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像Google和Zappos这样的公司，以其‘拼命工作，尽情玩’的态度和亲善的工作环境而出名。但他们的员工也更健康吗？根据 Tel Aviv大学的研究表明，和同事有良好的关系能带来长远的健康好处。 Dr. Sharon Toker of the Department of Organizational Behavior at TAU's Leon Recanati Graduate School of Business Administration says that employees who believe that they have the personal support of their peers at work are more likely to live a longer life. "We spend most of our waking hours at work, and we don't have much time to meet our friends during the weekdays," explains Dr. Toker. "Work should be a place where people can get necessary emotional support." TA大学组织行为学系的Sharon Toker博士说道，相信能从同辈中得到帮助的员工更容易长寿。博士解释道，‘我们把大部分醒着的时间都用来工作了，我们没有太多的时间在工作日见朋友。工作场所应该成为人们能得到情感支持的地方。’ Dr. Toker and her TAU colleagues Prof. Arie Shirom and Yasmin Alkaly, along with Orit Jacobson and Ran Balicer from Clalit Healthcare Services, followed the health records of 820 adults who worked an average of 8.8 hours a day through a two-decade period. Those who had reported having low social support at work were 2.4 times more likely to die sometime within those 20 years, says Dr. Toker. Toker博士和他大学的同事Arie教授及Yasmin教授文联合了来自Clalit医疗服务中心的Orit 和Ran，一同对820名成人的医疗记录进行了跟踪。研究对象在20年里平均每天工作8.8小时。在这20年里，那些被报告在工作时得到低支持率的人有2.4倍的死亡可能性。 The study has been published in the journal Health Psychology. 此项研究被发布在健康心理学期刊上。 Reaching out 情感交流 820 study participants were drawn from adults aged 25 to 65 who came into their local HMO office for a routine check-up. Researchers controlled for various psychological, behavioral or physiological risk factors, such as smoking, obesity and depression, and administered a questionnaire to participants, who were drawn from a wide variety of professional fields including finance, health care and manufacturing. 820位研究参与者分别从25岁到65岁不等，并在当地的健康维系机构做一个常规体检。研究者控制各种精神或行为因素，例如吸烟、肥胖和抑郁，并且给参与者做了问卷调查以便了解其不同的职业背景，包括金融、医疗和制造业等。 Researchers asked about employees' relationships with their supervisors, and also assessed the subjects' evaluation of their peer relationships at work, and whether their peers were friendly and approachable, a reflection of emotional and professional support. Dr. Toker suspects that the perception of emotional support was the strongest indicator of future health. 研究者询问员工与其上司的关系，评估参与者对同事关系的评估，如他们是否友好、容易亲近，情感的反应和工作上的帮助。Toker博士怀疑情感支持这一说法是未来健康最强有力的指标。 During the course of the study, says Dr. Toker, 53 participants died, most of whom had negligible social connections with their co-workers. A lack of emotional support at work led to a 140% increased risk of dying in the next twenty years compared to those who reported supportive co-workers, she concluded. Toker博士说，在研究过程中，53位参与者去世，他们中的大多数人与他们的同事的关系很无关紧要。与那些在工作中得到支持的人比较，缺乏情感支持导致了未来20年死亡风险增长了140%。 While building a supportive environment for employees may seem intuitive, Dr. Toker says that many workplaces have lost their way. Despite open concept offices, many people use email rather than face-to-face communication, and social networking sites that may provide significant social connection are often blocked. Toker博士说，当为员工建立一个有支持性的环境似乎是理所当然的，但很多工作环境都不能做到。尽管在开放观念的办公室，人们还是用邮件交流更多过面对面交流，而提供巨大社会联系的社交网站可能常常被封。 How to make an office friendlier to your health? Dr. Toker suggests coffee corners where people can congregate to sit and talk; informal social outings for staff members; an internal virtual social network similar to Facebook; or a peer-assistance program where employees can confidentially discuss stresses and personal problems that may affect their position at work - anything that encourages employees to feel emotionally supported, she says. 如何让办公室变得更友善？Toker博士建议咖啡间是人们聚集在一起坐着说话的地方；让员工社会情感交流非正式化；像Facebook一样的内部虚拟的社交网络；同辈帮助活动，员工可以自信地讨论压力和个人问题。这些问题可以影响到他的工作。员工们被鼓励去感受情感支持。 Power burdens women, frees men 权力释放了男人，压迫了女人 The study also addressed "control issues" in the workplace, Dr. Toker says. Study participants were asked if they were able to take initiative at work and if they had the freedom to make their own decisions on how tasks should be accomplished. Results indicate that while men flourished when afforded more control over their daily work tasks, women with the same control had a shorter lifespan. Those women who reported that they had significant control over their tasks and workflow had a 70 percent increased risk of dying over the 20-year period. 研究还指出工作场所的‘控制问题’。 Toker博士说，研究参与者被问及他们是否能够在工作中积极主动，如果他们有自由决定工作任务该被如何完成的话，他们怎么做。结果表明，当男性在日常工作中被赋予更多自主时，他们是活跃的；同样情况，女性寿命会缩短。这些女性明显对她们的任务和工作流程有严格控制，她们在未来20年的死亡可能性也增加了70% In one sense, explains Dr. Toker, power at work is a good thing. "But there is a lot of responsibility on your shoulders," she adds. "If you have to make important decisions with no guidance, it can be stressful." Women in high power positions, she adds, may be overwhelmed with the need to be tough at work, and still be expected to maintain stressful duties when at home. Toker博士说，从某种意义上说，工作上的权力是件好事。她补充道，‘但是你的肩膀上就会有很多责任。如果你必须在没有指导的情况下作出重要的决策，那就会很有压力。’女性在权重的职位上时，可能需要变得很强硬，同时在家庭里也被期望能处理有压力的工作。 |
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