Windows SDK笔记(一):Windows程序基本结构
客户写一个消息处理函数,在窗口建立前,将消息处理函数与窗口关联。这样,每当有消息产生时,就会去调用这个消息处理函数。 LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (message) { case ... ... case ... ... } return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ; }
#include "stdafx.h" #include <windows.h> //一、消息处理函数 //参数:窗口句柄,消息,消息参数,消息参数 LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { //处理感兴趣的消息 switch (message) { case WM_DESTROY: //当用户关闭窗口,窗口销毁,程序需结束,发退出消息,以退出消息循环 PostQuitMessage (0) ; return 0 ; } //其他消息交给由系统提供的缺省处理函数 return ::DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ; } //二、应用程序主函数 //参数:实例句柄、前一个实例的句柄、命令行参数、窗口显示方式 int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow) { //1.注册窗口类 static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("HelloWin") ; //窗口类名称 //定制"窗口类"结构 WNDCLASS wndclass ; wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ; wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ; //关联消息处理函数 wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ; wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ; //实例句柄 wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ; //图标 wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ; //光标 wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH); //画刷 wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ; wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName; //类名称 //注册 if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass)) { MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("RegisterClass Fail!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ; return 0 ; } //建立窗口 HWND hwnd ; hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, //窗口类名称 TEXT ("The Hello Program"), //窗口标题 WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, //窗口风格 CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, hInstance, //实例句柄 NULL); ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ; UpdateWindow (hwnd) ; //消息循环 MSG msg ; while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) //从消息队列中取消息 { TranslateMessage (&msg) ; //转换消息 DispatchMessage (&msg) ; //派发消息 } return msg.wParam ; } Windows SDK笔记(二):在窗口上建立控件
//参数:窗口句柄,消息,消息参数,消息参数 LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { //处理感兴趣的消息 switch (message) { case WM_CREATE: CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), //控件"类名称" TEXT("按钮(&A)"), WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE |BS_PUSHBUTTON, 10, 10, 100, 100, hwnd, (HMENU)1000, //控件ID ((LPCREATESTRUCT) lParam)->hInstance, //实例句柄 NULL); return 0; case WM_DESTROY: //当用户关闭窗口,窗口销毁,程序需结束,发退出消息,以退出消息循环 PostQuitMessage (0) ; return 0 ; } //其他消息交给由系统提供的缺省处理函数 return ::DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ; }
typedef struct tagCREATESTRUCT { LPVOID lpCreateParams; HINSTANCE hInstance; //实例句柄 HMENU hMenu; HWND hwndParent; int cy; int cx; int y; int x; LONG style; LPCTSTR lpszName; LPCTSTR lpszClass; DWORD dwExStyle; } CREATESTRUCT, *LPCREATESTRUCT;
除了WM_COMMAND外,每种控件还有可能有其他的通知消息(如WM_DRAWITEM)。 2.父窗口需要控制控件时,向控件发控件消息。 3.备注:
2.外壳附带的公用控件 INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX icex;// Ensure that the common control DLL is loaded. icex.dwSize = sizeof(INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX); icex.dwICC = ICC_LISTVIEW_CLASSES; InitCommonControlsEx(&icex); HWND hWndListView =CreateWindowEx(0,WC_LISTVIEW, //WC_LISTVIEW不需要加引号 TEXT(""), WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE|WS_BORDER | LVS_ICON | LVS_EDITLABELS | WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE , 10, 10, 100, 100, hwnd, (HMENU)1000, //控件ID ((LPCREATESTRUCT) lParam)->hInstance, //实例句柄 NULL); } ANIMATE_CLASS DATETIMEPICK_CLASS HOTKEY_CLASS MONTHCAL_CLASS PROGRESS_CLASS REBARCLASSNAME STATUSCLASSNAME TOOLBARCLASSNAME TOOLTIPS_CLASS TRACKBAR_CLASS UPDOWN_CLASS WC_COMBOBOXEX WC_HEADER WC_IPADDRESS WC_LISTVIEW WC_PAGESCROLLER WC_TABCONTROL WC_TREEVIEW 3.特殊窗口 Windows SDK笔记(三):定制控件消息处理函数
LONG GetWindowLong( HWND hWnd, // handle to window int nIndex // offset of value to retrieve ); LONG SetWindowLong( HWND hWnd, // handle to window int nIndex, // offset of value to set LONG dwNewLong // new value ); 可以返回或设置以下内容:
OldMsgProc = (WNDPROC)SetWindowLong (hControlWnd, GWL_WNDPROC, (LONG)MyMsgProc); 将控件消息处理函数替换成MyMsgProc,原处理函数被OldMsgProc记录。 2.调用消息处理函数 LRESULT CallWindowProc( WNDPROC lpPrevWndFunc, // pointer to previous procedure HWND hWnd, // handle to window UINT Msg, // message WPARAM wParam, // first message parameter LPARAM lParam // second message parameter );
//记录原来处理函数的全局变量 WNDPROC OldMsgProc; //新消息处理函数 LRESULT MyMsgProc(HWND hwnd,UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch(message) { case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: ::MessageBox(NULL,"click!","",MB_OK); } //调用控件原来的消息处理函数 return CallWindowProc(OldMsgProc,hwnd,message,wParam,lParam); }
case WM_CREATE: { HWND hControlWnd = CreateWindowEx(0,"BUTTON", TEXT("按钮(&A)"), WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE|BS_PUSHBUTTON, 10, 10, 100, 100, hwnd, (HMENU)1000, //控件ID ((LPCREATESTRUCT) lParam)->hInstance, //实例句柄 NULL); //嵌入新的消息处理函数 OldMsgProc = (WNDPROC) SetWindowLong (hControlWnd, GWL_WNDPROC, (LONG)MyMsgProc); } return 0; Windows SDK笔记(四):模式对话框
//对话框消息处理函数 //返回值类型为BOOL,与普通窗口处理函数不同。 BOOL CALLBACK AboutDlgProc(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (message) { case WM_INITDIALOG : return TRUE ; //返回真,表示消息被处理了。 case WM_COMMAND : switch (LOWORD (wParam)) { case IDOK : case IDCANCEL : EndDialog (hDlg, 0) ; //使用EndDialog关闭对话框 return TRUE ; //返回真,表示消息被处理了。 } break ; } return FALSE ; ////返回假,表示消息未被用户处理,又缺省消息处理函数去处理。 }
INT_PTR DialogBox( HINSTANCE hInstance, // handle to module LPCTSTR lpTemplate, // dialog box template HWND hWndParent, // handle to owner window DLGPROC lpDialogFunc // dialog box procedure ); 例: case WM_COMMAND: switch(LOWORD(wParam)) { case ID_ABOUT: DialogBox (hinst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_ABOUT), hwnd, AboutDlgProc) ; break; } return 0;
if (DialogBox (hInstance, TEXT ("AboutBox"), hwnd, AboutDlgProc)) InvalidateRect (hwnd, NULL, TRUE) ; Windows SDK笔记(五):非模式对话框
hDlgModeless = CreateDialog ( hInstance, TEXT ("ColorScrDlg"), //对话框模板 hwnd, ColorScrDlg //对话框消息处理函数 );
while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { if (hDlgModeless == 0 || !IsDialogMessage (hDlgModeless, &msg)) { TranslateMessage (&msg) ; DispatchMessage (&msg) ; } }
DestroyWindow (hDlg); 用户关闭对话框时,对话框消息处理函数将收到WM_CLOSE消息,接到后调用DestroyWindow以销毁非模式对话框。 Windows SDK笔记(六):使用对话框资源建立窗口
我们知道,对话框是系统预先定义的“窗口类”,它有自己的窗口处理函数,我们自己写的对话框消息处理函数并不是真正的窗口消息处理函数。
HexCalc DIALOG -1, -1, 102, 122 STYLE WS_OVERLAPPED | WS_CAPTION | WS_SYSMENU | WS_MINIMIZEBOX CLASS "HexCalc" //填写上自己注册的类名称 CAPTION "Hex Calculator" { PUSHBUTTON "D", 68, 8, 24, 14, 14 PUSHBUTTON "A", 65, 8, 40, 14, 14 //各种控件 }
hwnd = CreateDialog ( hInstance, szAppName, //对话框模板 0, NULL) ; ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ; 其他各部分,都与普通窗口时相同(注册窗口类、消息循环等)。 Ⅱ.在对话框中建立自定义子窗口 可以自己定义控件,然后在对话框模板中使用
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ; wndclass.lpfnWndProc = SomeWndProc ; //对应的消息处理函数 wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ; wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ; wndclass.hIcon = NULL ; wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ; wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) (COLOR_BTNFACE + 1) ; wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ; wndclass.lpszClassName = TEXT ("SomeControl") ; ReGISterClass (&wndclass) ;
Windows SDK笔记(七):创建MDI窗口
//MDI框架窗口消息处理函数 LRESULT CALLBACK MDIFrameWndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { //... //其他消息交给由系统提供的缺省框架处理函数DefFrameProc //其中,第二个参数是客户区窗口句柄 return ::DefFrameProc (hwnd,hwndClient, message, wParam, lParam) ; } 2.注册多个MDI子窗口类、对应提供各MDI子窗口的消息处理函数 //MDI子窗口消息处理函数 LRESULT CALLBACK MDIChildWndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { //... //... //其他消息交给由系统提供的缺省MDI子窗口处理函数 return ::DefMDIChildProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ; } 3.在框架窗口的客户区建立MDI管理子窗口 在主窗口收到WM_CREATE消息后: case WM_CREATE: { hinst=((LPCREATESTRUCT) lParam)->hInstance; //填充CLIENTCREATESTRUCT结构 CLIENTCREATESTRUCT clientcreate ; clientcreate.hWindowMenu = hMenuInitWindow ; //用于添加窗口列表的菜单句柄 clientcreate.idFirstChild = 50000 ; //起始ID hwndClient =CreateWindowEx(0, "MDICLIENT", //类名称为"MDICLIENT" NULL, WS_CHILD |WS_CLIPCHILDREN| WS_VISIBLE, 0, 0, 0, 0, hwnd, (HMENU)1,//ID hinst, //实例句柄 &clientcreate); //参数 } return 0; 窗口的大小没有关系,缺省的框架窗口消息处理函数为让它覆盖整个客户区。
case ID_NEW: { MDICREATESTRUCT mdicreate; mdicreate.szClass = szMDIChildName ; //MDI子窗口的类名称 mdicreate.szTitle = TEXT ("Hello") ; mdicreate.hOwner = hinst ; mdicreate.x = CW_USEDEFAULT ; mdicreate.y = CW_USEDEFAULT ; mdicreate.cx = CW_USEDEFAULT ; mdicreate.cy = CW_USEDEFAULT ; mdicreate.style = 0 ; mdicreate.lParam = 0 ; SendMessage ( hwndClient, //MDI客户区窗口句柄 WM_MDICREATE, //创建MDI子窗口 0, (LPARAM) (LPMDICREATESTRUCT) &mdicreate //创建参数 ) ; } break;
while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { if (!TranslateMDISysAccel (hwndClient, &msg) && !TranslateAccelerator (hwndFrame, hAccel, &msg)) { TranslateMessage (&msg) ; DispatchMessage (&msg) ; } }
case WM_COMMAND: switch (LOWORD (wParam)) { //针对框架的命令 case ID_ONE: //... return 0; //针对MDI子窗口管理的命令 case IDM_WINDOW_TILE: SendMessage (hwndClient, WM_MDITILE, 0, 0) ; return 0 ; //针对子窗口的命令又子窗口去处理 default: hwndChild = (HWND) SendMessage (hwndClient, WM_MDIGETACTIVE, 0, 0) ; if (IsWindow (hwndChild)) SendMessage (hwndChild, WM_COMMAND, wParam, lParam) ; break ; //..and then to DefFrameProc } break ; //跳出针对WM_COMMAND的case分支,又DefFrameProc处理剩下的命令
case WM_COMMAND: switch (LOWORD (wParam)) { case IDM_WINDOW_TILE: SendMessage (hwndClient, WM_MDITILE, 0, 0) ; return 0 ; case IDM_WINDOW_CASCADE: SendMessage (hwndClient, WM_MDICASCADE, 0, 0) ; return 0 ; case IDM_WINDOW_ARRANGE: SendMessage (hwndClient, WM_MDIICONARRANGE, 0, 0) ; return 0; //... //... } break; 2.当前子窗口的关闭 如果用户直接按下子窗口的关闭按钮,则WM_CLOSE消息直接发送到了子窗口消息处理函数。 例如: case IDM_FILE_CLOSE: //获得当前激活窗口 hwndChild = (HWND) SendMessage (hwndClient, WM_MDIGETACTIVE, 0, 0); //询问通过后,销毁窗口 if (SendMessage (hwndChild, WM_QUERYENDSESSION, 0, 0)) SendMessage (hwndClient, WM_MDIDESTROY, (WPARAM) hwndChild, 0); return 0; 子窗口的消息处理函数中: LRESULT CALLBACK HelloWndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (message) { //... //... case WM_QUERYENDSESSION: case WM_CLOSE: if (IDOK != MessageBox (hwnd, TEXT ("OK to close window?"), TEXT ("Hello"), MB_ICONQUESTION | MB_OKCANCEL)) return 0 ; break ; // i.e., call DefMDIChildProc } return DefMDIChildProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ; } 3.关闭所有子窗口 case IDM_WINDOW_CLOSEALL: //针对所有子窗口执行CloseEnumProc EnumChildWindows (hwndClient, CloseEnumProc, 0) ; return 0 ; 枚举函数: BOOL CALLBACK CloseEnumProc (HWND hwnd, LPARAM lParam) { if (GetWindow (hwnd, GW_OWNER)) // Check for icon title return TRUE ; SendMessage (GetParent (hwnd), WM_MDIRESTORE, (WPARAM) hwnd, 0) ; if (!SendMessage (hwnd, WM_QUERYENDSESSION, 0, 0)) return TRUE ; SendMessage (GetParent (hwnd), WM_MDIDESTROY, (WPARAM) hwnd, 0) ; return TRUE ; }
case WM_MDIACTIVATE: //激活时,设置框架菜单 if (lParam == (LPARAM) hwnd) SendMessage (hwndClient, WM_MDISETMENU, (WPARAM) hMenuHello, (LPARAM) hMenuHelloWindow) ; //失去焦点时,将框架菜单还原 if (lParam != (LPARAM) hwnd) SendMessage (hwndClient, WM_MDISETMENU, (WPARAM) hMenuInit, (LPARAM) hMenuInitWindow) ; DrawMenuBar (hwndFrame) ; //注: hwndFrame的得到方法: //hwndClient = GetParent (hwnd) ; //hwndFrame = GetParent (hwndClient) ; return 0 ; |
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