2011届高考英语一轮复习讲解：省略句

【知识要点】

省略和替代一样，也是一种避免重复、突出关键词语并使上下文紧密连接的语法手段。只要不损害语法结构或产生歧义，能省略就应省略。尤其在对话中，它是一种普遍的现象，因为它有助于语言上的简洁。

1.可省略主语和谓语。

A word about your composition.我现在谈一下你的作文。(省略了Ill say...)

Though tired，he was not disheartened.他虽然累了，但没有泄气。(省略了he was...)

Got a light?有火吗？(句首省略了Have you...)

2.可省去从句。

You have done better this time.这一次你做得好些了。(省去从句than you did before)

Oh，that reminds me.噢，这使我想起了一件事。(me之后省去了that从句，其内容由具体情况而定)

3.可用不定式to，省去前面提到的谓语动词。

Jack didn’t pass the driving test，but he still hope to.(to后省去了pass)杰克没有通过驾驶证考试，但他仍希望能通过。

4.可用so，not省略前面提到的事，表肯定与否定。

—Do you think it’s going to rain over the wee kend?你认为周末会下雨吗？

—I believe not/I believe so.我想不会/我想会的。

(即I don’t believe it’s going to rain)

5.根据不同语境可省略不同成分。如：

only if，If only，what so e ver， in case

6.特殊疑问句的省略。

Where to?去哪里？

(=Where are you going to?)

What for?为什么 ？

(例如：What do you come here for?你来这里干什么？)

Why not do it?为什么不做那件事呢？

(=Why don’t you do it?)

How/What about(sb)doing sth.?做某事怎么样？

What’s on tonight?今晚上映什么？

What’s up?发生什么事了？

 

【考点诠释】

　　省略是为了使句子更简洁，同时又不影响句子意义的表达。因此，省略的部分常常可以从句子结构本身或句子所处的语境中可以明确领会其成分。如：

       You are as tall as he (is).

       When (you are) in Rome,　do as the Romans do.

       1.比较从句中的省略

       I love classic music more than (I like)　rock and roll.

       He is no longer so shy as (he was) before.

       2.在时间状语和条件状语从句中的省略

       While (I was) on the street, I came across a friend of mine.

       If (you are) offered help, never forget to say “Thank you!”

       If (it is) possible, I would like to go there tomorrow.

       3.在其他状语从句中的省略

       I won’t go there unless (I am) invited. 

       Things have turned out just as (they were) expected.       How beautiful ( it is)!

       4.在并列从句中的省略

       The girls are very hard-working; the boys (are very hard-working) too.

       The news made some people happy, but (it made) some (other people) sad. 

       5.命令和请求

       No talking！

       Silent, everybody![ 6.特定问题的回答

       —Where have you been?

       —(I’ve been) Out.

       —Have you been waiting long?

       —(I’ve been waiting for) About an hour.

       7.简略的提问句

       —Tom, go and water the flowers.

       —Why (do you make) me (water the flowers)?

典型例题：

       1.　________for the rain,　the construction work would have been faster.

       A. If it were not　　　　　　　        B. Were it not

       C. Had it not been                              D. If it hasn’t

       答案：C

       解析：省 略if时，虚拟条件从句人要倒装。

       2.　The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than_______.

      A. ours 

       B. those of ours

       C. it had for ours

       D. it did for us

       答案：D

       解析：这句话也可以省略为the purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than for us.其中had是has的过去式。

       3.　—Don’t forget to post the letter for me on your way.

       —______.

       A. I don’t                                         B. I won’t

       C. I can’t                                          D. I haven’t

4.　—Mary had a wonderful time at the party.

       —_______, and so did I.

       A. So she had 

       B. So had she

       C. So she did

       D. So did she

       答案：C

       解析：So she did 是省略加强调。原句应该是She did have a wonderful time.她的确玩得很开心。

       5. 　_______ we move the couch over there. Don’t you think the room will look larger?[    A. What about                                   B. What if

       C. How far                                       D. How come

       答案：B

       解析：What if在这里相当于 是What will the room look like if we move the couch的省略句。what about 后面要用动名词；how come怎么会。

       6.　I hear that Tom was writing a book last year and he still______ .

       A. does                                             B. is

       C. has                                               D. was

       7.　John plays football_______, if not better than, David. 

       A. so well 

       B. so well as

       C. as well    D. as well as[

       答案：D

       解析：省略句。John plays football as well as (David), if not better than David.

       8.　Land to the east of Ural is called Asia; land t o t he west_______ Europe.

       A. /                                                  B. is

       C. called                                            D. calls

       答案：A

       解析：省略句。 Land to the west (is called) Europe.

       9.　—He probably will give you a ride.

       —Really, _______ I don’t need to buy a ticket.

       A. if necessary                                          B. if so

       C. if that                                           D. fortunately

【高考链接】

1.（2003年上海卷，39）Generally speaking ,        according to the directions , the drug has no side effect .

A．when taking        B．when taken        C．when to take         D．when to be taken

【解析】当分词的逻辑主语也就是主句的主语，这时可以省去逻辑主语和be动 词.现在分词表示主动和进行，而过去分词表示被动和完成。在这个句子中， 其实是when the drug is taken,省去了the drug is，the drug 和take是被动关系．

【答案】B

2.（2004湖北卷，29） What surprised me was not what he said but_______he said it.

A. t he way   B. in the way that 　C. in the way   D. the way which

【解析】本题考查定语从句中的省略，the way 前省略了that或in which。

【答案】A3.（2004江苏卷, 28）. -- You haven't lost the ticket, have you?

-- _________. I know it's not easy to get another one at the moment.

A. I hope not   B. Yes, I have   C. I hope so         D. Yes, I’m afraid so

4.（2005全国卷, 21）--–Can I speak to Mr Wang, please?        

 --________.

       A. Who are you ?   B. I’m Wang     C. Speaking              D. Are you Zhang

【解析】汉语打电话中说“我是…”，英语自报姓名不用“I am …”。而用“This is … speaking” 这一句型或其它省略形式。Speaking=This is Mr Wang speaking=It’s Mr Wang speaking

【答案】C

5 .（2005重庆, 27） __________, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.

A. A quiet student as he may be        B. Quiet student as he may be

C. Be a quiet student as he may        D. Quiet as he may be a student

【解析】在as引导的让步再从句倒装对，名词前冠词应省略。提示：as引导的让步状语从句通常将表语或修饰谓语动词的副词提前至句首。

【答案】B

6.（2005福建，33） When_______help, one often says “Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you”.

A. offering    B. to offer 　 C. to be offered    D. offered

7.（2006年湖北， 29）-- I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.

    -- _______good.

A. Sound         B. Sounded        C. Sounding               D. Sounds

【解析】Sounds good实际上是It Sounds good的省略。

【答案】D

8.（2006年湖北，31） __________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.

A. Would you be     B. S hould you be   C. Could you be      D. Might you be[

 

9.（2008安徽卷， 32）-----Have you g ot any particular plans for the coming holiday?

   ----- Yes, _______, I’m going to visit some homes for the old in the city.

A. If ever     B. If busy      C. If anything      D. If possible

【解析】本题考查四个句型结构。If ever如果有过的话（如果发生过的话），. If busy根据题意，是If I am busy的省略，与下文语意矛盾；If anything 意思是“更可能的是，总之”，；if possible如果可能的话。题意为“如果可能的话，我将去城里的一些老年之家看看。”

【答案】D

10.（2008福建卷， 30）– Who should be responsible for the accident?

  – The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order _____.

A. as told     B. as are told     C. as telling      D. as they told

【解析】考查省略、被动的用法。补全句子应该是They just carried out the order as they were told。

【答案】A

11.(2010高考英语山东卷,28)The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day,        accompanied by an adult.

   A. once      B. when       C. if       D. unless