二. 建立不规则动词的意识,掌握不规则动词记忆诀窍
从人体五官和口、手的动作开始体会,学习不规则动词
为什么说学习不规则动词要从人体五官开始?
人们感知世界、认识世界、描述世界,都是从人体五官开始的。学习英语的不规则动词也是如此。只要我们开口讲话就会用到不规则动词,因为很多不规则动词都是常用的单词,比如:“吃喝看听闻,说说咬感觉”(eat, drink, see, hear, smell; say, speak, bite, feel).
从“五官”开始的好处就是给初学者带来思路和联想:“开口就要注意不规则动词”,从而是学生养成习惯,在与人们交流的时候注意不规则动词的变化,正确使用不规则动词。这样能够促使学生在考试做题和检查答案的时候有一个正确的思路,免得浪费时间,无所事事。
从“五感”开始后,发展到人体的各个部位发出的动作,然后在进入到各类不规则动词的记忆。这样循序渐进,就会收到事半功倍的效果。
快速、牢靠背诵背不规则动词的最好途径和方法就是:看到汉语的动词就能读出英语的动词原形,而且能够脱口而出,唱出动词的不规则动词的过去式和过去分词。会读就要会写,这不是一件很难的事情,一定要做到“发音部位指挥手,听说读写一起走,记住规则不犯愁,能比别人胜一筹。”
1. 与人体五官有关的不规则动词记忆方法入门:
首先做操,寻找感觉。
1) 右手食指指着嘴吧说“吃喝eat drink”
2) 再只耳朵说“听hear”
3) 接着指眼睛说“看see”
4) 最后指着鼻子说“闻smell”.
多次反复练习,直至熟练为止,接下来朗读它们的“过去式和过去分词”. 朗读的方法是”两升一降”:
升调 |
升调 |
降调 |
eat ↗ |
ate ↗ |
eaten ↘ |
drink ↗ |
drank ↗ |
drunk ↘ |
hear ↗ |
heard ↗ |
heard ↘ |
see ↗ |
saw ↗ |
seen ↘ |
smell ↗ |
smelt ↗ |
smelt ↘ |
2.按人体部位分项记忆不规则动词分类方法:
这种方法主要适合初一至初二的学生。
1). 最重要的一个单词就是: feel(感觉,感到)—felt—felt (一定要唱会,吟唱的方法就是“两升一降”,前面两个读升调,后面一个读降调,要很有节奏地朗读,然后背熟,记在心里,做到脱口而出。背不规则动词的时候,要注意:单词中间原音字母的变化和单词后面辅音字母的变化,单词前面的字母基本上没有变化。)
2) 与头部五官有关的不规则动词:(5个)
首先用右手指分别指向“口、耳、眼、鼻”,说出“吃喝听看闻”(eat/drink/hear/see/smell).
再背:eat—ate—eaten drink—drank—drunk hear---heard---heard see—saw—seen smell—smelt—smelt(smell可当规则动词用:smell--smelled—smelled(提示:有些不规则动词也是规则动词,少数在用法上有区别,需要一个一个记住)。
3) 与口部有关的更多不规则动词:(9个)
“吃喝咬说说,读唱吐告诉”(eat/drink/bite/say/speak; read/sing/spit/tell)
eat—ate—eaten drink—drank—drunk bite---bit-–bitten (bit) say—said—said speak—spoke—spoken read—read—read sing—sang—sung
spit—spat(spit)—spat(spit) tell—told—told
动词原形 |
过去式 |
过去分词 |
eat |
ate |
eaten |
drink (注意规律i-a-u) |
drank |
drunk可作表语/drunken多用作定语 |
bite |
bit |
bit/bitten没有区别 |
say [sei] |
said [sed] |
said [sed]注意单词读音 |
speak |
spoke |
spoken |
read |
read[red] |
read[red]注意单词读音 |
sing (注意规律i-a-u) |
sang |
sung |
spit |
spit/spat |
spit/spat没有区别 |
tell |
told |
told (o读字母音) |
4) 与眼睛有关的不规则动词:(3个)
see看见 understand看透 weep 哭泣 (记忆方法:看见、看透了就哭泣)
动词原形 |
过去式 |
过去分词 |
see |
saw |
seen(只看到的结果) |
understand |
understood |
understood(理解,看透) |
weep |
wept |
wept(主要是用眼睛哭,流泪) |
5) 与耳朵有关的更多不规则动词:(12个)
在意义上和“听”有关的不规则动词就是hear:hear—heard—heard
但是含有-ear这个拼写的不规则动词很有12个:
hear(听) overhear(偷听,无意种听到) (记忆方法:听不到就偷听)
bear(忍受、生小孩) overbear(过多繁殖,压倒,超过) for(e)bear(克制、避免) (记忆方法:生小孩生多了就是超生,就要克制,就出现了计划生育)
swear(发誓) forswear(发誓抛弃、断然放弃,发誓否认)(记忆方法:
wear (穿、佩戴;磨坏) outwear(穿破、忍耐这过日子)(穷人衣服穿破了还要忍耐着过日子)
learn(学习、学会) shear(修剪) tear(撕破) (记忆方法:学会修剪羊毛,不要撕破了羊皮)
动词原形 |
过去式 |
过去分词 |
ear在单词中不是读[ i[] 就是[Z[],只有learn里读[[:],h后面读[ i[] 其余的读[Z[] |
hear |
heard |
heard |
overhear |
overheard |
overheard |
bear |
bore |
borne/born仅表“出生” |
overbear |
overbore |
overborne |
forebear |
forbore |
forborne |
swear |
swore |
sworn |
forswear |
forswore |
forsworn |
wear |
wore |
worn |
outwear |
outwore |
outworn |
learn |
learnt/learned |
learnt/learned都可以 |
shear |
sheared/shore |
sheared/shorn常用规则动词 |
tear |
tore |
torn撕破 |
6) 与英语单词“闻(smell)”有关的不规则动词:(8个)
smell –smelt—smelt
虽然smell只有一个,但是以-ell结尾的不规则动词有8个:
动词原形 |
过去式 |
过去分词 |
既可当规则动词,也可用作不规则动词。 提醒记忆:“ 闻拼胀” |
smell |
smelt/smelled |
smelt/smelled闻、嗅 |
spell |
spelt/spelled |
spelt/spelled拼写 |
swell |
swelled |
swollen/swelled膨胀 |
词尾都是-old. 提醒记忆:“卖了就告诉我” |
sell |
sold |
sold |
outsell |
outsold |
outsold |
undersell |
undersold |
undersold |
tell |
told |
told |
retell |
retold |
retold |
7) 与口有关的更多动词,学会从中挑出不规则动词:(带有※就是不规则动词)
① 与生俱来的动作:
cry 哭 |
breathe in呼入 |
breathe out呼出 |
cough 咳嗽 |
lick 舔 |
suck 吸 |
drink※ 喝 |
spit※ 吐 |
bite※ 咬 |
chew 嚼 |
swallow 吞 |
eat 吃 |
cry 大声哭 |
weep※ 哭泣 |
smile 微笑 |
laugh 大声笑 |
moan and groan呻吟 |
yawn 打呵欠 |
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② 后天学会的动作:(18个)
say※ |
speak※ |
read※ |
sing※ |
call |
pronounce宣布 |
tell※ |
talk |
chat |
cry |
blow※ |
kiss吻 |
whisper耳语 |
ask |
answer |
reply |
shout |
lie |
taste尝 |
quarrel吵架 |
feed |
frighten吓虎 |
curse骂人 |
coax哄 |
cheat骗 |
recite 背吟 |
chant吟咏 |
retell※ |
与口有关的不规则动词:
原形 |
过去式 |
过去分词 |
原形 |
过去式 |
过去分词 |
eat |
ate |
eaten |
say |
said |
said |
drink |
drank |
drunk |
speak |
spoke |
spoken |
bite |
bit |
bit/bitten |
read |
read |
read |
spit |
spit |
spit |
sing |
sang |
sung |
weep |
wept |
wept |
blow |
blew |
blown |
tell |
told |
told |
bless |
blessed/blest |
blessed/blest |
retell |
retold |
retold |
spread |
spread |
spread |
broadcast |
broadcast |
broadcast |
spell |
spelt |
spelt |
swear |
swore |
sworn |
feed |
fed |
fed
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