英语与汉语最大的一个不同点就是英语动词有时态与语态的变化,而这种时态语态的变化常常是通过动词形式的变化来体现的,动词形式的变化又分规则变化和不规则变化两种,其中不规则变化常让一些同学眼花缭乱。为帮助同学们迅速掌握不规则动词的变化规律,作者整理归纳了中学阶段全部不规则动词,并按其变化规律归类,希望能对同学们有所帮助。
一.A-A-A型(13).
broadcast broadcast broadcast burst burst burst cast cast cast
cut cut cut hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt
let let let put put put rid rid rid
read read read set set spread spread spread
shut shut shut
二.A-B-B型(65)
burn burned burned/ burnt burnt dream dreamed dreamed/ dreamt dreamt
hang hanged hanged/ hung hung learn learned learned/ learnt learnt
lean leaned leaned/ leant leant light lighted lighted/ lit lit
sew sewed sewed/ sewed sewn shine shined shined/shone shone
show showed showed/ showed shown speed speeded speeded/ sped sped/
wake waked waked/woke woken woked wind winded winded/ wound wound
can could / shall should / will would /
may might / bend bent bent lend lent lent
send sent sent spend spent spent bring brought brought
buy bought bought fight fought fought think thought thought
catch caught caught teach taught taught
feel felt felt kneel knelt knelt flee fled fled
feed fed fed bleed bled bled meet met met
keep kept kept sleep slept slept sweep swept swept
weep wept wept
deal dealt dealt mean meant meant lead led led
leave left left
lay laid laid pay paid paid say said said
smell smelt smelt spell spelt spelt
bind bound bound find found found wind wound wound
sit sat sat spit spat spat
tell told told sell sold sold
stick stuck stuck strike struck struck/stricken spin spun spun
stand stood stood understand understood understood build built built
get got got/gotten forget forgot forgotten win won won
have had had hold held held lose lost lost
shoot shot shot make made made hear heard heard
三.A-B-C型 (43)
begin began begun drink drank drunk ring rang rung
sing sang sung sink sank sunk/sunken spring sprang/sprung sprung
swim swam swum
awake awoke awoken break broke broken speak spoke spoken
steal stole stolen wake woke woken weave wove woven
blow blew blown grow grew grown know knew known
throw threw thrown fly flew flown sow sowed sowed/sown
drive drove driven ride rode ridden rise rose risen
write wrote written
hide hid hidden bite bit bitten give gave given
forbid forbade forbidden forgive forgave forgiven
mistake mistook mistaken shake shook shaken take took taken
beat beat beaten choose chose chosen eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen freeze frose frosen
bear bore born/borne swear swore sworn tear tore torn
wear wore worn
be was/were been see saw seen do did done
go went gone lie lay laid draw drew drawn
四.A-B-A型(4)
come came come become became become overcome overcame overcome
run ran run
注意bear, light,learn, drink, rot, sink等动词有两个不同的过去分词,其用法不同,不可混淆。
1. borne与born:born用于被动语态,表示“出生、诞生”的意义,作定语是也用born,意义为“天生的”,如:a born genius/ teacher.其它情况用borne。
2. lighted与lit:做定语修饰名词时,其意义是: 点着了的,只能用lighted, 如:a lighted candle.其余情况两者皆可
3. learnt与 learned:做定语修饰名词时,只能用learned,其意义是:学识渊博的,如:a learned judge /teacher,其余情况两者皆可
4. drunk与drunken: 做定语修饰名词时, 只能用drunken, a drunken sailor;其余情况用drunk.
5. rotted与rotten; rotten只作定语修饰名词,如:rotten eggs/fruit.其余情况用rotten.
6. sunk与sunken: 做定语修饰名词时 只能用sunken; a sunken ship其余情况用sunk.