定语从句的讲解

定语从句的讲解

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句,故定语从句起的作用就是修饰, 限定的作用．单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。

---A girl

---She is a girl.

---She is a beautiful girl. （单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面）

---she is a girl dressed in red (短语作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。)

---She is a beautiful girl who study very well(从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。)

在主句中被修饰的这个词叫先行词，把主从句连接起来的叫引导词，紧跟引导词的叫定语从句．如:

He is a  handsome worker who likes singing songs.     

                  (先行词)         （引导词）　(定语从句)

 其中引导词又包括关系代词 :who﹑whom﹑that﹑which﹑whose 和关系副词when, where, why

先讲关系代词的用法:

关系代词	指代什么	在从句中作何成分
That	人或物	主,宾,表
Which	物	主,宾,表
Who	人	主.在口语中可用作宾语
Whom	人	宾
whose	人或	定(后面紧跟名词)

例 1. The man that/who gave you the talk yesterday is our teacher.

 指人: that/who (主语)

例2: The boy who/whom/that the nurse is looking after is my friend

指人: who/whom/that(宾语,可省略)

例3: The car that/which is red was damaged yesterday.

指物: that/which (主语)

例4: The question that/which I don’t understand is about grammar.

指物: that/which (宾语,可省略)

例5. Yesterday she talked with one woman  whose  husband died in that accident.

关系代词表示先行词的所属关系，指人和物时都用whose,可理解为“…的”

that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。

(1)当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时或被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few, only等修饰时.

如: I’ve read all the books that are not mine.

    I am sure she has something (that) you can  borrow.

(2) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。

如: 2)This is the first book (that) he has read.

    This is the best place (that) we have visited.

(3)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last,　just the等修饰时。 

如: This is the very book that belongs to him.

    He is just the person (that) we are looking for.

(4)当并列的两个先行词分别表示人或物, 用关系代词that

如: We were deeply impressed by the teachers and  the schools that we had visited there.

(5)  先行词是who或which引导的主句。

如: Who that broke the window will be punished.

    Which is the book that you bought last week?

(6)  当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時，关系代词用that.

 如: China is no longer the country that it used to be.

    She isn’t the girl that she was 10 years ago.

(7)在there be 句型中,通常用that而不用which

如: There are 200 people that didn’t know the thing

关系副词

关系副词	指代什么	作何成分
when(=at / in/ on/during which)	时间	作状语修饰时间
where (=in/ at which)	地点	作状语修饰地点
why(= for which)	原因	作状语修饰原因

例 1:I will never forget the days when we worked together

=I will never forget the days during which we worked together

when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词,并在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于“介词+关系代词(which)”。

比较:I will never forget the days ____I spent in the school

A.   When   B. in which    C.  that   D. where

讲解:先行词为,所以很多同学根据例1,很容易选择A或B可根所句子成分知, 此句中应选C,因为days在定语从句中作了spend in的宾语,而在上面例1 中作了从句的时间状语.

例 2:Jiangxi is the city  where I was born

=Jiangxi is the city in which I was born

where引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词, 并在定语从句中作地点状语, 相当于“介词+ 关系代词(which)”。

比较1.:Is this the museum  _____you visited a few days ago?

A. where   B. that   C. on which   D. the one

2. Is this the museum _____the exhibition was held

A. where   B. that    C. on which    D. the one

分析句子成份可中1应选B,因为the museum在从句中作了 的宾语,2应选A ,因为the museum在从句中作了状语

例 3:Tell me the reason why you were late for class=Tell me the reason for which you were late for class  

why引导的定语从句修饰表示原因的名词, 并在定语从句中作原因状语, 相当于“介词+ 关系代词(which)”。

比较:I don’t believe the reason _____he has given for his being late．

A.   Why   B.   that   C.  for which   D.one

讲解:看the reason,很多同学会选A,但通过分析句子成分可知,从句中give缺少宾语,所以在从句中作宾语,所以应选B