动词的过去式:
动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式变化如下:
(1)一般情况下,动词词尾加 ed ,如:
worked played wanted acted
(2)以不发音的 e 结尾动词,动词词尾加 d,如:
lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped
(3)以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把y变为i 再加ed,如:
studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied
(4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加 ed,如:
stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped
(5)不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。
go - went,make - made,get - got ,buy - bought ,come - came ,fly-flew ,is/am-was,are-were ,see-saw ,bring-brought,do-did,teach-taught, think-thought, say-said,sit-sat.
put-put,grow-grew,take,took,catch-caught,come-camebecome-became,swim-swam,sweep—swept,sing—sang,draw—drew,
动词的过去分词:
规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加ed构成,不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。
为了帮助大家记住不规则动词,现在把常用的不规则动词分为几个类型,每个类型中又分若干组,尽量找出每组中各词变化形式的共同点,以帮助记忆背诵。
1. A---A---A型(现在式、过去式和过去分词同形) 动词原形(现在式) 过去式 过去分词 cost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 割,切 hit hit hit 打 let let let 让 put put put 放下 read read read 读 hurt hurt hurt 伤
2. A---A---B型(现在式和过去式同形) beat beat beaten 打
3. A---B---A型(现在式和过去分词同形) come came come 来 become became become 变 run ran run 跑
4. A ---B ---B型
(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。 burn burnt burnt 燃烧 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习 mean meant meant 意思 hear heard heard 听见
(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。 build built built 建筑 lend lent lent 借给 lose lost lost 失去 send sent sent 送 spend spent spent 花费
(3)其他 pay paid paid 付 lay laid laid 下蛋 say said said 说
bring brought brought 带来 buy bought bought 买 think thought thought 想
sleep slept slept 睡 keep kept kept 保持 sweep swept swept 扫
stand stood stood 站 understand understood understood 明白
win won won 得胜 shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光
catch caught caught 抓住 teach taught taught 教 feel felt felt 觉得 fight fought fought 战斗 find found found 发现 get got got 得到 hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死,挂 have had had 有 hold held held 盛,握 leave left left 离开 make made made 制造 meet met met 遇见 sell sold sold 卖 shoot shot shot 射击 tell told told 告诉 smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅,闻 sit sat sat 坐 dig dug dug 挖
5. A---B---C型(现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同)
(1)在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。 eat ate eaten 吃 fall fell fallen 落下 steal stole stolen 偷 give gave given 给 freeze froze frozen 冻结 take took taken 拿 see saw seen 看见
write wrote written 写 ride rode ridden 骑 drive drove driven 驾驶
throw threw thrown 抛,扔 blow blew blown 吹 grow grew grown 生长 know knew known 知道
fly flew flown 飞 draw drew drawn 拉,绘画 show showed shown 展示
(2)过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。 speak spoke spoken 说话 break broke broken 破碎,折断 wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒 choose chose chosen 选择 forget forgot forgotten 忘记
(3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”(过去式)和“u”(过去分词)。 begin began begun 开始 ring rang rung 按铃 sing sang sung 唱 sink sank sunk 沉 swim swam swum 游泳 drink drank drunk 饮
(4)其他不规则动词的变化。 be(am, is) was/ were been 是 be(are) were been 是 do did done 做 go went gone 去 lie lay lain 躺 wear wore worn 穿 |