一、命题特点: 1.稳中求新 2.符合新课改方向,强调文化内涵和情感、态度和价值观 3.注重基础,突出语篇、强调应用 4.难、中、易题的分布合理 二、备考宝典: 《2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试陕西卷(英语)考试说明》 三、考试说明的变化: 1. 2. 3. 08年全省的平均分是77分左右,09年是75分左右,10年: 11年: 四、《2012高考英语各题型答题解析及最后冲刺方法》 第一种题型:语音题在高考试卷中的出题特点 06 07 08 09 11 3+2 三个单字母读音加两个字母组合读音 三个元音加两个辅音 方法: 音节: 绝对开音节: 相对开音节:当元音字母后接一个辅音字母和一个词尾不发音的字母e, like, extreme, village 闭音节:以辅音字母结尾的音节叫闭音节, n n n 2011年 again A. cabbage B. narrow C. famous D. tradition开 09 1. permit A B C D smile 08 club A. pollution B. struggle C. useful D. bury 英语发音的复杂性 forget B 在一模块中 accent apartment nation Elevator disaster quality swap official overcoat recover shock 辅音字母的读音关键是分布 2. custom 特殊情况 cheese C. chef 特殊的发音要识记 ★ ★ ★ ★语音题的词汇都是考试说明的基本词汇,把特殊发音整理出来。 英语中不发音的字母总汇 OO在单词中的发音规则 货物站在学校教室顶 ( 羊毛少年木头厨师脚 (wool, woolen, 靴子在房子里射击长食物 洪水血液特殊音 名词加es后双双变浊 小路告诉四岁的年轻人一个真理:嘴巴要洗澡 path, ng发音规则 字母k前歌唱家, singer, 英国人手指较长,发 English, 特殊情况好奇怪 名词复数的读音 清清: books, published 浊浊: bags, organized 元浊: boys, destroyed t, d ◆ 听,圣诞口哨经常绑在城堡上 ◆ai字母组发音分类 captain curtain said: ◆ei weight ★紧扣基本词汇,注意新增词汇 ★多总结, 第二种题型:情景对话在高考中的出题套路及应试技巧 (送分题,关键是读懂对话) Tom: Cathy: I have to finish my project on the history of the Internet. What about you? Tom: Tom: Cathy: I have to finish my project on the history of the Internet. What about you? Tom: 备考方案 1、利用语音和情景对话替代听力试题, 2、情景对话紧扣学生生活, 3、情景对话训练时抓住重点, 话题 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 10年还首次出现虚拟语气和固定句型 语法和词汇知识 常规考点,考核基本功 不偏不怪不超纲 虚拟语气10:1 固定结构10: 备考策略 考点基本固定:高频考点 (1)冠词; (4)非谓语动; (6)形容词性从句; (8)虚拟语气; (10)交际用语2个; 各考点的重点: 1)时态:现在完成时,一般过去时, 2) 3) 4)情态动词:should, need, 5) 6) 7)主谓一致 8) 9) 10) 11)虚拟语气: 备考原则:类型基本不重复上一年 1.重点,难点, 2. 3.偏题和怪题不会有。 4.前期多注意语法, 5.语法和词汇知识的难度还会持平或降低。 备考策略 C. to enable 2006 He hurried to the booking office only ____ that to tell 2010年重庆 The news shocked the public, _____ to great concern about students’ safety at school A. to lead 2. 各地的模拟题适用于限时集中训练15个题,先限时10-12分钟做,后立刻讲评。这些试题是成熟的, 3. 做题时首先判断和明确该题的考点,即考什么?留意做题思路, 每分钟两道试题, 辨认考点 1. _____ on the top of the hill is a monument, dating back to hundreds of years ago. 1. Everyone has periods in their lives __ everything seems very hard. when C. which 2. A.design C. designed 3. 例如: From __seemed to be a great , cloudy distance, he smiled at her , and she smiled , too. A.it C. what 思维定势 注重基本用法的考查 15. I’d like to start my own business –that’s ________ 22. I __________ through that bitter period without 辨别小的陷阱 11. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, 分析句子结构 The gate of Fortune, from ______top visitors Can enjoy a wonderful sea view, will attract lots of visitors. 把题看完 I go _____ to the stadium when there is game. But usually I watch Typically C. frequently 复杂句式要还原 The patient looks much better. _____ is it that has made him ____he is today What, that C. What, what 相似结构要归纳 1 .It was not such a good dinner ____ she had promised us. 2.David is such a good boy ___all the teachers like him. 3.David is such a good boy ____ all the teachers like. 4.They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, 5.They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, 6.They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, 句子成分在语法分析中特别重要, 4. 如名词性从句,要归纳出 (1)名词性从句就是相当于名词功能的句子 (2)名词性从句的语序通常是陈述语序。 (3)名词性从句的连接词的选择的依据有二: whether doubt doubt 5.错误集结本 学生都要有, 要不定期的看。 教师要把错题再次出成试卷,再次检测学生。 替代词 That The potato crop in 1846 was inferior to that of 1815 My seat was next to that of major His description didn’t answer to that of the thief. His behavior is not that of an educated person. One This book is a good one for you. This dress is too small, please bring me a larger one. I want a car but I cant afford to buy one. I need a pen would you lend me one? The film is more interesting than the one (that )we saw the other day. These actors were better than the ones in the former play. I am not the one to give him advice. I will take that plate, the one with all the chocolate on top . 6.
7. Heroes and Negroes eat potatoes and tomatoes (英雄和黑人吃马铃薯和西红柿) 多个形容词并列修饰名词的顺序 限观形令色国材用 数词中的特殊词 lie 规则的撒谎;不规则的躺; lie—lied—lied—lying(说谎) lie—lay—lain—lying(躺,位于) lay—laid—laid—laying(产卵/下蛋, 感官动词和使役动词: “五看”—see, watch, notice, observe, look at; “三使”—let, make, have; “二听”—hear, listen to; “一觉”—feel. 注意: 第一模块第二单元 有必要把such such as 2. no such thing 3. such 4. such 5. such 6. such as to… 7. such 第三种题型在高考中的考察特点:完形填空 熟悉的话题 采用记叙文体裁不会变; u u u u u u 完形填空集阅读理解能力、词语辨析、词的用法及搭配、语法等考查内容于一体,在较高层次上考查学生综合运用英语的能力,难度大。 考查的内容有五个方面: 一、快速阅读理解的能力与技巧,尤其是“跳读”能力。 二、词汇知识。从多角度考查词汇固定搭配、词语意义和用法的辨析能力。 三、语法知识及长难句的处理和分析能力。 四、语篇知识。 五、各类文化背景和生活常识等综合知识。 完形填空的短文是支离破碎的语言片段,空白的出现给学生的语言信息不断中断, 备考策略 完形填空设空特点 完形填空的解题步骤 1. 2. 3. 跳读全文 关注动词 大概判断各空的词义和词性 让学生统计跳读时间 跳读中未明白的画出来 先浏览全文有两个好处: 1.避免迷在题中。有利于从整体上把握,提高答题正确率; 2. 确定答案 1、对于一眼就能看出的答案,不必纠缠,马上就填入,对于那些看看有点像,但没有把握的答案,可以开始试填,待看完第二遍时,再来看看试填的答案,如发现先前填得不对,这时应该及时更正 2、左右一致, 3、要妥善安排时间, 完形填空的答题技巧 1.跳读 2. 3. 4.复现法 l l l l l l 5. 根据文章中对人、物描写的需求去选答案 My father still looks remarkably like what I remembered when I was growing up. What’s different is his gentleness and patience. My son and I had flown to Arizona for a visit. And his 67-year-old grandfather 37. A. jumping 38. A. excitedly 注意上下文照应 He didn’t think it was funny and he ordered me to go with him to dig the barriers out. …… seen him at the bonfire celebration. He’s climbed into the woodpile in front of hundreds of kids, 48. A. picked 49. A. too 对长难句的理解 One of my father’s favorite sayings as I was growing number of different talents (才能) and skills that I never would have thought were within me had it not been for my being 36 trying new opportunities. 36. A. lucky for 注意搭配干扰 4 My father didn’t think it was funny and he ordered me to go with him to dig the barriers out. I angry and I thought for an instant that the test walked away. 46. A. submitted 47. A. shook 看试题 第四种题型:阅读理解在高考英语中的出题特点及应试技巧 体裁多样,篇幅适中,6大题型兼顾 细节 06 07 08 09 10 11 ★阅读速度 《2010年考试说明上说明》提到:阅读理解做题时间建议为40分钟。故10年陕西卷两部分阅读速度是:每分钟约50.9词。 阅读的不良习惯 心译:读一句心译一句,必须借助汉语译文方能理解; 指读:阅读时总是用指头或笔尖等指着句子,边移边读; 逐字逐句:一字一句,字字重视,句句关心,生怕漏掉 见生即查:阅读时欲将生词各个击破,完全扫清阅读障碍,认为只要没有生词,便可洞悉文章; 出声:阅读时发出声音,全篇诵读,字字句句,丝毫不拉; 唇读:阅读时虽没有发出声音,但唇随句变,词带舌移,只是声带未颤,声音未出; 默读:没有出声,也没有唇动舌移,但目光、意识仍在逐句念诵。 阅读速度的提高办法 科学的阅读方法是“无声速度法”,也称“视读法”即用目光扫过有关的文字而不做外发音或默念。 备考策略 阅读理解的六个命题方向与考查能力是一致。 事实细节题,主旨大义题,推理判断题较多;推断词义题,文章结构题,作者的态度和意图题较少。 事实细节题为表层理解题,其他题型为深层理解题 ●事实细节题 虽属表层理解,主要检测学生的文章认读能力,对文章提供的具体事实和线索能加以辨读,但现在也要求考生注意全文的综合性事实,采用多线问法,而不全是单线问 ▲肯定性多线问法 According to the author, which of the following ▲否定性多线问法 ●事实细节题:有三种错误 一是审题失误 二是答题失忆 三是精细不够 审题错误反映考生对EXCEPT或NOT没注意或没看清楚或没反应过来; 答题失忆则说明考生在答题过程中,在文中找细节时(重读)忘记了题目的原意; 精细不够,尤其是对ture or false 主旨要义题 在前四篇中没有主旨题,故新题型的出现会减少常规题中的主旨题, 要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。 一般要求能覆盖全文内容,体现文章主旨。 要避免下列三种情况: ①概括不够(部分代整体,从而导致范围太小); ②过度概括(脱离本文章内容的发挥); ③以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。 要考虑标题的针对性,即标题范围要恰当,针对性强。要在阅读原文的基础上,仔细考虑所选标题与文章主题是否有密切的关系。 既不能太大,也不能太小 ●词义题 ▲可能词义法 paragraph most probably means ______. 5 means_____. be replaced by “_______”. ▲指代 ●推理判断题:可以根据文章的脉络、语气、事实细节、 逻辑等做出简单的推理判断。 ▲全文推断 ▲段落推断 ▲单句推断 ▲事例推断 ▲来源推断 he continues to write? ▲对象推断 推理判断题的干扰项具有以下特点: 出错的原因: ●文章结构题的一般设计 ▲组织结构法 How is the text organized? 问题-解决模式(problem-solution pattern) Most people 2. 首先提出一种普遍认可或某些人认可的主张或观点, 说出反主张或观点。 辩论文体 3. 确定时间、地点、任务(orientation) ---事件(actions) -评论(evaluations) -定论(solution) 4. 或 Separately, these three types of dangers are not a great cause for worry. Taken together, though, the probabilityof disaster is extremely high. ●作者的态度和意图题 ▲作者意图或态度 ▲文章的写作手法 How is the passage organized? ▲文章意图 To educate To inform To warn To share 写作手法问题 The passage is mainly developed by? 常见的文章或段落的写作手法 By listing 2. Classification 3. Comparison and contract 4. Cause and effect 5. Example 6. definition 作者的情感态度 What is the author’s attitude toward … (带*号的单词为命题用词) critical批评(判)的 controversial引起争论的,有争议的 Defensive防御(的) sympathetic a.体谅的 阅读理解训练策略 ★判断错误类型 ★对过去做错的试题进行梳理 ★训练耐心和耐力 ★对议论文专门训练 ★充分利用高考真题 阅读理解的做题方法 一、会阅读 1. 2. 3.顺序法 4.逆向法 5.标注法 6.摘录法 7.三段式阅读法 8.还原式阅读 定区间 三、 四、 五、 六、读全项 训练方法 1. 2. 3. 心理策略 通常阅读文章都是由易到难, 备考准备 1、 2. 阅读第二节 1. 2. 3. 4. 6个选项的词数大致相同,语法结构较相似,有的干扰项比较明显,2010年陕西省高考英语卷的干扰项Gift giving as a wasteful practice比较明显,考生可以凭借常识先做初步排除。 5. 解题步骤 通读全文,掌握大意。 2. 3. 解题技巧 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 看试题 第五种题型:单词填空在高考英语中的出题特点及应试技巧 常见词汇 考纲常用词汇,最基本的常用词, 3、4个动词:词性变化; 3、4个名词:词性变化; 形容词和副词 给出的汉语无词性提示“ 备考策略 1. 2. 3. 1) 2) 3) 4) 一、一个星期七天 二、一年十二个月 三、一年四季 1. spring 四、容易拼写错的数字 10. October 六、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写 (英国英语)也可不双写(美国英语) 七、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词 八、意义相近的词辨析 十、以-ic结尾的动词,应先把-ic变为-ick,再加ing或ed panic Germans gulfs heroes crisis-crises criterion-criteria species 十二、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化 十三、注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化 易错词: 词性容易出错的单词: freeze death sell sale eager choice, choose chose chosen success disable 漏字母 误 leadship forhead 多字母 误 tomosphere 颠倒字母 误 morden 词义混淆 A词 access 词性混淆 动词 believe weigh 4. 单词复习要逐步收缩范围, 在一轮复习时要全面, Journey journal breath breathe 在二轮复习时 在最后归纳高考英语单词拼写必背表,缩小到300-350个词汇 5. 辨别词性: 汉语意义的记忆办法 给首字母填写单词 单词拼写训练方法: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.字母ei,ie的颠(receive believe) 6.同源词pronounce- pronunciation 7.不发音字母而漏写 8. 第六种题型:短文改错在高考英语中的出题特点及应试技巧 考点分布均衡 考查点 (1)名词复数; (3)非谓语动词; (5)少词; (7)形容词/副词 短文改错口诀 名词爱考数与格,冠词在前错多少, 动词时态和语态,非谓搭配莫错了, 连、代、形、副各一样,多是故意来混淆 介词多半考搭配,多漏误用想周到 句法涉及到一致, 词法句法均未错, 解题技巧 复习建议 1. 2.在写作训练, 3.引导学生相互批改习作,让他们欣赏的同时也可有意识地把该习作进行一下“改错”。 4.平时还可以多进行单句改错练习,逐渐体会和把握短文改错这一题型的规律 5. 让学生集中训练,归纳出常考点,试着命制改错题 6. 7. “只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分” 注意下面几点 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 写作 半开放式,贴近学生生活 高考英语作文不出偏题,怪题 作文的常见形式和体裁:
书面表达的话题特点 1. 2. 3. 书面表达评分原则 1. 2. 3.词数少于100的,从得分中减去2分。 4.评分的观察点为:写作要点、应用词汇和语法结构的多样性、准确性以及上下文的连贯性 5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时,应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。 6.如书写较差,影响交际,将分数降低一个档次 整体三部分 1、Heading 点题;一两个句子;概括性;暗示性 2. Body 中心记述部分;层次分明 3. Ending 小结;呼应主题 增强书面表达效果的技巧 1)感叹句! 2)强调句:动词强调, 3)倒装句: 4)省略句 5) 6)定语从句 7)各种名词性从句 8) 必须熟记的作文重点句式 第一部分 1. It must be pointed out that it is one of our basic State policies to control population growth while raising the quality of the population. 2. It must be kept in mind that there is no secret of success but hard work. 从这里可看出,世上没有克服不了的困难。 4. As is known to us, knowledge is power.众所周知,知识就是力量。 5. It is a common saying that where there is a will ,there is a way.俗话说,有志者,事竟成。 8. It‘s hard to say whether the plan is practical. 9. There is no doubt that you will be helped by others if you have any difficulties.毫无疑问,你有困难时,会得到别人的帮助。 11. As we know, it was not until recently that the problem was solved. 13. All this shows that nothing can prevent us from reaching our aims.这显示了没有事情能够阻挡我们实现目标。 15. It has been proved that his theory is right.已经证明,他的理论是对的。 17. To be frank, whether you like it or not, you have no other choice. 19. We will be successful as long as we insist on working hard. 21. It is true that we must make our greater efforts; otherwise we cannot catch up with the developed countries. 22. I take it for granted that they will support this idea. 24. In a certain sense, a successful scientist is a person who is never satisfied with what he has achieved. 28. Noting can prevent us from realizing the four modernizations.没有事情可以阻止我们实现四个现代化。 29. Now in China, more and more families can afford to buy high-grade goods, such as washing machines, TV sets, video-recorders.在今时今日的中国,越来越多的家庭有能力买高档次的货物,例如洗衣机、电视机和录像机。 30. No matter how difficult English may be, you should do your best to learn it. 不管英语有多么难,你都应该尽你最大的努力来学它。 第二部分 1. The number of visitors has increased year by year. As a result of 2. You will forget your tiredness and build up your health.你会忘记疲劳,建造健康。 3. But sometimes 4. The worst thing is that you may have your money stolen and you may have an injury. All these are terrible things which can happen to a tourist.最糟糕的事情事你的钱可能被偷或者你也能发生意外。所有这些事情都是有可能发生在你身上的。 5. you must be careful everywhere and try to avoid accidents.你必须要处处小心,尽量去避免意外。 6.Our factories will try our best to meet the requirements of consumers.我们的工厂们会尽最大努力来满足顾客们的要求。 7.Last Sunday, our class organized some volunteer’s activities, in which all of us took an active part.上个星期天,我们班组织一些志愿活动,我们所有人都参加了。 8.These volunteer’s activities can help us to gain some social experience and make good sense of our personal values as well.这些义务活动能帮我们获取一些社会经验同时也能帮我们意识到自身的价值。 9. Group three helped to raise money in the street for the 10. Compared with the traditional cards, electronic cards are more interesting and lively.与传统的卡片相比,电子卡更有趣和生动。 11.All the teachers and the students are expected to be present at the art festival. There is sure to be a lot of fun. Do come and join us.所有的老师和学生都要出席学校的艺术节。到时肯定很好玩。请务必到场加入我们。 12.Although Li Hua was the last one to cross the finishing line, he won the 第三部分 1. It goes without saying that子句 = (It is) needless to say (that)子句 = It is obvious that子句 = Obviously, eg:It goes without saying that it pays to 2. There is no V+ing = There is no way of V+ing. = There is no possibility of V+ing. = It is impossible to V. = It is out of the question to V. = No one can V. = We cannot V. eg: 3. … eg: The importance of traffic safety cannot be 4. In my opinion, = To my mind, = As far as I am concerned, = I am of the opinion that子句 eg: In my opinion, 5: 6. 随着科技的进步, 7. … … … It is proper that we (should) keep the public places clean. 8. 每当我做…我就忍不住感到悲伤。 每当我想到…我就忍不住感到紧张。 每当我遭遇…我就忍不住感到害怕。 每当我看到… 9. 一般认为… 大家都知道… 据报导… 一般预料… 一般估计… 一般相信… 10. The main reason why 11. Well goes an old saying, = As an old saying goes (runs, = An old saying goes, = It’s an old saying (that)子句 eg: 12. …有三个主要理由。 eg: I increase my confidence in the following ways. It is quite obvious/clear that… 1. 2. however, though 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 要求一般可以写的漂亮一点,即要用一些好的套语开始。 As is shown on Chart 2, only 10% of the time is taken up with sports 很多考生总喜欢搞一些生造的句子或词语来开头,这是一大忌。有些开头可以以套语开始,或以俗语或比较有亮点的结构词汇开头,这样就容易被老师看好。档位在开始时就已定得很高了。 还有考生由于有汉语的干扰, 2.书面表达的结尾: 结尾在书面表达的写作中占有很重要的地位,通常结尾都要算一个内容要求,所以,写好结尾且让阅卷老师有一个完整的印象是十分必要的。好的结尾可以是一段,由一句或几句话组成,能使全文增色。 If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.( yet.(2004湖北卷) 许多考生却不知如何来结尾,原本一、两句话或极少的表达就可很圆满地完成写作任务,往往又旁生枝节,写上一些废话,甚至错话,结果因表达不当又被扣分。 添加谚语: 适当地使用谚语可以是文章增色, As the saying goes, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” It is good for us students to take exercise. 集中注意力于学习 As the saying goes, “No pains, no gains.” We should focus our mind on on our studies... 常用谚语(Proverb) Strike the iron while it is hot. Think twice before you do. A bird in the hand is worth than two in the bush. Do as the Romans do. It is no use crying over spilt milk. Failure is the mother of success. All roads lead to Rome. 书面表达的写作过程4步骤 2.草稿要细心 3. 4.誊写要小心 核对的内容 作文的核对与起草同样重要 核对的内容应包括以下几点: 基础很弱怎么办? 1. 2. 3. 学生在书面表达中有八大错误: 2.句法错误:句子成分缺失;使用句型不完整、 3.词法问题:词性的混用;词形的混用; 4.书写问题:快笔之误,书写不当;缺笔,多划, 5.错词、别词、误写、替代 6.言不达意,不知所云、 7.写作形式:不象文章,段落不明, 8.写作技巧缺乏:结尾的多余枝节; 不会使用或错误使用过渡句或过渡词等。 写作中语法错误的讲评 在历次的写作中都可以发现学生有很多语法错误。但是每次尽心尽力的批改之后, 阅卷时专门收集了学生常犯的语法方面的错误, 作文批改 结构合理 句子质量 用词质量 书面表达的写作规范细节 1. 字体:一致 字色:签字笔的黑色 字迹:工整少用连笔,清楚 字距:不宜过密,不宜过疏,悦目为宜 字数:比较合适在100-130之间 字形:占格子的三分之二大小为宜忌写在格子的线条上。 每行字数:每行十二,三 2. 3. 4. 5. 作文的卷面 考试中打卷面分,练书法,提供标准的考试用纸; 充分认识书写的重要性 |
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