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CorePlex开发手记:一、Winform窗体皮肤及简单换肤机制

 唐伯龙 2011-07-10

前言: CorePlex代码库 作为一个Visual Studio插件, 允许用户通过VS直接访问在线代码库。开发过程中我翻阅了很多网上的资料,也总结了一些技术要点,现写成系列文章,以飨读者。同时,里面某些技术也是我第一次使用,如有不对的地方,还请行家狠拍,欢迎大家指正~

闲话休絮,进入正题。从本篇文章开始,介绍 CorePlex 的窗体皮肤机制,以及简单的换肤功能。我们先来看看效果:

running-1

换一个皮肤看看:

running-2

需要实现的是圆角窗体+四周的阴影,要实现这个,大致的思路是这样的:先使用 Graphics 绘制一个 Bitmap,将需要的皮肤绘制成一个内存图,然后使用 Win32的API:UpdateLayeredWindow 将这个构造好的 Bitmap 绘制/更新到窗体上。我们来看看具体的实现吧。

 

第一部分,构造皮肤背景。

为了实现圆角以及四周的阴影,我将窗体背景划分成了九宫格的形式:

image

主要思路是:除 5 之外的其他部分,都作为窗体的边框和圆角来处理。而5这个部分,则作为圆角窗体的主体背景部分。1、3、7、9四个部分,作为圆角,我使用 PathGradientBrush 来绘制扇形渐变,而2、4、6、8四个部分,作为边框,我使用 LinearGradientBrush 来绘制线性渐变。

不多说,见代码:

/// <summary>
/// 绘制四角的阴影
/// </summary>
/// <param name="g"></param>
/// <param name="corSize">圆角区域正方形的大小</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private void DrawCorners(Graphics g, Size corSize)
{
/*
* 四个角,每个角都是一个扇面
* 画图时扇面由外弧、内弧以及两段的连接线构成图形
* 然后在内弧中间附近向外做渐变
*
* 阴影分为9宫格,5为内部背景图部分
*  1   2   3
*  4   5   6
*  7   8   9
*/
Action<int> DrawCorenerN = (n) =>
{
using (GraphicsPath gp = new GraphicsPath())
{
// 扇面外沿、内沿曲线的尺寸
Size sizeOutSide = new Size(corSize.Width * 2, corSize.Height * 2);
Size sizeInSide = new Size(this.SkinOptions.CornerRadius * 2, this.SkinOptions.CornerRadius * 2);
// 扇面外沿、内沿曲线的位置
Point locationOutSide, locationInSide;
// 当圆角半径小于MinCornerRadius时,内沿不绘制曲线,而以线段绘制近似值。该线段绘制方向是从p1指向p2。
Point p1, p2;
// 渐变起点位置
PointF brushCenter;
// 扇面起始角度
float startAngle;
// 根据四个方位不同,确定扇面的位置、角度及渐变起点位置
switch (n)
{
case 1:
locationOutSide = new Point(0, 0);
startAngle = 180;
brushCenter = new PointF((float)sizeOutSide.Width - sizeInSide.Width * 0.5f,
(float)sizeOutSide.Height - sizeInSide.Height * 0.5f);
p1 = new Point(corSize.Width, this.SkinOptions.ShadowWidth);
p2 = new Point(this.SkinOptions.ShadowWidth, corSize.Height);
break;
case 3:
locationOutSide = new Point(this.Width - sizeOutSide.Width, 0);
startAngle = 270;
brushCenter = new PointF((float)locationOutSide.X + sizeInSide.Width * 0.5f,
(float)sizeOutSide.Height - sizeInSide.Height * 0.5f);
p1 = new Point(this.Width - this.SkinOptions.ShadowWidth, corSize.Height);
p2 = new Point(this.Width - corSize.Width, this.SkinOptions.ShadowWidth);
break;
case 7:
locationOutSide = new Point(0, this.Height - sizeOutSide.Height);
startAngle = 90;
brushCenter = new PointF((float)sizeOutSide.Width - sizeInSide.Width * 0.5f,
(float)locationOutSide.Y + sizeInSide.Height * 0.5f);
p1 = new Point(this.SkinOptions.ShadowWidth, this.Height - corSize.Height);
p2 = new Point(corSize.Width, this.Height - this.SkinOptions.ShadowWidth);
break;
default:
locationOutSide = new Point(this.Width - sizeOutSide.Width, this.Height - sizeOutSide.Height);
startAngle = 0;
brushCenter = new PointF((float)locationOutSide.X + sizeInSide.Width * 0.5f,
(float)locationOutSide.Y + sizeInSide.Height * 0.5f);
p1 = new Point(this.Width - corSize.Width, this.Height - this.SkinOptions.ShadowWidth);
p2 = new Point(this.Width - this.SkinOptions.ShadowWidth, this.Height - corSize.Height);
break;
}
// 扇面外沿曲线
Rectangle recOutSide = new Rectangle(locationOutSide, sizeOutSide);
// 扇面内沿曲线的位置
locationInSide = new Point(locationOutSide.X + (sizeOutSide.Width - sizeInSide.Width) / 2,
locationOutSide.Y + (sizeOutSide.Height - sizeInSide.Height) / 2);
// 扇面内沿曲线
Rectangle recInSide = new Rectangle(locationInSide, sizeInSide);
// 将扇面添加到形状,以备绘制
gp.AddArc(recOutSide, startAngle, 91);
if (this.SkinOptions.CornerRadius > MinCornerRadius)
gp.AddArc(recInSide, startAngle + 90, -91);
else
gp.AddLine(p1, p2);
// 使用渐变笔刷
using (PathGradientBrush shadowBrush = new PathGradientBrush(gp))
{
Color[] colors = new Color[2];
float[] positions = new float[2];
ColorBlend sBlend = new ColorBlend();
// 扇面外沿色
colors[0] = this.SkinOptions.CornerColor[1];
// 扇面内沿色
colors[1] = this.SkinOptions.CornerColor[0];
positions[0] = 0.0f;
positions[1] = 1.0f;
sBlend.Colors = colors;
sBlend.Positions = positions;
shadowBrush.InterpolationColors = sBlend;
// 上色中心点
shadowBrush.CenterPoint = brushCenter;
g.FillPath(shadowBrush, gp);
}
}
};
DrawCorenerN(1);
DrawCorenerN(3);
DrawCorenerN(7);
DrawCorenerN(9);
}
/// <summary>
/// 绘制上下左右四边的阴影
/// </summary>
/// <param name="g"></param>
/// <param name="corSize"></param>
/// <param name="gradientSize_LR"></param>
/// <param name="gradientSize_TB"></param>
private void DrawLines(Graphics g, Size corSize, Size gradientSize_LR, Size gradientSize_TB)
{
Rectangle rect2 = new Rectangle(new Point(corSize.Width, 0), gradientSize_TB);
Rectangle rect4 = new Rectangle(new Point(0, corSize.Width), gradientSize_LR);
Rectangle rect6 = new Rectangle(new Point(this.Size.Width - this.SkinOptions.ShadowWidth, corSize.Width), gradientSize_LR);
Rectangle rect8 = new Rectangle(new Point(corSize.Width, this.Size.Height - this.SkinOptions.ShadowWidth), gradientSize_TB);
using (
LinearGradientBrush brush2 = new LinearGradientBrush(rect2, this.SkinOptions.ShadowColor[1], 
this.SkinOptions.ShadowColor[0], LinearGradientMode.Vertical), brush4 = new LinearGradientBrush(rect4, this.SkinOptions.ShadowColor[1],
this.SkinOptions.ShadowColor[0], LinearGradientMode.Horizontal), brush6 = new LinearGradientBrush(rect6, this.SkinOptions.ShadowColor[0],
this.SkinOptions.ShadowColor[1], LinearGradientMode.Horizontal), brush8 = new LinearGradientBrush(rect8, this.SkinOptions.ShadowColor[0],
this.SkinOptions.ShadowColor[1], LinearGradientMode.Vertical) ) { g.FillRectangle(brush2, rect2); g.FillRectangle(brush4, rect4); g.FillRectangle(brush6, rect6); g.FillRectangle(brush8, rect8); } } 好,到此为止,四周的圆角和渐变边框算是模拟出来了,然后就是将 5号为止的主背景绘制上去,以及添加一些高光、暗部等线条,突出质感:
/// <summary>
/// 绘制主背景图
/// </summary>
/// <param name="g"></param>
private void DrawMain(Graphics g)
{
// 要显示的区域图像的大小
Rectangle destRect = new Rectangle(0, 0, 
this.Width - this.SkinOptions.ShadowWidth * 2 + 1,
this.Height - this.SkinOptions.ShadowWidth * 2 + 1); // 建立一个临时的 bitmap,用于存放被圆角化的图像 using (Bitmap corBg = new Bitmap(destRect.Width, destRect.Height)) { using (Graphics corG = Graphics.FromImage(corBg)) { corG.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.HighQuality; // 创建圆角区域 using (GraphicsPath gp = CreateRoundRect(destRect, this.SkinOptions.CornerRadius)) { Region re = new System.Drawing.Region(gp); // 设置画布区域为圆角区域 corG.IntersectClip(re); Pen p = new Pen(this.SkinOptions.BorderColor); p.Width = this.SkinOptions.BorderWidth; p.Alignment = PenAlignment.Inset; switch (this.SkinOptions.BackgroundLayout) { case ImageLayout.Center: { // 创建源图上的截取区域 Rectangle srcRect = new Rectangle(new Point(0, 0), this.SkinOptions.BackgroundImage.Size); // 绘制背景图 corG.DrawImage(this.SkinOptions.BackgroundImage,
(this.Width - this.SkinOptions.BackgroundImage.Width) / 2,
(this.Height - this.SkinOptions.BackgroundImage.Height) / 2,
srcRect, GraphicsUnit.Pixel); } break; case ImageLayout.Stretch: { // 创建源图上的截取区域 Rectangle srcRect = new Rectangle(new Point(0, 0), this.SkinOptions.BackgroundImage.Size); // 绘制背景图 corG.DrawImage(this.SkinOptions.BackgroundImage, p.Width, p.Width, srcRect, GraphicsUnit.Pixel); } break; case ImageLayout.Tile: { // 创建源图上的截取区域 TextureBrush tb = new TextureBrush(this.SkinOptions.BackgroundImage); corG.FillRectangle(tb, destRect); } break; case ImageLayout.Zoom: { // 创′建¨源′图?上?的?截?取?区?域ò Rectangle srcRect = new Rectangle(new Point(0, 0), this.SkinOptions.BackgroundImage.Size); // 绘制背景图 corG.DrawImage(this.SkinOptions.BackgroundImage,
(this.Width - this.SkinOptions.BackgroundImage.Width) / 2,
(this.Height - this.SkinOptions.BackgroundImage.Height) / 2,
srcRect, GraphicsUnit.Pixel); } break; case ImageLayout.None: default: corG.DrawImage(this.SkinOptions.BackgroundImage, p.Width, p.Width); break; } // 构造外边框 Rectangle borderOut = new Rectangle(0, 0, destRect.Width - 1, destRect.Height - 1); // 绘制外边框 corG.DrawPath(p, CreateRoundRect(borderOut, this.SkinOptions.CornerRadius)); // 构造内边框 Rectangle borderIn = new Rectangle(1, 1, borderOut.Width - 2, borderOut.Height - 2); using (LinearGradientBrush b = new LinearGradientBrush(borderIn,
this.SkinOptions.BorderHighlightColor[0],
this.SkinOptions.BorderHighlightColor[1],
this.SkinOptions.BorderHighlightAngle)) { // 绘制内边框高光 using (Pen lightPen = new Pen(b)) { // 绘制内边框 corG.DrawPath(lightPen, CreateRoundRect(borderIn, this.SkinOptions.CornerRadius)); } } // 将圆角图绘制到主画布 g.DrawImage(corBg, this.SkinOptions.ShadowWidth, this.SkinOptions.ShadowWidth); #region 绘制Logo using (Bitmap logo = Resources.Default.formlogo) { Rectangle paintTo = new Rectangle(25, 20, logo.Width, logo.Height); Rectangle sourceRec = new Rectangle(0, 0, logo.Width, logo.Height); g.DrawImage(logo, paintTo, sourceRec, GraphicsUnit.Pixel); } #endregion #region 绘制控制按钮 using (Bitmap cb = Resources.Default.controlboxes) { Rectangle paintTo = new Rectangle(this.Width - this.SkinOptions.ShadowWidth - cb.Width + 3,
this.SkinOptions.ShadowWidth - 1, cb.Width, ControlBoxHeight); Rectangle sourceRec = new Rectangle(0, this._currentControlBoxImgY, cb.Width, ControlBoxHeight); g.DrawImage(cb, paintTo, sourceRec, GraphicsUnit.Pixel); } #endregion } } } }
/// <summary>
/// 构造圆角路径
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rect"></param>
/// <param name="radius"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private GraphicsPath CreateRoundRect(Rectangle rect, int radius)
{
GraphicsPath gp = new GraphicsPath();
int x = rect.X;
int y = rect.Y;
int width = rect.Width;
int height = rect.Height;
if (width > 0 && height > 0)
{
// 半径大才做圆角
if (radius > MinCornerRadius)
{
radius = Math.Min(radius, height / 2 - 1);
radius = Math.Min(radius, width / 2 - 1);
gp.AddArc(x + width - (radius * 2), y, radius * 2, radius * 2, 270, 90);
gp.AddLine(x + width, y + radius, x + width, y + height - (radius * 2));
gp.AddArc(x + width - (radius * 2), y + height - (radius * 2), radius * 2, radius * 2, 0, 90);
gp.AddLine(x + width - (radius * 2), y + height, x + radius, y + height);
gp.AddArc(x, y + height - (radius * 2), radius * 2, radius * 2, 90, 90);
gp.AddLine(x, y + height - (radius * 2), x, y + radius);
gp.AddArc(x, y, radius * 2, radius * 2, 180, 90);
}
else
{
gp.AddLine(x + width - radius, y, x + width, y + radius);
gp.AddLine(x + width, y + radius, x + width, y + height - radius);
gp.AddLine(x + width, y + height - radius, x + width - radius, y + height);
gp.AddLine(x + width - radius, y + height, x + radius, y + height);
gp.AddLine(x + radius, y + height, x, y + height - radius);
gp.AddLine(x, y + height - radius, x, y + radius);
gp.AddLine(x, y + radius, x + radius, y);
}
gp.CloseFigure();
}
return gp;
}
好了,带圆角、渐变阴影的窗体背景算是构造好了,但它现在仅仅是一张内存里的 bitmap 图片,我们要如何才能将它显示到窗体上呢?

第二部分:使用 Win32的API将 bitmap 更新到窗体

这个操作使用 UpdateLayeredWindow 来进行,MSDN上是这样描述的:Updates the position, size, shape, content, and translucency of a layered window.

MSDN:ms-help://MS.MSDNQTR.v90.chs/dv_vclib/html/9035dce1-8560-4ea4-94a8-f6e0ba2b2021.htm

现在我们只是用它来将我们绘制好的内存图Update到一个窗体上。你应该已经注意到MSDN的说明以及这个方法的名字了,单词Window前有一 个限定词,Layered。那么我们怎么构造一个Layered的Window呢?或者说,怎么才能使我们的窗体成为Layered的呢?很简单,你可以 这样:

protected override CreateParams CreateParams
{
get
{
CreateParams cp = base.CreateParams;
// 绘制背景必须针对具有 WS_EX_LAYERED 扩展风格的窗体进行
if (!this.DesignMode)
{
cp.ExStyle |= Win32.WS_EX_LAYERED; // WS_EX_LAYERED
}
return cp;
}
}
好了,我们有一个合适的Window了,下面我们使用 UpdateLayeredWindow 来讲绘制的内存图更新到窗体上:(老实说,这段代码是从网上Copy的,嘿嘿~)
/// <summary>
/// 绘制已构造好的位图
/// </summary>
/// <param name="bitmap"></param>
/// <param name="opacity"></param>
private void SetBitmap(Bitmap bitmap, byte opacity = 255)
{
if (bitmap.PixelFormat != PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb)
throw new Exception("窗体背景图必须是 8 位/通道 RGB 颜色的图。");
// The ideia of this is very simple,
// 1. Create a compatible DC with screen;
// 2. Select the bitmap with 32bpp with alpha-channel in the compatible DC;
// 3. Call the UpdateLayeredWindow.
IntPtr screenDc = Win32.GetDC(IntPtr.Zero);
IntPtr memDc = Win32.CreateCompatibleDC(screenDc);
IntPtr hBitmap = IntPtr.Zero;
IntPtr oldBitmap = IntPtr.Zero;
try
{
hBitmap = bitmap.GetHbitmap(Color.FromArgb(0));  // grab a GDI handle from this GDI+ bitmap
oldBitmap = Win32.SelectObject(memDc, hBitmap);
Win32.Size size = new Win32.Size(bitmap.Width, bitmap.Height);
Win32.Point pointSource = new Win32.Point(0, 0);
Win32.Point topPos = new Win32.Point(Left, Top);
Win32.BLENDFUNCTION blend = new Win32.BLENDFUNCTION();
blend.BlendOp = Win32.AC_SRC_OVER;
blend.BlendFlags = 0;
blend.SourceConstantAlpha = opacity;
blend.AlphaFormat = Win32.AC_SRC_ALPHA;
Win32.UpdateLayeredWindow(Handle, screenDc, ref topPos, ref size, 
memDc, ref pointSource, 0, ref blend, Win32.ULW_ALPHA); } finally { Win32.ReleaseDC(IntPtr.Zero, screenDc); if (hBitmap != IntPtr.Zero) { Win32.SelectObject(memDc, oldBitmap); Win32.DeleteObject(hBitmap); } Win32.DeleteDC(memDc); } }

OK,到此为止,我们需要的圆角、渐变的阴影,都有了!

第三部分:简单的换肤机制

大家可能已经注意到,上面的代码有一个名为 SkinOptions 的东西。为了实现皮肤参数的统一传递和包装,我实现了 SkinOptions 这个类,用于保存当前皮肤的所有参数信息。

/// <summary>
/// 皮肤风格参数
/// </summary>
public class SkinOptions : ICloneable
{
/// <summary>
/// 四边阴影的宽度。默认为 6。
/// </summary>
public int ShadowWidth = 6;
/// <summary>
/// 主背景圆角半径。最小值为 1,默认为 4。
/// </summary>
public int CornerRadius = 4;
/// <summary>
/// 界面整体透明度。值范围 0~255。
/// </summary>
public byte Opacity = 255;
/// <summary>
/// 边框宽度。默认为 1。
/// </summary>
public int BorderWidth = 1;
/// <summary>
/// 边框颜色
/// </summary>
public Color BorderColor = Color.FromArgb(255, 128, 128, 128);
/// <summary>
/// 四边阴影的颜色。[0]为阴影内沿颜色,[1]为阴影外沿颜色
/// </summary>
public Color[] ShadowColor = { Color.FromArgb(60, 0, 0, 0), Color.FromArgb(0, 0, 0, 0) };
/// <summary>
/// 圆角阴影的颜色。[0]为阴影内沿颜色,[1]为阴影外沿颜色。
/// 注:一般来讲,圆角阴影内沿的颜色应当比四边阴影内沿的颜色更深,才会有更好的显示效果。此值应当根据您的实际情况而定。
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>由于给扇面上渐变时,起点并不是准确的扇面内弧,因此扇面的内沿颜色可能应比四边的内沿颜色深</remarks>
public Color[] CornerColor = { Color.FromArgb(180, 0, 0, 0), Color.FromArgb(0, 0, 0, 0) };
/// <summary>
/// 高光颜色。[0]为高光边框左上角点的颜色,[1]为高光边框右下角的颜色
/// </summary>
public Color[] BorderHighlightColor = { Color.FromArgb(200, 255, 255, 255), Color.FromArgb(200, 255, 255, 255) };
/// <summary>
/// 高光过渡照射的角度。默认为“左下角到右上角对角线”的法线方向。
/// </summary>
public float BorderHighlightAngle = 45f;
/// <summary>
/// 背景高光。[0]为上下两端的颜色,[1]为中间高光的颜色
/// </summary>
public Color[] BackgroundHighlightColor = { Color.FromArgb(0, 255, 255, 255), Color.FromArgb(200, 255, 255, 255) };
/// <summary>
/// 窗体背景图
/// </summary>
public Image BackgroundImage
{
get
{
if (bgImg == null)
{
Bitmap defaultBmp = new Bitmap(200, 100);
using (Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(defaultBmp))
{
g.FillRectangle(SystemBrushes.Control, 0, 0, 200, 100);
g.DrawString("未设置背景图", new Font(new FontFamily("宋体"), 9), SystemBrushes.GrayText, 50, 45);
bgImg = defaultBmp;
}
this.BackgroundLayout = ImageLayout.Tile;
}
return bgImg;
}
set
{
//if (null == value) throw new Exception("窗体背景图不能为 null 值。");
bgImg = value;
}
}
private Image bgImg;
/// <summary>
/// 窗体背景图的显示方式
/// </summary>
public ImageLayout BackgroundLayout = ImageLayout.None;
public static SkinOptions NewOne
{
get
{
return new SkinOptions();
}
}
#region ICloneable 成员
public object Clone()
{
SkinOptions result = SkinOptions.NewOne;
result.BackgroundImage = (Image)this.BackgroundImage.Clone();
result.BackgroundLayout = this.BackgroundLayout;
result.BorderColor = this.BorderColor;
result.BorderWidth = this.BorderWidth;
result.CornerColor = (Color[])this.CornerColor.Clone();
result.CornerRadius = this.CornerRadius;
result.BorderHighlightAngle = this.BorderHighlightAngle;
result.BorderHighlightColor = (Color[])this.BorderHighlightColor.Clone();
result.BackgroundHighlightColor = (Color[])this.BackgroundHighlightColor.Clone();
result.Opacity = this.Opacity;
result.ShadowColor = (Color[])this.ShadowColor.Clone();
result.ShadowWidth = this.ShadowWidth;
return result;
}
#endregion
}
有了这个类,我就可以很简单地通过切换这个类的实例,从而达到换肤的目的:
/// <summary>
/// 应用新的皮肤风格(淡入淡出)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="newSkin">新皮肤风格。为 null 则取消皮肤</param>
public void ApplySkin(SkinOptions newSkin)
{
if (_isSkinChanging) return;
this._isSkinChanging = true;
Cursor oldCursor = this.Cursor;
this.Cursor = Cursors.WaitCursor;
SkinEventArgs e = new SkinEventArgs() {
Old = this.SkinOptions == null ? null : (SkinOptions)this.SkinOptions.Clone(),
New = newSkin == null ? null : (SkinOptions)newSkin.Clone()
};
// 触发皮肤切换之前的事件
if (OnSkinPreChange != null) { OnSkinPreChange(this, e); }
if (newSkin == null) { newSkin = SkinOptions.NewOne; }
this.SkinOptions = newSkin;
SynchronizationContext context = SynchronizationContext.Current;
SendOrPostCallback check = (a) =>
{
_isSkinChanging = false;
this.Cursor = oldCursor;
// 触发皮肤切换之后的事件
if (OnSkinChanged != null) { OnSkinChanged(this, e); }
};
// 淡入操作
SendOrPostCallback show = (a) =>
{
byte tmp = 0;
byte currentOpacity = newSkin.Opacity;
bufferdBackgroundImage = CreateBackground();
while (tmp < currentOpacity)
{
SetBitmap(bufferdBackgroundImage, tmp);
tmp += 5;
Thread.Sleep(5);
}
new Thread((sc) => { ((SynchronizationContext)sc).Post(check, null); }) { Name = "检查切换操作是否完毕" }.Start(context);
};
// 淡出操作
SendOrPostCallback hide = (a) =>
{
// 渐变因子
byte step = 10;
SkinOptions oldSkin = (SkinOptions)this.SkinOptions.Clone();
Bitmap oldbg = (Bitmap)bufferdBackgroundImage.Clone();
int currentOpacity = oldSkin.Opacity;
if (oldbg != null)
{
while (currentOpacity > step)
{
if (currentOpacity - (int)step <= 0) currentOpacity = step;
SetBitmap(oldbg, (byte)currentOpacity);
currentOpacity -= step;
Thread.Sleep(5);
}
}
new Thread((sc) => { ((SynchronizationContext)sc).Post(show, null); }) { Name = "淡入新皮肤" }.Start(context);
};
new Thread((sc) => { ((SynchronizationContext)sc).Post(hide, null); }) { Name = "淡出旧皮肤" }.Start(context);
}
private bool _isSkinChanging = false;

 

OK,到此为止,简单的换肤机制也完成了。

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