’m afraid a difficulty has arisen. Price keeps rising . Rise - (a)rose - (a)risen. arise表示出现产生常由抽象名词作主语。 rise 通常表示提高，上涨。 as, because, since and for As it’s raining again, we’ll have to stay at home. Why I’m leaving? Because I’m fed up. (NOT as/since I’m fed up. Since he had not paid his bill, his electricity was cut off. I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was feeling hungry. as 和since通常表示聆听者已知的原因 because着重强调原因，通常用来介绍聆听者不知道的新信息。而 且只有because可回答why的问题 for表示说明新的信息，也通常用来说明是后思考的原因。 as, when and while As I was walking down the street I saw Tom driving here. The phone always rings when you are having a bath. While they were playing cards, somebody broke into the house. 三者都可以表示当一件事发生时另一件事正在进行。 While 可以表示对比两个同时发生的动作。 As 可表示两个瞬间发生的动作同时发生。 at first and first At first they were very happy, but then things started going wrong. First, I want to talk about the history of the problem; then I’ll outline the situation today. at first表示起初，一开始 first表示顺序，第一 bath and bathe I think I’ll have a bath. It’s your turn to bathe the baby. (American English) I always bathe before I go to bed. (Or take a bath) bath/ba:θ/ 名词 bathe/beie/ 动词 beat and win You can win a game/a race/a battle/a prize. You can beat a person. win—won—won,通常接比赛和奖项类名词 beat—beat—beaten，通常接人，表示打败sb beside and besides Who’s the big guy sitting beside Jane? Besides literature, we have to study history and philosophy. beside介词,表示在…..旁边” besides 介词，表示另外，此外。 besides, except and apart from Besides (apart from) the violin, he plays the piano and the flute. I like all music instruments except (apart from) the violin. besides 表示另外，此外，指包括在内 except 表示除了，指排除在外 apart from既可表示包括在内又可表示排除在外。 borrow and lend Can I borrow your bicycle? I borrowed a pound from my brother. I lent my coat to Steve, and I never saw it again. Lend me your comb for a minute, will you? borrow… from sb 表示借进来。 lend …..to sb表示借出去。 bring and take Can we come over on Sunday? We’ll bring a picnic. Let’s have another drink, and then I’ll take you home. bring表示说话者带来 take表示说话者带走 broad and wide We live in a very wide street. Across the broad valley, the mountains rose blue and mysterious. wide表示两者之间具体的距离和宽度， 如wide eyes, a wide mouth. broad既可表示具体的距离也可表示抽象的宽度， 如broad shoulders, a broad back. care (about), care for and take care (of) Most people care about other people’s opinions. He spent years caring for (looking after) his sick mother. I don’t much care for (like) strawberries. Take care when you’re crossing the road. Nurses take care of people in hospital. care (about) 表示关心，在乎； care for表示照料； care for也表示喜欢； take care表示当心，小心； take care of表示照顾。 cloth and clothes His suit was made of the most expensive cloth. Could you pass me a cloth? I must buy some new clothes. cloth/kl.θ/ 表示制作衣物的材料，指棉布； clothes/kl.uez/表示衣服的总称，指衣服，没有单数形式。 come and go Can I come and see you? I want to go and live in Greece. come表示说话者来 go 表示说话者去 dead, died and death Mrs Mcginty is dead. That idea has been dead for years. She died in a car crash. (NOT she is dead in…) After his death his wife went to live in Canada. dead 形容词 die 动词 (died, died) death 名词 economic and economical Economic theory/problem An economical little car economic 表示经济学的； economical表示节约的，经济的。 expect, hope, wait and look forward I ‘m expecting John to phone at 3 o’clock. She’s hoping it will be a girl. I waited for her till 12, and then went home. She looked forward to getting a gift. expect表示预料，预期，期望，比hope更加强调客观事实 hope 表示希望，强调主观意愿 wait表示等待 look forward to表示盼望做某事 fairly, quite, rather and pretty How was the film? Fairly good. Not the best one I have seen this year. How was the film? Quite good. You ought to go. I quite enjoyed myself at your party. How was the film? Rather good. I was surprised. I have had rather a long day. I’m pretty well (almost) finished. You’re driving pretty fast. 这几个词均表示十分，相当。 其中fairly语气最弱，可以修饰形容词和副词，通常不用来表示人， 如果说somebody is fairly nice or fairly clever 人家会不高兴的。 quite语气强于fairly,可以修饰动词和名词。 rather和pretty 语气最强, 都可以修饰动词，副词，形容词。 further and farther Beijing is further/farther away than Shanghai. For further information, you can see here. 均可表示距离上的远，但further还可表示抽象的远，更进一步的， 额外的，另外的。 finally, at last, in the end and at the end After trying three times, she finally managed to pass her exam. Steve has finally found a job. James has paid me that money at last. Firstly, we need to increase profits. Secondly, ….. Thirdly, …. And lastly, we …. (NOT and at last we….) We made eight different holiday plans, but in the end we went to Beijing. In the end, mother knows best. I wish I was paid at the beginning of the week and not at the end. at last表示终于； in the end表示最后，终于； at the end表示在…的末端，在…结束时。 fit and suit These shoes don’t fit me, have you got a larger one? Red and black are colours that suit me very well. fit 侧重指大小和形状合适； suit 侧重指风格和颜色合适。 fun and funny The party was fun, wasn’t it? (NOT the party was funny) Why are you wearing that funny hat? fun 不可数名词，表示乐趣或一件有趣的事； funny是形容词，表示可笑的，滑稽的 holiday and holidays Where are you going for your summer holiday(s)? We have five days’ Christmas holiday. I met Tom on holiday in Beijing. (NOT in/on holidays) holidays通常表示一年当中较长的假期； 其他情况通常用单数holiday. 短语on holiday表示在度假 how and what…like? How’s Ron? He’s very well. What’s Ron like? He’s quiet and a bit shy. How does she look today? Tired. What does she look like? Short and dark, pretty, cheerful-looking. how 指询问关于变化着的事物，如人的情绪和健康； what 指询问关于没有变化的事物，如人的性格和外貌。 ill and sick I’m looking after my sick sister. I was sick three times in the nights.（呕吐） George didn’t come in last week because he was ill/sick. ill 通常只作表语，不能用了修饰名词， 而sick既可作表语又可作定语，还可以表示恶心的，呕吐的。 last, the last and the latest If I’m speaking in July, last month was June. On July 15th 2006, the last month is the period from June 16th to July 15th. I’ve been busy for the last three months. (NOT for the last months. 因 为last month 不包括现在时间) Her latest book is being published next week. last week/month/year指上周，上个月，去年； the last week/month/year指从说话时算起，往前推算7天，30天及 一年。如 today is Wednesday, the last week is counted from last Wednesday to today; the latest 指最近的，最新的如 the latest news. lay and lie Lay the tent down on the grass. I laid the papers on the table. You lied to me . Don’t lie in bed all day. lay (laid, laid), 是及物动词，表示放，搁置，下蛋 lie有两种意思，表示不同意思时，lie的过去式和过去分词不同。 lie (lied, lied)表示撒谎 lie (lay lain)是不及物动词，表示平躺。 less and fewer I earn less money than a postman. I’ve got fewer problems than I used to have. I’ve got less problems than I used to have less是little的比较级，通常修饰不可数名词; fewer是few的比较级， 通常修饰可数复数名词。 在非正式语体中，less也可修饰可数复数名词。 loudly and aloud They were talking so loudly that I couldn’t hear myself think. She has a very good pronunciation when she reads aloud. What did you say? Nothing, I was just thinking aloud. loudly表示声音的力度，指大声地； aloud通常跟在read和think 的后面，说明某人不仅仅是在脑海里 安静的想，而是说了出来。 no more, not any more, no longer and not any longer There is no more bread. I no longer support the Conservative Party. (NOT I no more support ...) I’m not helping you any more. no more 通常只用了修饰名词； no longer, not any longer 和no …any more 通常修饰动词。 no, none, and not a/any Sorry I can’t stop. I’ve got no time. (=I haven’t got any time.) There’s no wardrobe in the bedroom. (There’s not a wardrobe in the bedroom). I’ve been to none of those places. How many of the books have you read? None. no = not a/any none通常和介词of连用,意思清楚也可单独使用。 neither……nor and not….either I neither smoke nor drink. The film was neither well made nor well acted. I can’t swim, nor/neither can my father. Tome didn’t turn up, and Jim didn’t either. neither…nor表示既不，也不，位于实意动词前，助动词，系动词， 情态动词后； 也可引起倒装。 so and then It’s more expensive to travel on Friday. Then/ so I’ll leave on Thursday. It’s more expensive to travel on Friday, so I’ll leave on Thursday. (NOT Then I’ll leave) so and then都可以表示既然如此；但是so 可以表示因此、所以， 而then不可。 thankful and grateful I am very grateful for all your help. (NOT I’m very thankful…) She wasn’t a bit grateful to me for repairing her car. I’m thankful that we got home before the storm started. We feel very thankful that she didn’t marry him after all. grateful通常指对人们善意的行为和帮助表示感激; thankful 通常指避免了某种危险或者度过了某种不愉快的经历而 感到庆幸。 |
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