计算机英语答案

huanghuiru 2012-03-04

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计算机英语(练习答案)

2007-12-26 18:43:17| 分类：大学课程 | 标签：计算机英语 |字号大中小订阅

练习答案

（The Answers）

PART ONE

Computer Basics

Unit 1

My Computer

Section A

I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1． Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron

2． input; output

3． VLSI

4． workstations; mainframes

5． vacuum; transistors

6． instructions; software

7． digit; eight; byte

8． microminiaturization; chip

II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1． artificial intelligence 人工智能

2． paper-tape reader 纸空阅读机

3． optical computer 光学计算机

4． neural network 神经网络

5． instruction set 指令集

6． parallel processing 平行处理

7． difference engine 差分机

8． versatile logical element 通用逻辑器件

9． silicon substrate 硅基

10． vacuum tube 真空管（电子管）

11． the storage and handling of data 数据的存储与处理

12． very large-scale integrated circuit 超大规模集成电路

13． central processing unit 中央处理器

14． personal computer 个人计算机

15． analogue computer 模拟计算机

16． digital computer 数字计算机

17． general-purpose computer 通用计算机

18． processor chip 处理器芯片

19． operating instructions 操作指令

20． input device 输入设备

III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:

We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital. They can be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and abilities.

Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC, introduced in the early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.

Section B

I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1． display

2． underwater; GUI

3． intranet

4． functionality

II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1． circuit board 电路板

2． beta testing β测试

3． thin-client computer 瘦客户机电脑

4． cell phone 蜂窝电话（移动电话）

5． digital video 数码摄像机，数码影视

6． Pentium processor 奔腾处理器

7． virtual screen 虚拟屏幕

8． desktop computer specifications 台式计算机规格

9． radio frequency 射频

10． wearable computer 可佩带式计算机

Section C

I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1． loading

2． 100MB

3． Add/Remove Programs; Control Panel

4． Shut Down; Start Menu

II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1． Windows Registry 视窗注册表

2． swap file 交换文件

3． TMP file 临时文件

4． power plug 电源插头

5． free disk space 可用磁盘空间

6． Control Panel 控制面板

7． Start Menu 开始菜单

8． Add/Remove Programs option 添加∕删除程序选项

Unit 2

Computer Architecture

Section A

I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1． input; output; storage

2． Basic Input Output System

3． flatbed scanners; hand-held scanners

4． LCD-based

5． dot-matrix printers; inkjet printers

6． disk drives; memory

7． Volatile

8． serial; parallel

II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1． information retrieval 信息检索

2． voice recognition module 语音识别模块

3． touch-sensitive region 触感区，触摸区

4． address bus 地址总线

5． flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪

6． dot-matrix printer 点阵打印机（针式打印机）

7． parallel connection 并行连接

8． cathode ray tube 阴极射线管

9． video game 电子游戏（港台亦称电玩）

10． audio signal 音频信号

11． operating system 操作系统

12． LCD (liquid crystal display) 液晶显示（器）

13． inkjet printer 喷墨打印机

14． data bus 数据总线

15． serial connection 串行连接

16． volatile memory 易失性存储器

17． laser printer 激光打印机

18． disk drive 磁盘驱动器

19． BIOS (Basic Input Output System) 基本输入输出系统

20． video display 视频显示器

III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:

CD-ROM stands for compact disk read-only memory. Unlike floppy and hard disks, which use magnetic charges to represent 1s and 0s, optical disks use reflected light. On a CD-ROM disk, 1s and 0s are represented by flat areas and bumpy areas (called “pits”) on its bottom surface. The CD-ROM disk is read by a laser that projects a tiny beam of light on these areas. The amount of reflected light determines whether the area represents a 1 or a 0.

Like a commercial CD found in music stores, a CD-ROM is a “read-only” disk. Read-only means it cannot be written on or erased by the user. Thus, you as a user have access only to the data imprinted by the publisher.

A single CD-ROM disk can store 650 megabytes of data. That is equivalent to 451 floppy disks. With that much information on a single disk, the time to retrieve or access the information is very important. An important characteristic of CD-ROM drives is their access rate.

Section B

I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1． low-speed

2． topology; hub

3． control; bulk

4． token; handshake

II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1． ISA slot ISA总线槽

2． configuration register 配置寄存器

3． still camera 静物照相机

4． token packet 令牌包

5． expansion hub 扩展集线器

6． USB（Universal Serial Bus）通用串行总线

7． root hub 根集线器

8． I/O device 输入输出设备

9． control frame 控制帧

10． PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) 外部设备互连

Section C

I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1． higher; cheaper; shelf space

2． single-layer; double-sided; politics

3． Substrate

4． incompatibility

II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1． video tape 录像带

2． aspect ratio （电视、电影图像的）高宽比，纵横比

3． CD-RW 可擦写光驱

4． laser diode 激光二极管

5． reflective layer反射层

6． optical disk光盘

7． high resolution高分辨率

8． floppy disk 软盘

Unit 3

Operating System

Section A

I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1． Software

2． Multitasking

3． Virtual

4． IBM or International Business Machines Corporation

5． UNIX; multiuser

6． Windows; graphical

7． command-line

8． distributed

II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1． data set 数据集

2． pointing device 指点设备

3． graphical user interface 图形化用户界面

4． time-slice multitasking 分时多任务处理

5． object-oriented programming 面向对象编程

6． click on an icon 点击图标

7． context switching 上下文转换

8． distributed system 分布式系统

9． pull-down lists of commands 命令的下拉列表

10． simultaneous access 同时访问

11． command-line interface 命令行界面

12． multitasking environment 多任务化环境

13． spreadsheet program 电子制表程序

14． main memory 主存

15． storage media 存储介质

16． disk file 磁盘文件

17． command interpreter 命令解释器

18． network connection 网络连接

19． DOS (disk operating system) 磁盘操作系统

20． copy a data file 拷贝数据文件

III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:

Operating systems for micro, mini, and mainframe computers perform many services. These services can be classified either as “external” or “internal.”

The operating system provides external services that help users start programs, manage stored data, and maintain security. You, as the computer user, control these external functions. Using a command-line, menu-driven, or GUI user interface, an operating system provides you with a way to select the programs you would like to use. The operating system also helps you find, rename, and delete documents and other data stored on disk or tape. On many, but not all computer systems, the operating system helps you maintain security by checking your user ID and password, as well as protecting your data from unauthorized access and revisions.

The operating system provides internal services “behind the scenes” to ensure that the computer system functions efficiently. These internal services are not generally under your control, but instead are controlled by the operating system itself. The operating system controls input and output, allocates system resources, manages the storage space for programs and data, and detects equipment failure without any direction from you.

Section B

I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1． UNIX

2． Networking

3． multitasking; drivers

4． client; protocols

II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1． serial port 串行端口

2． configuration utility 配置工具

3． ISDN 综合业务数字网

4． token ring 令牌环

5． fast Ethernet 快速以太网

6． virtual memory 虚拟内存

7． source code 源代码

8． swap space 交换空间

9． Internet protocol 因特网协议

10． SVGA (Super Video Graphics Array) 超级视频图形阵列

Section C

I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1． Releases

2． Windows 2000

3． 4Gbps or 4 gigabits per second

4． SMP; networking; memory

II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1． network throughput 网络吞吐量

2． registry access 注册表存取

3． scalable file server 规模可变的文件服务

4． static Web page 静态网页

5． physical memory 物理内存

6． Plug and Play 即插即用

7． network adapter 网络适配器

8． SMP (symmetric multiprocessing) 对称多任务处理

Unit 4

Computer Language and Programming

Section A

I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1． artificial; instructions

2． low-level; high-level

3． low-level

4． Machine

5． functional; logic

6． Statement

7． Module

8． digital

II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1． storage register 存储寄存器

2． function statement 函数语句

3． program statement 程序语句

4． object-oriented language 面向对象语言

5． assembly language 汇编语言

6． intermediate language 中间语言，中级语言

7． relational language 关系（型）语言

8． artificial language 人造语言

9． data declaration 数据声明

10． SQL 结构化查询语言

11． executable program 可执行程序

12． program module 程序模块

13． conditional statement 条件语句

14． assignment statemen t赋值语句

15． logic language 逻辑语言

16． machine language 机器语言

17． procedural language 过程语言

18． programming language 程序设计语言

19． run a computer program 运行计算机程序

20． computer programme r 计算机程序设计员

III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:

A programming language is a language used to write instructions for the computer. It lets the programmer express data processing in a symbolic manner without regard to machine-specific details.

The difficulty of writing programs in the machine language of 0s and 1s led first to the development of assembly language, which allows programmers to use mnemonics for instructions and symbols for variables. Such programs are then translated by a program known as an assembler into the binary encoding used by the computer. Other pieces of system software known as linking loaders combine pieces of assembled code and load them into the machine’s main memory unit, where they are then ready for execution. The concept of linking separate pieces of code was important, since it allowed “libraries” of programs to be built up to carry out common tasks—a first step toward the increasingly emphasized notion of software reuse. Assembly language was found to be sufficiently inconvenient that higher-level languages (closer to natural languages) were invented in the 1950s for easier, faster programming; along with them came the need for compilers, programs that translate high-level language programs into machine code. As programming languages became more powerful and abstract, building efficient compilers that create high-quality code in terms of execution speed and storage consumption became an interesting computer science problem in itself.

Section B

I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1． object-oriented

2． user interface

3． Event

4． Controls

II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1． function call 函数调用

2． event-driven programming 事件驱动编程

3． click on a push button 点击按钮

4． application window 应用程序窗口

5． class hierarchy 类继承

6． child window 子窗口

7． application development environment 应用程序开发环境

8． pull-down menu 下拉菜单

9． dialog box 对话框

10． scroll bar 滚动条

Section C

I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1． Objects

2． platform-independent

3． Multithreading

4． Runtime

II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1． native code 本机代码

2． header file 头文件

3． multithreaded program 多线程编程

4． Java-enabled browser 支持Java的浏览器

5． machine code 机器码

6． assembly code 汇编码

7． Trojan horse 特洛伊木马程序

8． software package 软件包

PART TWO

Software Engineering

Unit 5

Software Development

Section A

I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1． application; operating

2． assemblers

3． compiler

4． interpreter

5． Debugger

6． Loop

7． device driver

8． John von Neumann

II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1． inference engine 推理机

2． system call 系统调用

3． compiled language 编译语言

4． parallel computing 平行计算

5． pattern matching 模式匹配

6． free memory 空闲内存

7． interpreter program 解释程序

8． library routine 库程序

9． intermediate program 中间程序，过渡程序

10． source file 源文件

11． interpreted language 解释（性）语言

12． device driver 设备驱动程序

13． source program 源程序

14． debugging program 调试程序

15． object code 目标代码

16． application program 应用程序

17． utility program 实用程序

18． logic program 逻辑程序

19． ink cartridge 墨盒

20． program storage and execution 程序的存储与执行

III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:

A compiler, in computer science, is a computer program that translates source code into object code. Software engineers write source code using high-level programming languages that people can understand. Computers cannot directly execute source code, but need a compiler to translate these instructions into a low-level language called machine code.

Compilers collect and reorganize (compile) all the instructions in a given set of source code to produce object code. Object code is often the same as or similar to a computer’s machine code. If the object code is the same as the machine language, the computer can run the program immediately after the compiler produces its translation. If the object code is not in machine language, other programs—such as assemblers, binders (联编程序), linkers (连接程序), and loaders (装入程序)—finish the translation.

Most computer languages use different versions of compilers for different types of computers or operating systems, so one language may have different compilers for personal computers (PC) and Apple Macintosh computers. Many different manufacturers often produce versions of the same programming language, so compilers for a language may vary between manufacturers.

Section B

I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1． client-side; server-side

2． UNIX

3． Database

4． operating system

II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1． Windows socket Windows套接字接口

2． Winsock interface Winsock接口

3． file repository 文件属性

4． client-side application 客户端应用程序

5． HTML tag HTML标记

6． Web browser 万维网浏览器

7． hardware platform 硬件平台

8． custom control 定制控件

9． OLE (object linking and embedding) 对象链接和嵌入

10． WAN (wide area network) 广域网

Section C

I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1． cross-platform

2． Exit; Quit

3． Unicode

4． Environment

II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1． search path 搜索路径

2． dynamic library 动态链接库

3． code set 代码集

4． ancestor menu 祖辈菜单

5． end user 最终用户

6． menu item 菜单项

7． cross-platform application 跨平台应用程序

8． character set 字符集

Unit 6

Distributed Systems

Section A

I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1． Heterogeneous

2． Resources

3． client/server

4． Asynchronous

5． Multicast

6． Bridges

7． fault-tolerance

8． openness

II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1． procedure call 过程调用

2． structured message protocol 结构化消息协议

3． secure protocol 安全协议

4． networking protocol 网络协议

5． processing node 处理节点

6． homogeneous system 同构系统

7． cost effectiveness 成本效益

8． message encryption 信息加密（术）

9． message format 信息格式

10． component code 组件编码

11． sequential program 顺序程序

12． multicast protocol 多址通信协议

13． routing algorithm 路由算法

14． open system 开放式系统

15． heterogeneous environment 异构型环境

16． distributed processing 分布式处理

17． resource sharing 资源共享

18． structured message passing 结构化信息传送

19． communication(s) link 通信链路

20． development tool 开发工具

III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:

The client/server architecture is a proven approach to building flexible, scalable environments. It is an arrangement used on local area networks that makes use of “distributed intelligence” to treat both the server and the individual workstations as intelligent, programmable devices, thus exploiting the full computing power of each. This is done by splitting the processing of an application between two distinct components: a “front-end” client and a “back-end” server. The client component, itself a complete, stand-alone (独立的) personal computer (versus the “dumb” terminal found in older architectures such as the time-sharing used on a mainframe) offers the user its full range of power and features for running applications. The server component, which can be another personal computer, minicomputer, or a mainframe, enhances the client component by providing the traditional strengths offered by minicomputers and mainframes in a time-sharing environment: data management, information sharing between clients, and sophisticated network administration and security features. The advantage of the client/server architecture over older architectures is that the client and server machines work together to accomplish the processing of the application being used. Not only does this increase the processing power available, but it also uses that power more efficiently. The client portion of the application is typically optimized for user interaction, whereas the server portion provides the centralized, multi-user functionality.

Section B

I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1． peer-to-peer

2． simultaneous; frequency

3． procedure; management; load

4． Software

II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1． logical entity 逻辑实体

2． client-server architecture 客户机-服务器结构

3． CPU cycle CPU周期

4． graphics acceleration 图形加速

5． software licensing 软件许可

6． word-processing application 字处理应用程序

7． load balancing 负载平衡

8． remote procedure call 远程过程调用

9． hardware configuration 硬件配置

10． peer-to-peer network 对等网络

Section C

I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1． Physical

2． Overconfiguration

3． Changes

4． presentation; application; data management

II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1． font server 字体服务器

2． data management logic 数据管理逻辑规则

3． disk space 磁盘空间

4． conceptual model 概念模型

5． client-server model 客户–服务器模型

6． graphics display 图形显示

7． general-purpose hardware 通用硬件

8． system expandability 系统可扩展性

Unit 7

Database

Section A

I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1． data storage

2． Entities

3． DBMS or database management system

4． Inconsistency

5． SQL or Structured Query Language

6． storage engine; query processor

7． procedure calls

8． data presentation; data storage

II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1． language precompiler 程序语言预编译器

2． business logic implementation 业务逻辑实现

3． query processor 查询处理器

4． data modeling 数据建模

5． storage engine 存储引擎

6． tiered architecture 分层结构

7． database manager 数据库管理员

8． data presentation layer 数据表现层

9． logical database design 逻辑上的数据库设计

10． entity relationship diagram 实体关系图

11． query language 查询语言

12． host language 主机语言

13． Data Modification Language (DML) 数据修改语言

14． data redundancy 数据冗余

15． relational database 关系数据库

16． relational data model 关系数据模型

17． database management system (DBMS) 数据库管理系统

18． data element 数据元素

19． data access 数据存取

20． query optimization 查询优化

III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:

A database is any collection of data organized for storage in a computer memory and designed for easy access by authorized users. The data may be in the form of text, numbers, or encoded graphics. Since their first, experimental appearance in the 1950s, databases have become so important in industrial societies that they can be found in almost every field of information.

In the 1960s, some databases became commercially available, but their use was funnelled (传送) through a few so-called research centres that collected information inquiries and handled them in batches (一批). On-line databases—that is, databases available to anyone who could link up to them by computer—first appeared in the 1970s. For the home user, the equipment required includes a computer terminal, a telephone, and a modem, which enables the terminal and the database (usually some type of search-service system) to communicate. The user simply dials the number of the service, provides a password code for identification and billing (记账), and types in questions to a chosen database on the terminal’s keyboard. The data received may either be displayed on a terminal screen or printed out.