浅谈强调句型

  浅谈强调句型

强调句型是英语中一种得要的句子结构，是英语学习者必须掌握的一种重要句型，因而在高考英语试卷中占有一席之地。本文拟结合高考试题对强调句型的各个方面作如下归纳:
一、强调句型的基本结构
强调句型的基本结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其它部分”。当被强调部分为人且在句中作主语时，既可用who，也可用that，其它情况则一律用that。强调语时，that后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语在人称与数上保持一致。如:
It is they who often help me with my lessons.
It is I who am to blame.
It was in Greece that Olympic competititons first started.
It was in 1976 that Tom knew her.
在强调句中，去掉It is/was…that/who后，句子结构仍然完整、正确，句意仍明确、全面。
二、        强调成分
1、        强调主语、宾语。如:
It was the ability to do the job____matters not where you come from or what yiou are. (NMET 2000)
A. one        B.that        C.what        D.it
强调主语the ability to do the job,故选B.
2、强调状语。
强调句在强调状语时，有两点需要注意：
A、        强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，要用that不能用when,where,why或how。如:
It about 600 years ago ______the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.(NMET 97)
A.that          B.until          C.before          D.when
很明显，这是对时间状语的强调，故选A。
It was only when I rerad his poems recently____I began to appreciate their beauty.(NMET 98)
A.until        B.that            C.then          D.so
本句强调时间状语when l reread his poems rerently,故选B。
It was because of  bad weather____the footbal match had to be put off.(2003上海春季)
A.so          B.so that          C.why          D.that
本名强调原因状语because of bad weather,故选D。
It was where had been a theatre ____they built a new modern school.
A.where      B.in which          C.that          D.so
本名强调地点状语where there had been a thertre,故选C。
B，使用强调句型对状语进行强调时，有必要将其与下列句型区分开来：
我们来比较下面的句子：
1）        It was in the evening that the soldiers arrived at the small moun tain village. (强调句型)
2）        It was evening when the soldiers arrived at the small mountain village。(when 引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)
3）        It is for three hours that they have been back.(强调句型)
It was three hours before they camme back.(before引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)       
It was three hours since they camme back. (since引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)
  再如：It was raining when they came back.(时间状语从句)
It is true that he once went to canada.(主语从句)
3、        对“not…until…”结构的强调，要用“It is/was not until…that…”这一固定句型。由于否定已经前移，that后只能用肯定形式。如：
It was not ____she took off her dark glasses____I realized she was a famous film star.(NMET 92).
A.when ;that        B.until ;that    C.until ;when    D.when ;then
正确答案为B。
It was not until 1920___regular radio broadcasts began. (NMET95)
A.while            B.which      C.that          D.since
正确答案为C。
4、 强调含有定语从句的主、宾、状语时，要确定好强调志“that”的位置。如：
Was it at the school which was named after a hero that he spent his childhood?
It was the girl whose father worked abroad that lent me the book.
三、        强调句的一般疑问句形式。如：
（1）        Was it during the Second World War____he died?(NMET 88)
A.that          B.whie        C.in which      D.then
此句为强调句的一般疑问句，故选A。
（2）        Is it you who often help the old woman with her housework?
（3）        Was it in her fifties that Mary began to learn Russian?
强调句的一般疑问句结构为：Is/Was it…that/who…?
2、        强调句的特殊疑问句形式。如：
（1）        Who____helped you work out the maths problem?
A.was he    B.it was who    C.was it tha    D.it  was
此句为强调句型的特殊疑问句，故选C。
(2) Where was it that you found the lost child?
(3) Who was it that invented the telephone?
强调句的特殊疑问句结构为：疑问词+is/was it that…?
注意在强调句的疑问句型中，强调标志that/who后只能使用陈述语序。
比较：Was it by plane that did he come back?(╳ )
Was it by plane that he came back?( √)
When was it that the Second world War broke out?( √)
When was it that did the Second World War break out?( ╳)
(2)倒装句中的某一部分被强调后，原倒装句一再用倒装语序
    Never has he seen a wolf before.
    It was a wolf that he has nerer seen.
(3)注意对宾语从句中的成份强调时，宾语从句中仍用陈述语序
He asked what I was doing at this time yesterday.
He asked What it was that lucy doing at this time yesterday.
要特别注意的是，若对疑问代词Who(m)强调，只能用it is /was…that.如：
Who told you the news?(对who强调)
Who was it that told you the naws?
(that不能用who代替)
四、        强调句式的判断方法：
    It 强调句式中被强调的成分是句中的某个成分。对句中某个成分进行强调，就是把该成分担到强调句式的it is /was 之后，that/who之前。可以看出，强调位置上的成分正好是that/who后面句子中所缺少的成分。因此，把一个句子中的It is /was…that/who…这一框架去掉以后，剩余仍是一个完整的句子（若是强调语，需适当调整一下语序）我们就可以判断该句为强调句式。如：It was factory(that we visited last Sunday).
若去掉It was…that…这一框架，剩余部分不是完整的句子，所以原名不是强调句式，而是一个含有主语从句的从主复合句。如：It was ten o’clock when i got home last night.此句中when 不能换成that,因为它不是强调句，而是一个when引导的时间状语从句，句中it代指时间。下面一句才是强调句：It was at ten o’clock that I got home last night.(=I got home at ten o’clock last night.)