Socket是应用层与TCP/IP协议簇通信的中间层,可以看作提供给应用层所用的接口。 Python中,主要用socket.socket([family[, type[, proto]]])方法来创建一个socket实例,相关参数说明: family - 套接字地址结构,有AF_INET、AF_INET6和AF_UNIX。 type - 数据传输的类型,广泛使用的有SOCK_STREAM(数据流)和SOCK_DGRAM(数据报文),SOCK_STREAM是面向连接的,SOCK_DGRAM是无连接的,如ATM和TCP协议属于SOCK_STREAM类型,而IRDA和UDP协议属于SOCK_DGRAM类型。 proto - 指明所要接收的协议包。 UDP小实例 server.py01 import socket 02 03 server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM) 04 server.bind(("127.0.0.1",17800)) 05 print("udp server start") 06 while True: 07 data,addr = server.recvfrom(1024) 08 text = str(data, encoding = "utf-8") 09 print("address:%s data:%s"%(addr,text)) 10 if text == "quit": 11 break 12 print("udp server finish") 13 server.close() client.py01 import socket 02 03 client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) 04 print("udp client start") 05 while True: 06 data = input("please input content:") 07 client.sendto(bytes(data,"utf-8"),("127.0.0.1", 17800)) 08 if data == "quit": 09 break 10 print("udp client finish") 11 client.close() 先运行server.py,再运行client.py,运行结果: TCP小例子 server.py代码01 import socket 02 03 server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) 04 server.bind(("127.0.0.1",17800)) 05 server.listen(5) 06 print("tcp server start") 07 while True: 08 conn,addr = server.accept() 09 print("client connect, address: ",addr) 10 conn.send(b"welcome to server") 11 data = conn.recv(1024) 12 print(str(data,encoding="utf-8")) 13 conn.close() 14 print("tcp server finish") 15 server.close() client.py代码01 import socket 02 03 print("udp client1 start") 04 client1 = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) 05 client1.connect(("127.0.0.1",17800)) 06 data1 = client1.recv(1024) 07 print(str(data1,encoding="utf-8")) 08 client1.send(b'I am client1') 09 client1.close() 10 print("udp client1 finish") 11 12 print("udp client2 start") 13 client2 = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) 14 client2.connect(("127.0.0.1",17800)) 15 data2 = client2.recv(1024) 16 print(str(data2,encoding="utf-8")) 17 client2.send(b'I am client2') 18 client2.close() 19 print("udp client2 finish") 先运行server.py,再运行client.py,运行结果: 本人一直都是做B/S方面的,对socket通信方面的认识还很肤浅,只停留在如何应用的层次,以后还需要多多研究和努力。这里有几个心得: - 使用UDP数据报文套接方式,系统会自动分配端口号,客户机不需要调用bind()函数显示指定,而是用UNIX域数据报套接字就必须调用bind()函数来显示指定路径名 - Python文档中已经有若干个socket通信的例子,包括IPV4、IPV6下的TCP通信,大家可以去看看。在Doc文件夹下面的chm帮助文档真是好东西,E文好的朋友,可以多去看看。 |
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