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高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit17-18
☆重点句型☆ 1. What is to be done when something gets into your eyes? 2. It is much too expensive. 3. It's fast and clean and it does. 4. I was beginning to, think that the experiment would not work. 5. Tie the corner of the handkerchief to the points of the cross and you will have a nice strong kite. 6. It has often been said that life is difficult as it is. 7. For women it sometimes seems twice as much. 8. I had traveled only two hours one day when the winds increased so much that I had to put my tent up before the winds became too strong. ☆重点词汇☆ 1. scholarship n. 奖学金；学问 2. graduation n. 毕业 3. surround v. 包围；围绕 4. central adj. 中心的；中央的 5. mild adj. 温和的 6. settle vt. 使定居；解决；使平静 7. harbour n. 海港 8. volcano n. 火山 9. surface n. 表面 10. ship v. 用船运 11. export v. 输出 12. agricultural n. 农业的；农艺的 13. possession n. 拥有；占有 14. secretary n. 秘书；文书 15. conference n. 会议；讨论会 16. cattle n. 牛；牲畜 17. inspire v.鼓舞；启示；激发 18．admire v. 钦佩；羡慕 19. generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的 20. mean adj．吝啬的；卑鄙的 21. dishonest adj. 不诚实的 22. champion n. 冠军；得胜者 23. stormy adj. 暴风雨的 24. threaten vt. 威胁 25. bottom n. 底部 26. optimistic adj. 乐观的 27. somehow adv. 以某种方式；不知怎么地 28. regret v. 遗憾；悔恨 29. value v. 重视；评价 30. bother v. 烦扰；打扰
☆重点短语☆ 1. increase to... 增加到…… 2. become of sb. / sth. 某人 / 某物发生……情况 3. be about to do sth. 马上要做某事 4. struggle to one's knees 挣扎站起来 5. around the comer 即将来临；就在附近 6. refer to 涉及到；谈到；查阅 7. clear up (天气)放晴；整理 8. die down (风、火、光)等渐弱，(声音)静下来 9. come to terms with 甘心忍受，妥协 10. rise to fame 出名 11. take possession of 占有，占领 12. sign an agreement with 和……签定协议 13. turn to doing 转为做…… 14. in relation to 与……有关；关于 15. as it is 以现在的样子 16. lie in / to / on 位于…… 17. the majority of 大多数…… 18. at the top of one's voice 高声地 19. drop out 脱离；退出 20. compare...with 和……比较 短语闯关 下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据 汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才 能过关．你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我 们就开始吧? 1. (just) ____ the corner即将来临；在拐角处；就 在附近 2. die ____ 变弱；平息；消失 3. come ____ terms with 甘心忍受(不愉快的处 境)；妥协，让步 4. ____ possession of占有；占领 5. make ____ 组成，构成；编造；虚构 6. turn ____ 开始干；求助于；转向；翻到多少页 7. go ____ 驾船航行；进行帆船运动 8. go ____ 宿营 9. ____ high quality质量很高 10. sign an ____ with与……签订协议 11. have a population ____有多少人口 12. ____ relation to关于；涉及；与……有关 13. rise to ____ 出名 14. drop ____下沉；沉落；掉落；退出；不参加 15. be thankful ____ 因……感谢 16. ____ the top of one's voice高声地 17. be ____ good health身体状况良好 18. struggle ____ one's knees / feet 挣扎着站起来 19. struggle ____ 挣扎着渡过(难关) 20. blow ____ 吹走 21. become ____ 某人(某事物)发生……情况； ……怎么对立 22. be known ____ 因……而著名 23. ____ far到目前为止 24. hang ____ 紧紧握住某物 25. be marked ____ 以……为特征 ☆交际用语☆ 1. She seems to me to be the kind of women who... 2. The impression she makes on me is... 3. I think she is the kind of person who... 4. It has often been said that life is difficult as it is. 5. It sometimes seems twice as difficult. 6. New Zealand is an important agricultural country, with cattle farming on the North Isle. 7. Some farmers have turned to keeping deer. ☆单词聚焦☆ 【考点2】admire 的用法 ▲ 构词： ① admiration n. 钦佩，赞美，羡慕 ② admirer n. 羡慕者，赞赏者，敬慕者 ▲ 搭配： ① admire sb. for sth. 赞赏／钦佩某人…… ② express admiration for 对……表示钦佩 ③ in admiration of 赞美，赏识 ④ with admiration 羡慕地 【考例2】[NMET 1993] And Mrs. Clarke was greatly ____ at the club for the successful self-protectton. A. surprised B. admired C. inspired D. supported [考查目标] 本题考查admire的词义。 [答案与解析]B 这句话说的是“由于Mrs. Clarke的 自我保护行为，她得到了人们的尊重”。 【考点7】affect 的用法 ▲ 构词： ① affection n. 友爱，爱情 ② affective adj. 情感的．表达感情的 ③ affected adj. 受到影响的，受(疾病)侵袭的，假装 的，做作的 ▲ 搭配: be affected by 受……影响；被……感动；患 【考例7】[2005成都模拟] He probably didn't know how much the car was going to ____ American culture. A. affect B. afford C. effort D. effect [考查目标] 本题考查affect的词义。 [答案与解析]A affect 具有动词词性词义是“影响”， 它的名词形式是effecy。 【考点5】bear 的用法 ▲ 搭配：bear in mind牢记在心 ▲ 辨析：bear; suffer; endure; stand 这组动词都有“忍受”的意思。 bear 和 suffer 可以表示“对强加的任何东西的忍受”， bear 侧重于表示“忍受沉重或堆办的事”。而suffer侧 重于表示“忍受或经受令人不愉快的、甚至于痛苦的 事”。例如： In the end, I could not bear it. 最后，我受不了啦。 When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a ciga— rette, it was more than I could bear. 当老朋友布赖恩怂 恿我接受一支香烟时，我就受不住了。 endure 强调“长时间的忍受痛苦而不屈服”。例如： What can't be cured must be endured. 治不好的病就必 须忍受。 Travelers in space have to endure many discomforts in their rockets. 宇宙旅行家不得不在火箭中忍受许多不 舒适的东西。 stand 表示“忍受令人生厌的事”。例如： Considering his home situation, he had to tolerate his wife. 考虑到家中的情形，他不得不忍让妻子。 stand 常与 bear 通用，如果用词确切，stand 总包含着 “不退让”、“不畏缩”的“忍受”之意。例如： He can stand more pain than anyone else I know. 他比 我认识的任何人都更能忍受痛苦。 He stood the test of war. 他经受住了战争的考验。 【考例5】[NMET 1999] Harry Fields also studying bi— ology said they wanted to make as much noise as possl- ble t0 force the government officials to realize what everybody was having to ____. A. stand B. accept C. know D. share [考查目标] 本题考查bear的近义词stand的词义用法。 [答案与解析]A bear和stand在很多场合可以换用， 意思是“忍受，经得起”。 3. inspire vt. 鼓舞，激励，启示 inspiring 鼓舞人心的 His advice insoired her to greater efforts. 他的忠告激励她更加努力。 The memory of her childhood inspired her first novel. 儿时的回忆促使她写成第一本小说。 [词组] inspire sb. to sth. 赋予某人灵感 【考点4】promise的用法 ▲ 构词：promising adj. 有希望的，有前途的 ▲ 搭配： ① break one's / a promise 违背诺言，违约 ② make / give a promlse 答应，许诺 ③ keep one's / a promise遵守诺言，守约 ④ I promise you. 我敢肯定；说句老实话；我警告你。 ⑤ promise oneself决心，指望，期待 ⑥ promise well 很有希望，前景很好 【考例4】[2004湖南]I drove Dad into Mijas, and ____ to pick him up at 4 pm, then dropped off the car at the garage. A. agreed B. planned C. determined D. promised [考查目标] 本题考查promise的词义。 [答案与解析] D 从上下文来看，这句话说的不是“同 意”或“决心”而是“答应”、“许诺”。 4. regret vi. 遗憾，惋惜，悔恨 n. 遗憾，抱歉 regretful adj. 后悔的 I regret to do sth. 遗憾地做某事 I regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事 I regret spending so much money on a computer. 我后悔花了这么多钱买这台电脑。 How I regretted having wasted so much time playing. 我多么后悔把许多时间都浪费在玩上。 I regret to say I can not come. 我遗感地告诉你我不能来。 【考点3】regret 的用法 ▲ 构词： ① regretful adj. 后悔的，抱歉的，惋惜的，遗憾的 ② regretfully adv. 懊悔地，抱歉地 ③ regretless adj. 无悔的，不后悔的，没有遗憾的 ▲ 搭配： ① to one's regret 令某人遗憾的是 ② regret (to tell you / say) that... 遗憾……；很抱歉 ③ It is to be regretted that... 使人遗憾的是……；真可 惜…… ④ regret doing sth 后悔干了某事 【考例3】[2004重庆] This scar will be lasting, but to this day, I have never ____ what I did. A. forgot B. recognized C. considered D. regretted [考查目标] 本题考查 regret 的词义。 [答案与解析] D regret 的意思是“后悔”。从本句的 句意可以看出，主人公对过去的事始终不后悔。 【考点1】run 的用法 ▲ 构词： ① running n. 奔跑，赛跑。转动．运转 ② runner n. 赛跑者 ▲ 搭配： ① run for 竞选 ② run sb off sb's feet 使疲于奔命 ③ run across 偶然遇到 ④ run after 追逐，追踪 ⑤ run into 碰撞；遇上．偶然遇到；陷于。碰上(困境、麻 烦等) ⑥ run out 用光，耗尽(不及物) ⑦ run out of 用光／耗尽…… 【考例1】[2004北京] All we did during practice was ____. A. jump B. play C. run D. shoot [考查目标] 本题考查run的词义。 [答案与解析]C 在本句中run作was的表语。这是 一个与上文承接的细节。 2. settle vi. 安放，安居，定居 vt. 解决 My son has settled in Beijing. 我儿子已定居在北京。 After years 0{travelling, they decided to settle down here. 旅行多年以后，他们决定定居下来。 They settled the dispute among themselves. 他们自己把这个争论解决了。 [词组] settle down 安下心来 settle into 习惯于 settle up 结清 【考点6】settle的用法 ▲ 构词： ① settled adj. 固定的，不变的，永久的；(账单上)付讫． 结讫 ② settlement n. 殖民，移民；定居点；和解，解决，决 定；清算，清账；财产的赠与 ③settler n. 定居者 ▲ 搭配： ① That settles it! (口)事情就这样定了!这就完了! ② settle down (使)平静下来；(活动一段时间后)舒舒 服服地坐下，躺下；定居。成家 ③s ettle (down) to sth 安下心来做某事 ④ settle to do sth 决定去做某事 【考例6】[2004辽宁]..., and laws had to be made to protect the water rights of the ____ and the use of the water resources accordingly． A. winners B. settlers C. fighters D. supporters [考查目标] 本题考查 settle 派生词的用法。 [答案与解析]B settle的名词形式之一是settler，意思 是“定居者”。 1.surround vt. 包围，环绕 be surrounded by / with 被……围住 The village is surrounded on all sides by hill. 这个村子四面环山。 She has always been surrounded with fashionable friends. 她周围总有许多爱赶时髦的朋友。 [拓展] surrounding adj. 附近的；四周的 The students in our school come from the surrounding area. 我们学校的学生来自周边地区。 surroundings n. 常用复数形式，意为“环境”。 The surroundings a child grows up in may have an effect on his development. 小孩生长的环境会影响他的发展。 5. value n. 价值；重要性 You must realise the value of the dictionary. 你必须意识到这本字典的重要性。 be of (no) value 有(无)价值 [拓展] value n. 评价，重视，珍视，估价 How do you value him as a teacher? 照你的评价他是个怎样的老师? We valued the house at $30,000. 我们估计这栋房子值3万美元。 I value your friendship very highly. 我非常珍惜你的友谊。 [牛刀小试1] 用所给单词的适当形式填空： (run, admire, regret, bear, promise, settle, affect) 1. The noise was so great that most of the children couldn't ____. 2. --Jackie won't come to see you this afternoon. -- But he ____. 3. The company my cousin ____ was closed last year, leaving a lot of debt. 4. I only ____ that I have too little money to buy a house for you. 5. A group of tourists from Taiwan ____ the view when it began to rain. 6. At last they in the west of America and started their hard life. 7. It is the bad weather that __ the goats' life in this area. ☆词语比较☆ 1. jommey, voyage, tour, travel, trip (1) journey n. “旅行，旅程”，指陆地的远程旅行。 At first I was afraid the long joumey was too much for her. I wish you a good journey. 祝你一路平安。 (2) tour n. 常指观光、考察等的环游旅行。 They fire on a wedding tour. 他们正在新婚旅行。 (3) trip n. “旅行”，指来往有定的短距离旅行。 I enjoy our trip to the seaside. I can't afford a trip to Korea． (4) voyage n.“旅行”，指距离较长的漫长旅行，也可 指空中旅行。 He made a long voyage t0 Africa． (5) travel泛指旅行各地，表示“旅行的路途远，时问 长”。 He came home after years 0f foreign travel. 多年在旧外旅行之后他回来r。 2. alone, lonely (1) alone 既可用作形容词，又可用作副词，意为“独 自的(地)，单独的(地)”，侧重于说明独自一个人，没 有同伴或助手，指的是客观情况。 ① alone 用作形容词时，一般与be动词连用，在句中 作表语。例如： She is alone at home. 她一个人在家。 He is not alone in this idea. 有这种想法的不只是他一个人。 ② alone 用作副词时，修饰动词，放于动词后面作状 语。 Han Mei was reading alone when the teacher came into the classroom. ③ alone用作副词也可作定语，意为“只有，仅仅”，但 必须置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后。 He alone was in the street. This year alone, we've already planted ten thousand trees. (2) lonely只用作形容词，它在句中既可作定语，又可 作表语，表示“孤独的，寂寞的”意思，该词带有浓厚 的感情色彩，具有“渴望得到同伴”的含义，其比较级 形式为lonelier。 ① lonely 用作定语时，意为“孤单的，无伴侣的，荒凉 的，偏僻的”。 At heart, I'm a lonely man. 内心深处，我很孤独。 That's a lonely island. 那足个孤岛。 ② lonely用作表语时，可以表示“孤寂的，寂寞的”意 思。 We never feel lonely in America. 在美国我们从不觉得孤独。 I was alone, but I didn't feel lonely. 我独自一人，但我并不感到孤独。 3. almost, nearly (1) almost一般指事实的陈述，而nearly则带有一定 的感情色彩。 The book cost me almost 30 yuan. (只陈述事实) The honk costme nearly 30 yuan. (指嫌贵的意思) (2) almost 后可跟never, no, none, nobody, nothing 等具有否定意义的词，而nearly不能。 Almost noone got to school on time yesterday. (3) 在more than, any, too之前通常用almost，而不 用nearly。 Almost more than ten students failed in the exam. 不及格的学生几乎不止十个。 (4) nearly之前可用very, not, pretty修饰，而almast 则不能。 It's very nearly dark. Let's go home. 灭怏黑了，咱们刚家吧! [注意] 有时almost与nearly町以互换，但如果要表 达“差一点儿”，还足用almost确切。 【短语归类】 7. around the corner 就在附近，即将来临，发生 Victory is just around the comer; make one more effort. 胜利即将来临，再努一把力。 The bank is around the comer, you can't miss it. 银行就在附近，你不会错过它的。 [拓展] cut corners 偷工减料 cut the corner 抄近路 6. die down 变弱，渐熄，逐渐消失 The excitement died down as time went by. 随着时间的过去，激动心情渐渐平息下来。 The noise has died down. 喧闹声小下来了。 The wind has died down obviously. 风已明显减弱了。 [拓展] die out 死光，灭绝，消失 The fire died out. 火灭了。 die away 指(风，声音) 逐渐消失 The noises of the bovs died away. 男孩子们的吵闹声消失了。 die for 为……而死；渴望；切望 【考点l】含"make + 介词／副词”的短语 ① make for 走向，有助于 ② make into 把……制成 ③ be made from / of / in / by / out of 由……制成 ④ make up 弥补，拼凑成，组成，铺(床)。捏造．虚构 ⑤ make out 填写，完成，设法应付，领悟，弄明白，发现 真相 ⑥ make over 转让，改造 [例句] How did he make out while his wife was away? 他妻子不在家时他足怎么生活的? We made up the bed in the spare room for our guest. 我 们在空着的房间里给客人铺好床。 I couldn't remember a story to tell the children, so I made one up as I went along. 我想不出有什么故事可给 孩子讲了，只好现编现讲。 We are making our attic into an extra bedroom. 我们正 在把阁楼装成一间额外的卧室。 Constant arguing doesn't make for a happy marriage. 经 常争吵不利于维系美满的婚姻。 【考例1】(2003北京春招) The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to ____. A. make it out B. make it off C. make it up D. make it over [考查目标] 此题主要考查四个短语的意思。 [答案与解析]A make out领悟。弄明白。发现真相； make off连忙跑掉；make up弥补。打扮，组成；make over转让，改造。本句意为：因为受到迷惑。所以应该试 图发现真相。 9. make up 组成，构成，补充，编造 The workers and peasants make up the majority of the populationn of our country. 工人和农民占我国人口的大多数。 We must make up his loss somehow. 我们必须想办法弥补他的损失。 The whole story is made up. 这个事情完全是虚构出来的。 The actor made himself uD as an old peasant. 这个演员把自己化装成一个老农民。 8. take up 对……产生兴趣；从事；占用 Her time is fully taken uD with writing. 她的时间完全被写作占满了。 This table takes uD too much room. 这张桌子太占地方。 [拓展] bring up 抚养，教育come up 上来，抬头 eat up 吃光 end up 结束 keep up 保持 make up 组成，弥补 pick up 拣起 put up 张贴 stay up 熬 夜，挺住 set up 建立 turn up 出现 wake up 醒来 【考点2】含 “with构成的动词短语” ① be fed up with 厌倦 ③ be filled with 充满 ③ catch up with 赶上 ④ come up with 找到，提出(答案、解决办法等) ⑤ get on well with 与……相处融洽 ⑥ quarrel with 吵架 ⑦ stay / keep / be in touch with 与……保持联系 ⑧ end up with 以……告终 ⑨ keep up with 跟上，赶上 ⑩ come to terms with 甘心忍受。使自己顺从于某事物⑨ talk with 与某人交谈 ⑥ agree with 同意……意见(想法)，符合，一致 ⑩ disagree with 不同意 ⑩ struggle / fight with 和……战斗／斗争 ⑩ work with 用……干，和……工作 ⑩ put up with 忍受 [例句] Filled with smoke, the room is not pleasant to stay in. 房间里烟雾弥漫，在里面呆着不舒服。 She came up with a new idea for increasing sales. 她想 出了增加销售量的新主意。 You'll just have to come to terms with the fact that you are fired. 你不得不接受的现实情况是你被解雇了。 The child was fed up with listening to tim same story. 孩子厌烦听同一个故事。 I can't keep up with all the changes in computer tech- nology．计算机技术的各种改进有些我已经跟不上了。 【考例2】(2001京、蒙、皖春招)Would you slow down a bit, please? I can't ____ you. A. keep up with B. put up with C. make up to D. hold on to [考查目标] 此题主要考查四个短语的意思。 [答案与解析]A keep up with 跟上；put up with 忍 受；make up to 是错误搭配；hold on to 坚持。本句话意 思是“请你慢一点儿好吗?我跟不上”。 【考点3】含“动词构成的of短语” ① be afraid of 害怕 ② be proud of 以……自豪 ③ be full of 充满 ④ hear of 听说 ⑤ make use of 利用 ⑥ speak highly of 称赞 ⑦ think highly of 对……高度评价 ⑧ take care of 照顾，照料 ⑨ think of 认为，想起 ⑩ take possession of 占有，占领 ⑩ be sure of 对……有把握 ⑩ rob...of... 抢劫…… ⑩ think of...a...认为……是…… [例句]I didn't menti’on it because I was afraid of upset— ting him. 我没有提起那件事，因为我怕他心烦意乱。 He felt very proud of having a friend with such noble ideas. 他非常自豪的是有这样一位思想高尚的朋友。 Make full use of every chance you have to speak Eng— lish. 要充分利用一切机会说英语。 His work is highly thought of by the critics. 他的作品 深受评论家推崇。 I did think of resigning, but I decided not to. 我原来确 实打算辞职，但后来打消了这个念头。 【考例3】(NMET 1988) The passengers were robbed ____ all their money． A. of B. off C. from D. away [考查目标] 此题主要考查 rob的 用法。 [答案与解析]A rob 构成短语rob sb. of sth“抢夺某人 的东西”。 [牛刀小试2] 在下列句子的空白处填上适当的介词或副词： 1. In Britain today women make ____ 44% of the workforce, and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work. 2. They were standing so far away that 1 couldn't make ____ their faces clearly. 3. -- What do you think ____ Andrew? -- There are some things that are not easy to put ____ ____, and his coldness is one. 4. In order to improve her skill, she make full use ____ her chance to practise. 5.-- What do you think of Linna? -- She is a good person that is easy to get ____ ____. ☆句型诠释☆ 1. It has often been said that life is difficult as it is 人们经常说生活本身是很艰难的。 (1)It is said that...是常见句型，意思是“据说；人们 说”，类似的结构还有： It is thought that / It is reported that / It is believed that / It is hoped that... 此句型也可变成sb. is said to do sth. (2) as it is是固定结构，表示“根据现在情况看；就以 现在这个样子”，常用于句子开头或结尾。 I thought things would get better, but as it is they were getting worse. 我当初以为情况会好起来的，但事实上：却是每况愈 下。 2. Talk about the reasons why we admire great women. 淡一谈为什么我们崇拜伟大女性的原因。 why we admire great women 是同位语从句，用来解 释说明reasons。充当同位语从句的连接词的不仅仅 只有that。whether, when, where, how, why都可用来引导同位语从句。 He can't answer the question how hc got the money. I have no idea when he will he back. The suggestion where we should build our new factory should be considered. We must face the fact that we had spent all the money. 同位语从句前的名词在从句中不作任何成分。 3. For women it sometimes seems twice as difficult. 对女人而言，这种困难要大两倍。 英语中倍数的表达经常用下列例句中的几种办法： (1) 倍数 + (形 / 副) 比较级 + than… This hall is five times bigger than ours. The car runs twice faster than the truck. (2)倍数 + as + (形 / 副) 原级 + as... Asia is four times as large as Europe. The plane flew ten times as high as the kite. (3) 倍数 + the size (length / width / height...) + of This street is four times the length of that one. The hill is twice the height of that hill. 4. I found myself spending a whole day in my tent. 我发现自己在帐篷里度过一整天了。 find oneself...意思是“发现自己(处于某种状态)；不 知不觉地”，后面跟动词的-ing形式短语、过去分词 短语、介词短语作宾语补足语，常见的有这种用法的 动}司有：see / watch / catch / notice / hear / listen to / feel等。 I found myself in hospital when I woke up. Then I found myself surrounded by a group of boys. When I came in, I found him &ring his homework. 5. New Zealand is an important agricultural country, with cattle farming on the North Isled, while the hilly South Island has more sheep farms. 新两兰是一个重要的农业国家，北部养牛，而南部 山区养羊居多。 with + 名词 + 现在分词／过去分词／介词短语 /副词／ 动词不定式／形容测构成 with 的复合结构，这种结 构通常在句子中作定语或状语，作状语时，表伴随 状况或原因。 He likes sleeping with the windows open. He gave his seat to a woman with a baby in her arms. With Tom to help us we're sure to complete the task. He stood there with a group of children surrouilding him. With a lot of difficult problems to be settled, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. 【句型归纳】 【考点l】What has become of her. 她的情况怎么样了? 该句中的 become of 常常构成这样的同定句型。例如： What has become of the injured driver? 那位受伤的司 机情况怎么样了? “What has / will become of sth / sb?”means“what happened / will happen to sth / sb?” 意思是“某人、某物情况(遭遇)怎么样了?”例如： What will become of her children if their mother dies? 如果他们的妈妈死了，这些孩子们的遭遇将会如何? 【考例】】What would ____ my child if I were on business? A. look after B. care about C. become of D. attend [考查目标] 考查动词短语。 [答案与解析] C 根据句子的意思是“如果我去出差， 我的孩子情况会怎么样呢?”应该填hecome of。 【考点2】On the third day I was struggling through stormy weather and during the next week the wind grew stronger and I found myself spending a whole day in my tent. 第三天，我与暴风雨天气拼搏。接下来的星期里， 风刮得越发猛烈了，我只好整天呆在帐篷里。 该句中的grow常常作系动词，意思是“逐渐变得”。例 如： The music grew faint as the band marched away. 音乐 随着乐队走远而渐渐减弱。 系动词常常分为五类：① 有be；② 感官：feel, smile, taste, look, sound；③ 变化：become, grow, get, turn, go, fall, come；④ 好像：appear, look, seemt ⑤ 保持： keep, remain, stay, lie等等，系动词没有被动语态。很 少用进行时态。例如： Please keep still while taking photos. 照相时，请保持安 静。 The mixture tasted very terrible. 这种混合物尝起来很 可怕。 【考例2】(2004湖北) On hearing the news of the acei— dent in the coal mine, she ____ pale. A. got B. changed C. went D. appeared [考查目标] 考查系动词。 [答案与解析] C A是持续变化过程；B是实义动词， 后面不接形容词；D是表面是这样而事实并非如此；C 是情况由好变坏。故选C。 【考点3】I had fallen into a hole and was hanging on the ropes tied to the sled. 我掉进了雪洞，挂在绑着雪橇的 绳索上。 该句中的tied作定语。例如： This is the latest book written by the famous professor — Stephen Hawking. 这就是那位著名的教授--斯 带芬?霍金--最新出版的书。 【考例3】(2004浙江) Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacluring and Mining Company, ____ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known [考查目标] v-ed作定语。 [答案与解析]B 过去分词作定语，表示过去分词与所 修饰名词为被动关系。 【考点4】Oprah Winfrey is not just a very successful TV personality in the US, she is also a woman who has in- spired millions．欧普拉?温弗丽不仅仅是美国一位成 功的电视名人，而且还是位鼓舞了千百万人的女性。 该句中的not just / only...(but) also... 为并列连词。连 接两个简单句。例如： Singers of the country music do not just come from the States also from all over the world. 乡村音乐的歌手不 仅仅来自美国，而且来自世界各地。 注意：在并列连词not just / only...(but)also...连接同 等的句子成分，如果连接两个名词或代词作主语，谓语 动词要与后面的名词或代词保持一致。如果连接两个 分句，第一分句需要部分倒装。例如： Not only Mr. Smith but also his children were invited to New Year's Party. 不但是史密斯先生，而且他的孩子 们都受邀请出席了新年晚会。 Shakespeare was not only a writer but also an actor. 莎 士比亚不仅是位作家．而且是演员。 Not only is he fond of doing exercises but also his wife joins him in it. 不仅是他喜欢运动，而且他的妻子也喜 欢与他一起运动。 【考例4】(2002上海春招) Not only ____ interested In football but ____ beginning to show an interest in it． A. the teacher himself is; all his students are B. the teacher himself is; are all his students C. is the teacher himself; are a11 his students D. is the teacher himself; all his students are [考查目标] not just / only...(but)also...一的部分倒装。 [答案与解析]D 根据以上的解释，第一分句需要部分 倒装。第二分句不需要倒装。 【考点5】New Zealand wine is of high quality and is sold aIJ over the world. 新西兰的酒质量很高。畅销全世界。 该句中的be + of + n. 为一个固定结构。例如： I think listening to English every day is of great help to learners. 我认为每天听英语，对初学者来说，非常有帮 助。 be + of + n. 意思是“具有……”。其中的名词多为抽象 名词，如: use，help，importance等；这时be+ of + n. = be + adj. (相对应的形容词)。名词也可以为具体名 词．如：age, weight, height, length, width, size。这种 结构在句中可以作表语、定语或宾语补足语。例如： The suggestion he made at the meeting is of great use. (作表语) 他在会上提的建议很有用。 The young guy of average height is our new chemistry teacher. (作定语)那位中等身材的年轻人是我们的新 化学老师。 We found the dictionary of no use. (作定语)我们发现 这本字典根本没用。 【考例5】(NMET 1998) You'll find this map of great ____ in helping you to get round London． A. price B. cost C. value D. useful [考查目标]be + of + n. 作宾语补足语。 [答案与解析]C 根据句子的意思“你会发现在你在伦 敦转的时候，这张地图很有价值”。所以选value。 [牛刀小试3] 1. Don't use words, expressions, or phrases ____ only to people with specific knowledge. (2004 上海) A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 2. I don't know what will ____ us if the company gocs bankrupt (破产). A. happen B. strike at C. become of D. occur 3. I wonder ____ became ____ the neighbor who lived next door. A, what; to B. what; of C. if; of D. whether; to 4. Do you think the lecture is ____ to students be- fore NMET comes? A. very help B. very helpful C. great helpful D. whether helpful 5. ____ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. (2004 上海) A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring 【交际速成】 【考点1】Describing people描述人物 (2005北京东城) -- Do you like Nack? Yes, Nack is good, kind, hard-working and intelli- gent; ____, I can't speak too highly of him. A. as a result B. in a word C. by the way D. on the contrary [答案与解析]B 本题考查在描述人物的语境中短语 的正确使用。根据所提供的情景“ Ican't speak too highly of him.”(我无论怎么称赞他都不为过)可判断 B项符合语境。 【归纳】当描述人物时．英语中常见表达方式有： ① She seems to me to be the kind of woman who... ② The impression she makes on me is... ③ I think she is the kind of person who--. ④ She could be... ⑤ She looks as if... ⑥ She might be... ⑦ You can see that... ⑧ People like her.-. ⑨ She doesn't seem'" ⑩ It is (not) like him to do... 他做某事(不)与他这个人的风格相称。例如： It was just Iike him to think of himself first. 凡事都先 考虑他自己，这就是他的作风。 【考点2】Describing location and direction 描述方位和方 向 -- Can you tell me about Shanghai, l.iu Mei? -- Of course. Shanghai lies ____ the west of the Pa cific Ocean, where you can't find many islands ____ the coast. A. on; off B. to; along C. in; off D. on; along [答案与解析]A本题考查描述方位和方向的正确表 达方法。on the west of，在……的西面(强调接壤)，Dff the (east) coast 在(东部)沿海，所以A项正确。 【归纳】英语中描述方位和方向的表达方式有： ① It is / lies in the north / south / east / west of...它位 于……的北部／南部／东部／西部(表在某范围内) ② It is / lies to the north / south / east / west of...它 位于……的北面／南面／东面／西面／(表在某范围之 外) ③ It is / lies on the north / south / east / west of... 它 位于……的北面／南面／东面／西面／(表接壤) ④ It is / lies in the northern / sourhern / eastern / western part of… ⑤ It's / lies in the northeastern／northwestern / south— eastern / southwestern Sichuan… [牛刀小试4] 1. There are many islands ____ the northwest coast of Scotland, which lies ____ the north of Eng- land. m. to; on B. on; to C. off; in D. off; to 2. -- Ann has ____; you can't trust her with any secrets. -- Really? Then I will be more careful next time. A. quick mouth B. big mouth C. a poor mouth D. a big mouth 3.-- What do you think of the picture ____ left? -- I must say it is really very good. A. of B. on C. in D. at 4. -- What is your new teacher like? -- ____. A. She likes singing' B. She doesn't like sports C. She seems very kind to us D. She's fallen ill ☆精典题例☆ ( ) 1. -- Do you like ____ here? -- Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. (NMET 2004) A. this B. these C. that D. it 【解析】选D 本题考查it的特殊用法，it在这里指 模糊的情形、环境、状况。其余代词指具体事物、 ( ) 2. ____ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend. (2004 北京) A. With B. Besides C. As for D. Because of 【解析】选A 本题考查with结构的用法，在句中 with结构作状语． ( ) 3. For the sake of her daughter's health, she decided to move to a warm ____. A. weather B. temperature C. season D. climate 【解析】选D 这道题考查几个名词的用法，句意是 “为了女儿的健康，她决定搬迁到气候比较温暖的地方 去”，weather泛指气候或天气，是不可数名词，而climate 则强调某个地区的天气或气候。 ( ) 4. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ____ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 【解析】选B 这道题考查find的用法，动词find后 面经常跟形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语作宾语补 足语，跟现在分词和过去分词的区别在于：前者表示主动 和动作持续进行，后者表示被动和动作已经完成，当主语 十谓语+宾语+宾语补足语变为被动语态时，宾语补足语 就成为主语补足语。 ( ) 5. All the employees except the manager ____ to work online at home. (2004 广东) A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged 【解析】选D 本题考查主谓一致与时态，本句的主 语是employees。 ( ) 6. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___ yet. (2003 上海春招) A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided 【解析】选D 由what，who，why，how，when等 “wh-”引导的名词性分句作主语时，其后的谓语动词用单 数．两个由and连接的并列名词性分句如果表示一件事 情．谓语动词要用单数。 ( ) 7. The flu is believed ____ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. (2004 上海) A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused 【解析】选C 根据flu和介词by可知应该用被动语 态，所以排除A、D项，再根据is believed，可知C项为最佳 选项，因为sth. is believed / considere / thought是英语中 的一种常见句式。 ( ) 8. There were dirty marks on her trousers she had wiped her hands. (2004 全国) A. where B. which C. when D. that 【解析】选A 本题考查定语从句的关系词，本句意 思为“在她的裤子上，她擦过手的地方，有脏脏的印记”。 where在其引导的定语从句在句中作地点状语。 ( ) 9. Don't leave the water ____ while you brush your teeth. (2004 天津) A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 【解析】选B 本句考查leave + 名词 + 现在分词／过 去分词结构，水流出来属于主动行为，所以要用runniikg。 ( ) 10. -- Is this raincoat yours? -- No, mine ____ there behind the door. A. hangs B. has hung C. is hanging D. hung 【解析】选C 这道题考查动词hang的用法，当hang 作“悬挂着，吊着”讲时，为不及物动词，现在进行时强调动 作的暂时性．答案为C。 |
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