伊朗早期时代 Early realms in Iran埃拉米特王国 Elamite Kingdom, c. 3000–519 BCThe Elamites were a people located in Susa, in what is now Khuzestan province. Their language was neither Semitic nor Indo-European, and they were the geographic precursors of the Persian/Median empire that later appeared. 早期埃兰王国 Early Elamite Kings (c. 2700- c. 2600 BC)| 统治者姓名 | 在位年代 | 备注 |
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无名的埃兰国王
The unnamed King of Elam | fl. c. 2700 BC | contemporary with the first dynasty of Uruk & the first dynasty of Kish | 胡姆班·哈普阿一世(或胡姆巴巴)
Humban-Hapua I (or Humbaba) | fl. c. 2680 BC | contemporary with Gilgamesh king of Uruk | 胡姆班·舒杜尔(或库姆巴斯提尔)
Humban-Shutur (or Khumbastir) | (precise dates unknown) | - | 库提尔·拉卡马尔
Kutir-Lakamar | (precise dates unknown) | Defeated & plundered Mesopotamians |
阿万王朝 Awan Dynasty (c. 2600-2078 BC)| 统治者姓名 | 在位年代 | 备注 |
|---|
无名的阿万国王
The unnamed King of Awan | fl. c. 2580 BC | contemporary with the last king of the first dynasty of Uruk | 鲁
...Lu | (precise dates unknown) | - | 库尔-伊什沙克
Kur-Ishshak | 36 years fl. c. 2550 BC | contemporary with Lugal-Anne-Mundu king of Adab & Ur-Nanshe king of Lagash | 贝利
Peli | (fl. c. 2500 BC) | - | 塔塔一世
Tata I | (precise dates unknown) | - | 乌库·塔赫什
Ukku-Tanhish | (precise dates unknown) | - | 希舒塔什
Hishutash | (precise dates unknown) | - | 舒申·塔拉纳
Shushun-Tarana | (precise dates unknown) | - | 纳比·伊尔胡什
Napi-Ilhush | (precise dates unknown) | - | 奥塔伦马什?
Autalummash (?) | (fl. before 2350 BC) | - | 基库·西维·捷姆提
Kikku-Siwe-Temti | (precise dates unknown) | - | 希舍普·拉捷普一世
Hishep-Ratep I | (precise dates unknown) | - | 卢希·伊什尚
Luh-Ishshan | (until 2325 BC) | Son of Hishep-Ratep I | 希舍普·拉捷普二世
Hishep-Ratep II | (2325-after 2311 BC) | Son of Luh-Ishshan | 赫卢
Helu | (fl. c. 24th century) | - | 希塔
Hita | - | (contemporary of Naram-Sin king of Akkad) | 什恩皮·希什·胡克
Shinpi-hish-huk | (precise dates unknown) | - | 库提克·印舒希纳克
Kutik-Inshushinak | - | (contemporary of Ur-Nammu king of Ur) son of Shinpi-hish-huk | 无名的阿万国王?
The unnamed King of Awan (?) | Until 2078 BC | (until 2078 BC that Susa conquered by Ur troops) |
哈马兹王朝 Hamazi Dynasty (c. 2530- c. 2030 BC)哈塔尼什 Hatanish (7 years fl. c. 2530 BC) [2] 兹斯 Zizi (precise dates unknown) 乌尔·阿达德 Ur-Adad (precise dates unknown) 乌尔·埃什库尔 Ur-Ishkur (before 2041- after 2037 BC) 瓦拉德·纳纳尔 Warad-Nannar (after 2037 BC)
西马什王朝 Simashki Dynasty (c. 2100- c. 1928 BC)无名的西马什国王 The unnamed king of Simashki (cont. Kutik-Inshushinak king of Awan) 吉尔·纳美一世 Gir-Namme I (precise dates unknown) 塔兹塔一世 Tazitta I (precise dates unknown) 埃帕尔提一世 Eparti I (precise dates unknown) 塔兹塔二世 Tazitta II (precise dates unknown) 吉尔·纳美二世 Gir-Namme II (fl. c. 2033) 鲁拉克·卢汗 Lurak-Luhhan (before 2028 until 2022) 坦·鲁胡拉提尔一世 Tan-Ruhuratir I (precise dates unknown) 金达图 Kindattu (precise dates unknown) son of Tan-Ruhuratir I 胡特朗·捷姆提 Hutran-Temti (fl. c. 2006) conqueror of Ur 佩皮 Pepi (precise dates unknown) 印达图·印舒希纳克一世 Indattu-Inshushinak I (cont. Shu-ilishu king of Isin & Bilalama king of Eshnunna) son of Pepi 坦·鲁胡拉提尔二世 Tan-Ruhuratir II (cont. Iddin-Dagan king of Isin) son of Indattu-Inshushinnak I 印达图·印舒希纳克二世 Indattu-Inshushinak II (more than 3 years. precise dates unknown) son of Tan-Ruhuratir II 印达图·纳皮尔 Indattu-Napir (precise dates unknown) 印达图·捷姆提 Indattu-Temti (until 1928? BC)
安尚王朝 Anshan Dynasty (c. 2350- c. 1970 BC)无名的安尚国王 The unnamed king of Anshan (until 2305 BC) king of Sherihum & Anshan. Defeated & sent to Akkad. 沙拉布姆 Shalabum (before 2068 until 2064 BC) married with a daughter of Shulgi king of Ur 里布姆 Libum (from 2064 BC) made some wars against Ur 无名的安尚国王 The unnamed king of Anshan (c. 2041-2037 BC) married with a daughter of Shu-Sin king of Ur 无名的安尚国王 The unnamed king of Anshan (until 2017 BC) married with a daughter of Ibbi-Sin king of Ur 库提尔·纳洪特一世 Kutir-Nahhunte I (fl. c. 2006 BC) conqueror of Ur in union with Hutran-Temti king of Simashki. He took statue of Nannar from Ur to Anshan. 无名的安尚国王 The unnamed king of Anshan (cont. Shu-ilishu king of Isin) restored statue of Nannar to Isin 埃帕尔提二世 Eparti II (cont. Iddin-Dagan king of Isin) (Sukkalmah & king of Anshan & Susa). Married with a daughter of Iddin-Dagan king of Isin in 1973 BC.
埃帕提王朝 Eparti Dynasty (c. 1970- c. 1500 BC)埃帕尔提二世 Eparti II (cont. Iddin-Dagan king of Isin) (Sukkalmah & king of Anshan & Susa). Married with a daughter of Iddin-Dagan king of Isin in 1973 BC. 希尔哈哈 Shilhaha (precise dates unknown) (Sukkalmah) son of Eparti II 帕拉尔·伊什尚 Palar-Ishshan (until 1928? BC) (Sukkalmah) (precise dates unknown) son (ruhushak) of Shilhaha 库克·萨尼特 Kuk-Sanit 阿塔·胡舒 Atta-hushu (?1928- after 1894 BC) (Shepherd of the people of Susa) son of Shilhaha 特特普·马达 Tetep-Mada (after c. 1890 BC) (Shepherd of the people of Susa) 库克·基尔瓦什 Kuk-Kirwash (precise dates unknown) (Sukkalmah, Sukkal of Elam, Sukkal of Simashki, Sukkal of Susa) son of Lan-Kuku & nephew of Palar-Ishshan 捷姆·萨尼特 Tem-Sanit (precise dates unknown) son of Kuk-Kirwash 库克·纳洪特 Kuk-Nahhunte (precise dates unknown) son of Kuk-Kirwash 库克·纳舒尔一世 Kuk-Nashur I (precise dates unknown) 希鲁克杜赫 Shirukduh (cont. Shamshi-Adad I king of Assyria) (Sukkalmah) son of Kuk-Nashur I 西穆特·瓦尔塔什一世 Shimut-Wartash I (precise dates unknown) 西维·帕拉尔·胡帕克 Siwe-Palar-Hupak (fl. c. 1765 BC) (Sukkalmah) son of Shirukduh 库社祖卢什一世 Kuduzulush I (precise dates unknown) son of Shirukduh 库提尔·纳洪特二世 Kutir-Nahhunte II (precise dates unknown) (Sukkalmah) son of Kuduzulush I 阿塔·梅拉·哈尔基 Atta-Merra-Halki (precise dates unknown) 塔塔二世 Tata II (precise dates unknown) brother of Atta-Merra-Halki 利拉·伊尔塔什 Lila-Irtash (precise dates unknown) son of Kuduzulush I 捷姆提·阿贡 Temti-Agun (precise dates unknown) (Sukkalmah) son of Kutir-Nahhunte II 库提尔·什尔哈哈 Kutir-Shilhaha (precise dates unknown) (Sukkalmah) son of Temti-Agun 库克·纳舒尔二世 Kuk-Nashur II (fl. c. 1646 BC) (Sukkalmah & Sukkal of Simashki & Susa) son of Kutir-Shilhaha 捷姆提·拉普塔什 Temti-Raptash (precise dates unknown) son of Kutir-Shilhaha 西穆特·瓦尔塔什二世 Shimut-Wartash II (precise dates unknown) son of Kutir-Shilhaha 什尔杜赫 Shirtuh (precise dates unknown) son of Kuk-Nashur II 库社祖卢什二世 Kuduzulush II (precise dates unknown) (Sukkalmah) son of Shimut-Wartash II 坦·乌利 Tan-Uli (precise dates unknown) (Sukkalmah) 捷姆提·哈尔基 Temti-Halki (precise dates unknown) (Sukkalmah of Elam & Simashki) son of Tan-Uli 库克·纳舒尔三世 Kuk-Nashur III (precise dates unknown) (Sukkalmah) son of Tan-Uli 库提尔·马特拉特 Kutik-Matlat (c. 1500 BC) son of Tan-Uli
吉蒂努埃德王朝 Kidinuid Dynasty (c. 1500- c. 1400 BC)基迪努 Kidinu (15th century BC) King of Anshan & Susa 印舒希纳克·桑基尔·纳普皮皮尔 Inshushinak-Sunkir-Nappipir (precise dates unknown) King of Anshan & Susa 坦·鲁胡拉提尔三世 Tan-Ruhuratir III (15th century BC) King of Anshan & Susa 安尚赫苏萨德国王沙尔拉 Shalla King of Anshan & Susa 捷姆提·阿哈尔 Temti-Ahar (cont. Kadashman-Enlil I Kassite king of Babylon) King of Anshan & Susa
埃格哈尔吉德王朝 Igehalkid Dynasty (c. 1400 – c. 1210 BC)阿塔·哈尔基 Ata-Halki (precise dates unknown) 阿塔尔·基达赫一世 Attar-Kittah I (precise dates unknown) son of Ata-Halki 埃格·哈尔基 Ige-Halki (precise dates unknown) 帕希尔·伊什尚一世 Pahir-Ishshan I (cont. Kurigalzu I Kassite king of Babylon) son of Ige-Halki 基丁·胡特朗一世 Kidin-Hutran I (precise dates unknown) son of Pahir-Ishshan I 阿塔尔·基达赫二世 Attar-Kittah II (precise dates unknown) son of Ige-Halki 胡姆班·努梅纳一世 Humban-Numena I (cont. Burna-Buriash II Kassite king of Babylon) son of Attar-Kittah II 温塔什·纳皮里沙 Untash-Napirisha (precise dates unknown) or Untash-Humban son of Humban-Numena I 基丁·胡特朗二世 Kidin-Hutran II (precise dates unknown) son of Untash-Naprisha 纳皮里沙·温塔 Napirisha-Untash (precise dates unknown) or Humban-Untash son of Kidin-Hutran II 帕希尔·伊尚二世 Pahir-Ishshan II (precise dates unknown) 温帕塔尔·纳皮里沙 Unpatar-Napirisha (precise dates unknown) or Unpatar-Humban son of Pahir-Ishshan II 基丁·胡特朗三世 Kidin-Hutran III (cont. Enlil-nadin-shumi & Adad-shuma-iddina Kassite kings of Babylon) son of Pahir-Ishshan II
舒特鲁吉特王朝 Shutrukid Dynasty (c. 1210 – c. 970 BC)哈卢图什·印舒希纳克 Hallutush-Inshushinak (from c. 1210) 舒特鲁克·纳洪特一世 Shutruk-Nahhunte I (fl. c. 1158) 库提尔·纳洪特三世 Kutir-Nahhunte III (fl. c. 1155) 什尔哈克·印舒希纳克一世 Shilhak-Inshushinak I (precise dates unknown) 胡捷卢图什·印舒希纳克 Hutelutush-Inshushinak (fl. c. 1110) 希尔希纳·拉卡马尔 Shilhina-Hamru-Lakamar (after 1110 BC) 胡姆班·努梅纳二世 Humban-Nimena II (early 11th century BC) 舒特鲁克·纳洪特二世 Shutruk-Nahhunte II (early 11th century BC) 阿克什尔·什穆特 Akshir-Shimut (precise dates unknown) 阿克什尔·纳洪特 Akshir-Nahhunte (precise dates unknown) 卡拉·印达什 Kara-Indash (precise dates unknown) 马尔·比提·阿普拉·乌苏尔 Mar-biti-apla-usur (before 983- after 978 BC)
胡姆班-塔卜里德(尼欧-埃拉米特)王朝 Humban-Tahrid (Neo-Elamite) Dynasty (c. 830–519 BC)无名的埃兰国王 The unnamed king of Elam (c. 821 BC cont. Shamshi-Adad V king of Assyria) 哈卢舒·印舒希纳克一世 Hallushu-Inshushinak I (more than 15 years. precise dates unknown) 胡姆班·塔赫拉赫一世 Humban-Tahrah I (until 742 BC) 胡姆班·尼加什一世 Humban-Nikash I (742–717) son of Humban-Tahrah I 舒特鲁克·纳洪特一世 Shutur-Nahhunte I (717–699) son (Ruhushak) of Humban-Nikash I 哈卢舒·印舒希纳克二世 Hallushu-Inshushinak II (699–oct. 693) brother of Shutur-Nahhunte I 库杜尔·纳洪特四世 Kutir-Nahhunte IV (oct. 693–July 692) son of Hallushu-Inshushinak II 胡姆班·伊美纳三世 Humban-Nimena III (July 692–feb. 688) son of Hallushu-Inshushinak II 舒特鲁克·纳洪特二世? Shutur-Nahhunte II ? (from feb. 688) son of Humban-Nimena III 胡姆班·哈尔塔什一世 Humban-Haltash I (until oct. 681) 胡姆班·哈尔塔什二世 Humban-Haltash II (oct. 681–sept. 675) son of Humban-Haltash I 乌尔塔基 Urtak-Inshushinak (sept. 675- 663) brother of Humban-Haltash II 捷姆提·胡姆班·印舒希纳克一世 Temti-Humban-Inshushinak I (663–sept. 653) brother of Urtak-Inshushinak 胡姆班·尼加什二世 Humban-Nikash II (sept. 653–651) son of Urtak-Inshushinak 塔马里图 Tammaritu (652–649 & 647) son of Humban-Nikash son of Humban-Haltash I 印达比比 Indabibi (649–after July 648) 胡姆班·哈尔塔什三世 Humban-Haltash III (after July 648–645/4) 胡姆班·尼加什三世 Humban-Nikash III (647) son of Atta-Merra-Halki 乌姆胡鲁马 Umhuluma (647) 印达图·印舒希纳克三世 Indattu-Inshushinak III (647–after autumn 646) 胡姆班·哈普阿二世 Humban-Hapua II (647) 帕埃 Pa'e (after autumn 646-645/4) 舒特鲁克·纳洪特三世 Shutur-Nahhunte III (after autumn 646) son of Indattu-Inshushinak III 胡姆班·基提恩 Humban-Kitin (precise dates unknown) son of Shutur-Nahhunte III 胡姆班·塔赫拉赫二世 Humban-Tahrah II (precise dates unknown) 哈尔鲁塔什·印舒希纳克 Hallutash-Inshushinak (precise dates unknown) son of Humban-Tahrah II 乌马努努 Ummanunu (precise dates unknown) 什尔哈克·印舒希纳克二世 Shilhak-Inshushinak II (precise dates unknown) son of Ummanunu 捷姆提·胡姆班·印舒希纳克二世 Temti-Humban-Inshushinak II (before 550 BC) son of Shilhak-Inshushinak II 哈尔卡塔什 Halkatash (c. 549/8 BC) 阿西纳 Acina (oct.-10 dec. 522 BC) son of Upadrama 胡姆班·尼加什四世或乌马努努二世 Humban-Nikash IV or Ummanunu II (Imanish) (dec. 522-feb. 521 BC) 阿塔·哈米提·印舒希纳克 Atta-hamiti-Inshushinak (until 520/19 BC)
伊朗帝国 Empires of Iran米底亚王国 Median Empire, 728–550 BC迪奥塞斯 Deioces, 728–675 弗拉欧尔特斯 Phraortes, 675–653 马地奥斯 Madius the Scythian, 653–625 基亚克萨雷斯 Cyaxares, 625–585 阿斯提阿格斯 Astyages, 585–550
The Medes were an Iranian people. The Persians, a closely related and subject people, revolted against the Median empire during the 6th century BC. 阿契美尼德王朝 Achaemenid Empire, 550–330 BC阿契美尼斯 Achaemenes, founder of the dynasty. 泰斯帕斯(一世) Teispes (I) (?) son of Achaemenes 冈比西斯(一世) Cambyses (I) (?) son of Teispes (I) (?) 居鲁士(一世) Cyrus (I) (?) son of Cambyses (I) (?) 泰斯帕斯(二世) Teispes of Anshan, or Teispes (II) (?) son of Achaemenes or Cyrus (I) (?), king of Persia, king of Anshan, died 640(?).
| Line of Cyrus | Line of Ariaramnes |
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Cyrus I of Anshan (or Cyrus II), son of Teispes, king of Anshan 640–580. Cambyses I of Anshan (or Cambyses II), his son, king of Anshan 580–559. Cyrus II the Great (or Cyrus III), his son, king of Anshan 559–529. He conquered the Median Empire in 550 and established the Persian Empire.
| Ariaramnes of Persia, son of Teispes, king of Persia. His reign is doubtful. Arsames of Persia, son of Ariaramnes, king of Persia until 550, died after 520. His reign is doubtful. His son Hystaspes was Satrap of Parthia under Cambyses II, Smerdis and his son Darius.
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居鲁士二世 Cyrus II the Great (or Cyrus III), established the Persian Empire and ruled it from 550–530. 冈比西斯二世 Cambyses II (or Cambyses III), his son, ruled 530–522. 斯梅尔蒂斯 Smerdis, his alleged brother, ruled 522. 大流士一世 Darius I the Great, son of Hystaspes, ruled 521–486. 薛西斯一世 Xerxes the Great, his son, ruled 486–465. 阿尔塔薛西斯一世 Artaxerxes I Longimanus, his son, ruled 464–424. 薛西斯二世 Xerxes II, his son, ruled 424. 索蒂安努斯 Sogdianus, his half-brother, ruled 424–423. 大流士二世 Darius II Nothus, his half-brother and rival, ruled 423–404. 阿尔塔薛西斯二世 Artaxerxes II Memnon, his son, ruled 404–358 (see also Xenophon). 阿尔塔薛西斯三世 Artaxerxes III Ochus, his son, ruled 358–338. 阿尔塔薛西斯四世 Artaxerxes IV Arses, his son, ruled 338–336. 大流士三世 Darius III Codomannus, great-grandson of Darius II, ruled 336–330. 阿尔塔薛西斯五世 Artaxerxes V Bessus, a usurper who murdered Darius and continued the resistance against Alexander III the Great from 330–329.
The epigraphic evidence for ancestors of Darius I the Great is highly suspect and might have been invented by that king. |
马其顿王朝 Macedonian rulers阿吉德王朝 Argead Dynasty, 330–310 BC亚历山大三世 Alexander III the Great (330 BC–323) 腓力三世 Philip III Arrhideus (323 BC–317) 亚历山大四世 Alexander IV (323 BC–310)
塞琉古王朝 Seleucid dynasty, 305–164 BC塞琉古一世 Seleucus I Nicator (312/305–281) 安条克一世 Antiochus I Soter (co-ruler from 291, ruled 281–261) 安条克二世 Antiochus II Theos (261–246) 塞琉古二世 Seleucus II Callinicus (246–225) 塞琉古三世 Seleucus III Ceraunus (225–223) 安条克三世 Antiochus III the Great (223–187) 塞琉古四世 Seleucus IV Philopator (187–175) 安条克四世 Antiochus IV Epiphanes (175–164) 安条克五世 Antiochus V Eupator (164–162) 德米特里一世 Demetrius I Soter (162–150) 亚历山大·巴拉斯 Alexander Balas (150–145) 德米特里二世 Demetrius II Nicator (145–139)
The Seleucid Dynasty gradually lost control of Persia. In 253, the Arsacid Dynasty established itself in Parthia. The Parthians gradually expanded their control, until by the mid 2nd century BC, the Seleucids had completely lost control of Persia. There were more Seleucid rulers of Syria and, for a time, Babylonia, after Antiochus IV, but none had any effective power in Persia). |
伊朗帝国 Empires of Iran帕提亚帝国(安息帝国) Parthian Empire (Arsacid Empire.), 247 BC – AD 228阿尔沙克一世 Arsaces I c. 247–211 BC 阿尔沙克二世 Arsaces II c. 211–185 BC (frequently called Artabanus by early scholars) 弗里阿帕提乌斯 Phriapatius c. 185–170 BC 名字失传的国王(也许是弗拉特斯一世) Unknown king (probably the same Phraates I) c. 170–168 BC 弗拉特斯一世 Phraates I c. 170–167 BC 米特拉达梯一世 Mithridates I c. 167–132 BC[11] 弗拉特斯二世 Phraates II c. 132–127 BC 阿尔达班一世 Artabanus I c. 127–126 BC 名字失传的国王(可能是沃洛吉斯一世) Unknown king (probably Vologases (I)) c. 126–122 BC 名字失传的国王(可能是阿尔达班二世) Unknown king (probably Artabanus (II)) c. 122–121 BC 米特拉达梯二世 Mithridates II c. 121–91 BC 戈塔尔泽斯一世 Gotarzes I c. 91–87 BC 米特拉达梯(三世) Mithridates (III) c. 88–67 BC 奥罗德一世 Orodes I c. 80–75 BC 萨纳特鲁斯 Sanatruces c. 77–70 BC 名字失传的国王(可能是瓦尔达内斯一世) Unknown king (probably Vardanes (I)) c. 77–66 BC
弗拉特斯三世 Phraates III c. 70–57 BC 奥罗德二世 Orodes II c. 57–38 BC 弗拉特斯四世 Phraates IV c. 38–2 BC 弗拉特斯五世 Phraates V (Phraataces) c. 2 BC–4 AD 奥罗德三世 Orodes III c. 6 AD 沃诺奈斯一世 Vonones I c. 8–12 阿尔达班二世或阿尔达班(四世) Artabanus II or Artabanus (IV) c. 10–38 戈塔尔泽斯二世 Gotarzes II c. 40–51 瓦尔达内斯一世 Vardanes I c. 40–47 沃诺奈斯二世 Vonones II c. 45–51 米特拉达梯(六世) Mithridates (VI) c. 49–50 萨纳巴雷斯 Sanabares c. 50–65
沃洛吉斯一世 Vologases I c. 51–78 帕科罗斯二世 Pacorus II c. 78–115 沃洛吉斯三世 Vologases III c. 105–147 奥斯罗埃斯一世 Osroes I c. 109–129 米特拉达梯(七世) Mithridates (VII) c. 115–116 killed in battle with Trajanus's troops 萨纳特鲁西斯二世 Sanatruces II c. 116 killed in battle with Parthamaspates's troops 帕尔塔马斯帕提斯 Parthamaspates c. 116 米特拉达梯四世或米特拉达梯(八世) Mithridates IV or Mithridates (VIII) c. 129–140 名字失传的国王 Unknown king c. 140
沃洛吉斯四世 Vologases IV c. 147–191 沃洛吉斯五世 Vologases V c. 191–208 沃洛吉斯六世 Vologases VI c. 208–228
There were various regional client dynasties, often with significant autonomy. Like the Elymais client Kingdom that occupied the area of ancient Elam, and kingdoms of Mesene in Lower Mesopotamia and Persis (Fars) in Central Iran, as well as Adiabene in Northern Mesopotamia.. 萨珊王朝帝国 Sassanid Empire, AD 224–651阿尔达希尔一世 Ardashir I, 224 to 241 沙普尔一世 Shapur I, 241–272, the first to claim universal rule: King of Iran and Aniran, (Aniran means the world of non-Iranians) 霍尔木兹一世 Hormizd I, 272–273 巴赫拉姆一世 Bahram I, 273–276 巴赫拉姆二世 Bahram II, 276–293 巴赫拉姆三世 Bahram III year 293 纳塞赫 Narseh, 293–302 霍尔木兹二世 Hormizd II, 302–310 沙普尔二世 Shapur II, 310–379 阿尔达希尔二世 Ardashir II, 379–383 沙普尔三世 Shapur III, 383–388 巴赫拉姆四世 Bahram IV, 388–399 伊嗣俟一世 Yazdegerd I, 399–420 巴赫拉姆五世 Bahram V, 420–438 伊嗣俟二世 Yazdegerd II, 438–457 霍尔木兹三世 Hormizd III, 457–459 卑路斯一世 Peroz I, 457–484 巴拉什 Balash, 484–488 卡瓦德一世 Kavadh I, 488–531 库思老一世 Khosrau I, 531–579 霍尔木兹四世 Hormizd IV, 579–590 库思老二世 Khosrau II, 590–628 卡瓦德二世 Kavadh II, 628 阿尔达希尔三世 Ardashir III, 628–630 沙哈巴拉斯 Shahrbaraz, 630 博兰(普兰多赫特)及其他 Boran (Purandokht) and others, 630–631 霍尔木兹六世(或五世) Hormizd VI (or V), 631–632 伊嗣俟三世 Yazdegerd III, 632–651
阿拉伯帝国统治 Arab caliphs ruleAll Persian provinces were under the Muslim Caliphates from 661 to 867. 倭马亚王朝 Umayyad dynasty, 661–750 阿拔斯王朝 Abbasid dynasty, 750–867
divided, 867–1029 |
后伊斯兰波斯统治者 post-Islamic Persian rulers呼罗珊的塔西里德斯 Tahirids in Khorasan, 821–872阿尔维德斯 Alavids, 864–928哈桑·扎伊德·哈萨尼 Hasan ebne Zeid Hasani, Emir 864–884 穆罕默德·扎伊德 Mohammad ebne Zeid, 884–900 哈桑·阿里·侯塞尼 Hasan ebne Ali Hoseini, 913–916 哈桑·贾赛姆·哈萨尼 Hasan ebne Ghasem Hasani, 916–928
席亚尔王朝 Ziyarids, 928–1043马尔道维奇Mardavij, Emir 928–934 伏希姆基尔 Voshmgir, 934–967 比赫索通 Bisotoon, 967–976 高布斯 Qabus, 976–1012 曼努契黑尔 Manuchehr, 1012–1031 努乌希勒旺 Anushiravan, 1031–1043 凯卡沃奥斯 Keykavoos 基兰沙赫 Gilanshah
白益王朝 Buyyids, 932–1056迪亚立麦王朝 Diylamids of Fars埃马德·杜乌拉·阿布尔·哈桑 Emad o-dowleh Abol Hasan, Emir 932–939 阿扎德·杜乌拉 Azad o-dowleh, 939–982 沙拉法·杜乌拉 Sharaf o-dowleh, 982–989 萨姆萨姆·杜乌拉 Samsam o-dowleh, 989–998 巴哈·杜乌拉 Baha o-dowleh, 998–1012 苏丹·杜乌拉 Soltan o-dowleh, 1012–1024 埃马德·杜乌拉 Emad o-dowleh Abu Kalijar, 1024–1048 马利克·拉辛·阿布·纳斯尔·赫斯劳·费鲁兹 Malek Rahim Abu Nasr Khosrow Firuz, 1048–1055
胡齐斯坦和克尔曼的迪亚立麦王朝 Diylamids of Khuzestan and Kerman莫埃兹·杜乌拉 Mo'ez o-dowleh, 932–966 阿扎德·杜乌拉 Azad o-dowleh, Bakhtiar 966–977 阿扎多·杜乌拉 Azado o-dowleh Abu Shoja', 977–982 巴哈·杜乌拉 Baha o-dowleh, 989–1012 苏丹·杜乌拉 Soltan o-dowleh, 1012–1021 阿布·哈里贾·马兹班 Abu Kalijar Marzban, 1043–1048 贾瓦姆·杜乌拉 Ghavam o-dowleh, 1012–1028 阿布·曼苏尔·弗拉德索顿 Abu Mansur Fulad sotoon, 1048–1056
哈马丹和伊斯法罕的迪亚立麦王朝 Diylamids of Rey, Isfahan, and Hamedan洛克努·杜乌拉 Rokn o-dowleh, Sultan 932–976 莫阿耶杜·杜乌拉 Mo'ayyed o-dowleh, 976–983 法赫鲁·杜乌拉 Fakhr o-dowleh, 976–997 马吉德·杜乌拉 Majd o-dowleh, 997–1029 夏姆苏尔·杜乌拉 Shams o-dowleh, 997–1021 萨玛乌·杜乌拉 Sama o-dowleh, 1021–1023
萨法尔王朝在锡斯坦和以后 Saffarids in Seistan and beyond, 861–1002雅古布·雷斯·萨法尔 Yagub Leith Saffar 阿卜·优素福·雅克布·莱斯 Abu Yusef Yaqub ebne Lais, surnamed "the coppersmith", Emir 861–878 阿米尔·莱斯 Amr o ebne Lais, 878–900 阿布尔·哈桑·塔赫尔·穆罕默德·阿姆罗·莱斯 Abol Hasan Taher ebne Mohammad ebne Amro ebne Lais, 900–908 莱斯·阿里·莱斯 Lais ebne Ali ebne Lais, 908–910 阿布·阿里·穆罕默德·阿里·莱斯 Abu Ali Mohammad ebne Ali ebne Lais, 910–910 阿布·贾法尔·艾哈迈德·穆罕默德·哈尔法 Abu Jafar Ahmad ebne Mohammad ebne Khalf, 923–963 阿布·艾哈迈德·哈尔法·艾哈迈德 Abu Ahmad Khalf ebne Ahmad, 963–1002
萨曼王朝(原塔吉克人) Samanids (Proto-Tajiks), 892–998阿德尔；伊斯迈尔一世 Adel; Esmail I, Emir 892–907 沙阿伊德；艾哈迈德 Shaheed; Ahmad, 907–913 萨伊德；纳斯尔 Saeed; Nasr, 913–942 哈米德；努赫一世 Hamid; Nuh I, 942–954 拉希德；阿卜杜尔·马立克一世 Rashid; Abdolmalek I, 954–961 穆阿耶德；曼苏尔一世 Mo'ayyed; Mansoor I, 961–976 拉齐；努赫二世 Radhi; Nuh II, 976–996 阿布尔·郝列斯；曼苏尔二世 Abol Hareth; Mansoor II, 996–998 阿布尔·法瓦列斯；阿卜杜尔·马立克二世 Abol Favares; Abdolmalek II, 998–998 蒙塔塞尔；伊斯梅尔二世 Montaser; Esmail II
加兹纳威滋王朝 Ghaznavids, 997–1186耶敏努·杜乌拉·阿布·高赛姆·马赫穆德·本·索卜克塔琴 Yameen o-dowleh AbolQasem Mahmud ebne Saboktekeen, Sultan 997–1030 贾劳鲁·杜乌拉·阿布·阿赫默德·穆罕默德·本·马赫穆德 Jalal o-dowleh Abu Ahmad Mohammad ebne Mahmud, 1030–1030 夏豪布·杜乌拉·阿布·萨阿德·马斯乌德·本·马赫穆德 Shahab o-dowleh Abu Sa'd Masud ebne Mahmud, 1030–1040 夏豪布·杜乌拉·阿布·法塔赫·马乌杜德·本·马斯乌德 Shahab o-dowleh Abolfath Modud ebne Masud, 1040–1049 巴豪乌·杜乌拉·阿布·哈桑·阿里·本·马斯乌德 Baha o-dowleh Abol Hasan Ali ebne Masud, 1049–1049 艾佐·杜乌拉·阿布·曼苏尔·阿布杜·拉希德·本·马赫穆德·本·索卜克塔琴 Azad o-dowleh Abu Mansur Abdol Rashid ebne Mahmud ebne Saboktekeen, 1049–1052 贾玛鲁·杜乌拉·阿布·法兹尔·法鲁赫朝德·本·马斯乌德·本·马赫穆德 Jamal o-dowleh Abolfazl Farrokhzaad ebne Masud ebne Mahmud, 1052–1059 扎希路·杜乌拉·阿布·穆扎法尔·易卜拉欣 Zaheer o-dowleh Abol Mozaffar Ebrahim, 1059–1098 阿劳乌·杜乌拉·阿布·赛义德·马斯乌德·本·易卜拉欣 Ala o-dowleh Abu Saeed Masud ebne Ebrahim, 1098–1115 苏尔坦努·杜乌拉·阿布·法塔赫·阿尔萨朗·沙阿 Soltan o-dowleh Abol-fath Arsalan Shah, 1115–1117 耶敏努·杜乌拉·阿布·穆扎法尔·巴赫朗姆·沙阿·本·马斯乌德 Yameen o-dowleh Abol Mozaffar Baharm Shah ebne Masud, 1117–1153 塔居乌·杜乌拉·阿布·薛乔厄·霍斯鲁沙阿·本·巴赫朗姆·沙阿 Taj o-dowleh Abol Shoja Khosro Shah ebne Bahram Shah, 1153–1160 萨劳居·杜乌拉·阿布·穆鲁克·霍斯鲁·马立克·本·霍斯鲁·沙阿 Saraj o-dowleh Abolmolook Khosrow Malek ebne Khosro Shah, 1160–1186
塞尔柱帝国 Seljuks, 1029–1194塔列布·本·米考伊尔 Togrül bin Mikail (Tughril Beg), Sultan 1037–1063 阿尔布·阿尔斯朗·本·贾格里 Alp Arslan bin Chaghri 1063–1072 贾拉勒·阿德达瓦尔·马利克·沙阿一世 Jalal ad-Dawlah Malik Shah I 1072–1092 纳赛尔·阿德丁·马哈茂德一世 Nasir ad-Din Mahmud I 1092–1094 洛克努丁·勃勒凯亚洛格 Rukn ad-Din Barkiyaruq 1094–1105 穆埃兹·阿德丁·马利克沙阿二世 Mu'izz ad-Din Malik Shah II 1105 吉亚苏丁·穆罕默德一世·塔帕尔(穆罕默德) Ghiyath ad-Din Mehmed I Tapar (Muhammad) 1105–1118 穆厄佐丁·艾哈迈德·桑贾尔 Mu'izz ad-Din Ahmed Sanjar 1097–1157 马哈茂德二世 Mahmud II 1118–1131 达乌德 Dawud (David) 1131–1132 托格洛尔二世 Togrül II (Tughril Beg) 1132–1134 马斯乌德一世 Mesud I 1134–1152 马利克·沙阿三世 Malik Shah III 1152–1153 穆罕默德二世 Mehmed II (Muhammad II) 1153–1160 苏莱曼·沙阿 Süleyman Shah (Sulaiman Shah) 1160–1161 阿尔斯朗·沙阿 Arslan Shah 1161–1176 托格洛尔三世 Togrül III (Tughril Beg III) 1176–1194
divided, 1194–1256 花剌子模王朝 Khwarazmids, 1096–1230An empire built from Azerbaidjan, covering part of Iran and neighbouring Central Asia. 郭土布丁·穆罕默德一世 Ghotb-al-Din Muhammad I of Khwarazm ebne Anushtekeen Gharajeh, Shah (1096–1128) 阿拉阿尔丁·阿布尔·莫扎法尔·阿特锡兹·穆罕默德 Ala-al-Din Abol Mozaffar Aziz ebne Ghotb-al-Din ebne Mohammad (1128–1156) 伊尔·阿尔斯朗 Taj-al-Din Abolfath IlIl-Arslan (1156–1171) 贾拉勒·阿尔丁·马哈茂德·苏丹沙阿·埃尔·阿萨兰 Jalal-al-Din Mahmud Soltanshah ebne Il Arsalan (1171–1172) 穆罕默德二世·花剌子模(塔凯希) Muhammad II of Khwarezm (Ala-al-Din Takesh ebne Il Arsalan) (1172–1199) 阿拉乌丁·摩诃末 Soltan Jalal-al-Din Mohammad ebne Aladdin Takesh (1199–1220) 贾拉勒·阿尔丁·敏克勃勒尼 Jalal-al-Din Mingburnu ebne Ala-al-Din Mohammad (1220–1230)
Permanently destroyed by Mongol empire. 伊儿汗国 Ilkhans, 1256–1380The preceding era of disunity, also called First era of fragmentation, was ended through conquest by the Ilkhans, a Mongol khanate, nominally subject to the Great Khan. (Ilkhan means governor of an il, i.e. province). 旭烈兀 Hülegü Khan ebne Tulay ebne Genghis, Ilkhan 1256–1265 阿八哈 Abaqa Khan ebne Hulegu, 1265–1282 贴古迭儿 Sultan Ahmad Tekuder ebne Hulegu, 1282–1284 阿鲁浑 Arghun Khan ebne Abaqa, 1284–1291 海合都 Gaikhatu ebne Abaqa, 1291–1295 拜都 Baidukhan ebne Toghay ebne Hulegu, 1295 合赞 Ghazan Khan ebne Arghun, 1295–1304 完者都 Oljeitü Khoda bandeh ebne Arghun, 1304–1316 不赛因 Abu Sa'id Bahador Khan ebne Oljeitu, 1316–1335 (last of Chinggisid il-khans) 阿儿巴 Arpa Ke'un, 1335–1336 木撒汗·本·阿里 Musa Khan ebne Ali, 1336–1353 麻合马汗·本·忙哥帖木儿 Muhammad Khan ebne Mangu, 1337–1338 撒迪别 Sati beg, daughter of Oljeitu, 1338–1340 只罕帖木儿·本·阿剌拂朗·本·海合都 Shah Jahan Teimoor ebne Alafarang, 1338–1339 速来蛮汗 Soleiman Khan, 1340–1344 脱合帖木儿汗 Togha Teimoor Khan, 1335–1352 努失儿完 Anushiravan e Adel, 1343–1355
The Second era of fragmentation begins in 1343, as remnants of the Hordes competed with local dynasts for authority. This era ends with the conquests by Timur, around 1380 穆扎法尔王朝 Muzaffarid Dynasty, 1314–1393穆巴里兹·阿德丁·穆罕默德·本·穆扎法尔 Mubariz ad-Din Muhammad ibn al-Muzaffar, Emir 1314–1358 阿布尔·法瓦里斯·加马尔·阿德丁·沙阿舒贾 Abu'l Fawaris Djamal ad-Din Shah Shuja (at Yazd, 1353 at Shiraz), 1335–1364 with... 库特布·阿尔丁·沙阿·马哈茂德 Qutb Al-Din Shah Mahmud (at Isfahan) ( d. 1375), 1358–1366 阿布尔·法瓦里斯·加马尔·阿德丁·沙阿舒贾 Abu'l Fawaris Djamal ad-Din Shah Shuja (at Yazd, 1353 at Shiraz), 1366–1384 穆贾希德·阿德丁·扎因·阿比丁·阿里 Mujahid ad-Din Zain Al-Abidin 'Ali, 1384–1387
In 1387 Timur captured Isfahan. 埃马德·阿尔丁·苏丹·艾哈迈德 Imad ad-Din Sultan Ahmad (at Kerman), 1387–1391 with... 穆巴里兹·阿德丁·沙阿·叶海亚 Mubariz ad-Din Shah Yahya (at Shiraz), 1387–1391 and... 苏丹·阿布·伊沙克 Sultan Abu Ishaq (in Sirajan), 1387–1391 沙阿·曼苏尔 Shah Mansur (at Isfahan), 1391–1393
帖木儿王朝 Timurid dynasty, 1380–1507The third era of fragmentation follows, as Timur's Empire loses cohesion and local rulers strive against each other. 皮尔·穆罕马德 Pir Muhammad, grandson of Timur, 1392–1407, effectively ruled from Qandahar 贾拉勒·乌德丁·米兰沙阿 Djalal Ud-Din Miran Shah, son of Timur, 1405–1408, ruled Azerbaijan 鲁斯塔姆 Rustam, 1405–1409, ruled Arabistan 哈利勒·苏丹 Khalil Sultan (Timurid dynasty), son of Miran Shah, 1405–1409, ruled in Samarkand, surrendered to Shah Rukh, became governor of Rayy until his death in 1411 沙阿·鲁克 Shah Rukh, son of Timur, 1405–1447, ruled first in Transoxiana 埃亚尔 Ayyal, 1414, opposed Shah Rukh 埃兰卡尔 Ailankar, 1414–1415, opposed Shah Rukh
拜卡拉 Bayqara, 1409–1412, ruled in Fars 艾斯坎达 Iskandar, 1412–1414, ruled first in Fars, then Azerbaijan & Arabistan
In 1410 the Turcoman horde Kara Koyunlu (Black Sheep) captured Baghdad and their leaders ruled the western parts of the Timurid realm. In the East however, Shah Rukh was able to secure his rule in Transoxiana and Fars. 河中地区统治者 Rulers in Transoxiana: 阿卜德·阿尔-拉蒂夫 'Abd al-Latif, son of Ulugh Beg, 1449–1450 阿卜拉赫·米尔扎 'Abdullah Mirza, grandson of Shah Rukh, 1450–1451 阿布·萨伊德·伊本·穆罕马德 Abu Sa'id ibn Muhammad, grandson of Miran Shah, 1451–1469, conquered Khurasan in 1459
呼罗珊统治者 Rulers in Khurasan: 巴布尔·伊本-拜桑格赫 Babur Ibn-Baysunkur, grandson of Shah Rukh, 1449–1457 沙阿·马哈茂德 Shah Mahmud, son of Babur, 1457 易卜拉欣 Ibrahim, 1457 加汗·沙阿 Jahan Shah, leader of the Black Sheep Turcomans, 1457–1458
Abu Sa'id, agreed to divide Iran with the Black Sheep Turcomans under Jahan Shah, but the White Sheep Turcomans under Uzun Hassan defeated and killed first Jahan Shah and then Abu Sa'id. After Abu Sa'id's death a fourth era of fragmentation follows. While the White Sheep Turcomans dominated in the western parts until the ascent of the Safavid dynasty, the Timurides could maintain their rule in Samarkand and Herat. 撒马尔罕统治者 Rulers in Samarkand: 苏丹·艾哈迈德 Sultan Ahmad, son Abu Sa'id, 1469–1494 苏丹·马哈茂德 Sultan Mahmud, son of Abu Sa'id, 1494–1495 马苏德 Masud, 1495 苏丹·拜桑格赫 Sultan Baysunghur, 1495–1497 苏丹·阿里·米尔扎 Sultan Ali Mirza 1495–1500
conquered by the Uzbeks 赫拉特统治者 Rulers in Herat: 苏丹·马哈茂德 Sultan Mahmud, son of Abu Sa'id, 1469 胡赛因·拜卡拉赫 Husayn Bayqarah, 1469–1506 巴蒂阿尔-扎曼 Badi' al-Zaman, son of Husayn, 1506–1507, fled to the court of Ismail I
conquered by the Uzbeks, later recaptured by the Safavids |
现代伊朗沙阿 Shahs of modern IranThe modern Iranian monarchy was established in 1502 after the Safavid Dynasty came to power under Shah Ismail I, and ended the so-called "fourth era" of political fragmentation. List| 姓名 | 肖像 | 头衔 | 生卒年 | 登位时间 | 结束时间 |
|---|
| 萨非王朝 Safavid dynasty (1502–1736 ) | | 1 | 伊斯迈尔一世
Ismail I |  | Shah, Sultan | 1487 - 1524 | 7 November 1502 | 23 May 1524 |
|---|
| 2 | 塔赫玛斯普一世
Tahmasp I |  | Shah, Sahib-i-Qiran, Sultan bar Salatin | 1514 - 1576 | 23 May 1525 | 25 May 1576 |
|---|
| 3 | 伊斯迈尔二世
Ismail II |  | Shah | 1537 - 1577 | 25 May 1576 | 24 November 1577 |
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| 4 | 穆罕默德·赫达班达
Mohammed Khodabanda | | Ashraf Marash | 1532 - 1596 | 25 May 1576 | 1 October 1587 |
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| 5 | 阿拔斯一世
Abbas I |  | Shahanshah, Sultan, Great | 1571 - 1629 | 1 October 1587 | 19 January 1629 |
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| 6 | 萨非
Safi | | Shah, Mirza | 1611 - 1642 | 19 January 1629 | 12 May 1642 |
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| 7 | 阿拔斯二世
Abbas II | | Shah | 1632 - 1666 | 12 May 1642 | 26 October 1666 |
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| 8 | 苏莱曼一世
Suleiman I |  | Shah, Hakem-ol Hokama | 1645 - 1694 | 26 October 1666 | 29 July 1694 |
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| 9 | 苏丹·侯赛因
Sultan Hossein | | Shah, Sultan, Sadr-ol Hakem | 1668 - 1726 | 29 July 1694 | 11 September 1729 |
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| 10 | 塔赫玛斯普二世
Tahmasp II | | Shah | 1704 – 1740 | 11 September 1722 | 28 September 1726 |
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| 11 | 艾哈迈德·马拉什
Ahmad Marashi |  | Shah, Sultan | 1687 - 1728 | 28 September 1726 | 30 March 1728 |
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| 12 | 塔赫玛斯普二世
Tahmasp II | | Shah | 1704 – 1740 | 30 March 1728 | 16 April 1732 |
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| 13 | 阿拔斯三世
Abbas III | | Valiahd | 1730 - 1739 | 16 April 1732 | 22 January 1736 |
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| 阿夫沙尔王朝 Afsharid dynasty (1736–1797 ) | | 1 | 纳迪尔·沙阿·阿夫沙尔
Nadir Shah Afshar | | Shah, Sultan, Hakem-ol Hokama, Hazrat-e Ashraf | 1698 - 1747 | 22 January 1736 | 19 June 1747 |
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| 2 | 阿迪尔·沙阿
Adil Shah | | Shah | 1713 - 1748 | 19 June 1747 | 29 July 1748 |
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| 3 | 易卜拉欣·沙阿·阿夫沙尔
Ebrahim Afshar | | Shah | 1724 - 1748 | 29 July 1748 | 3 September 1748 |
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| 4 | 沙阿·鲁赫·阿夫沙尔
Shahrukh Afshar | | Shah Afshar | 1730 – 1796 | 3 September 1748 | 3 September 1760 |
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| 桑德王朝 Zand dynasty (1750-1794) | | 1 | 卡里姆汗·桑德
Karim Khan Zand | | Vakil e-Ra'aayaa | 1705 - 1779 | 3 September 1760 | 6 March 1779 |
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| 2 | 阿布·法塔赫汗
Abol Fath Khan | | Vakil e-Ra'aayaa | 1755 – 1787 | 6 March 1779 | 22 August 1779 |
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| 3 | 穆罕默德·阿里汗
Mohammad Ali Khan | | Vakil e-Ra'aayaa | 1760 - 1779 | 22 August 1779 | 14 March 1781 |
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| 4 | 阿里·穆拉德汗
Ali Murad Khan | | Vakil e-Ra'aayaa | 1720 - 1785 | 14 March 1781 | 18 February 1785 |
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| 5 | 加法尔汗
Jafar Khan | | Vakil e-Ra'aayaa | 1698 - 1747 | 18 February 1785 | 23 January 1789 |
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| 6 | 卢特夫·阿里汗
Lotf Ali Khan | | Vakil e-Ra'aayaa | 1769-1794 | 23 January 1789 | 20 March 1794 |
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| 卡扎尔王朝 Qajar dynasty (1794-1925) | | 1 | 阿迦·穆罕默德·汗
Mohammad Khan Qajar | | Shahanshah | 1742 - 1797 | 20 March 1794 | 17 June 1797 |
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| 2 | 法塔赫·阿里·沙阿
Fat′h-Ali Shah Qajar | | Shahanshah | 1772 - 1834 | 17 June 1797 | 23 October 1834 |
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| 3 | 穆罕默德-沙阿
Mohammad Shah Qajar | | Shah | 1808 - 1848 | 23 October 1834 | 5 September 1848 |
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| 4 | 纳赛尔·丁·沙阿
Naser al-Din Shah Qajar | | Shahanshah and Aryamehr | 1831 - 1896 | 5 September 1848 | 1 May 1896 |
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| 5 | 穆扎法尔·丁·沙阿
Mozaffar al-Din Shah Qajar | | Shahanshah and Sultan | 1853 - 1907 | 1 May 1896 | 3 January 1907 |
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| 6 | 穆罕默德·阿里·沙阿
Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar | | Shahanshah | 1872 - 1925 | 3 January 1907 | 16 July 1909 |
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| 7 | 艾哈迈德·沙阿
Ahmad Shah Qajar | | Sultan | 1898 - 1930 | 16 July 1909 | 15 December 1925 |
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| 巴列维王朝 Pahlavi dynasty (1925-1979) | | 1 | 礼萨·汗
Reza Shah | | Shah | 1878 - 1944 | 15 December 1925 | 16 September 1941 |
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| 2 | 穆罕默德·礼萨·巴列维
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi | | Shahanshah, Aryamehr, Shahyad and Emperor | 1919 - 1980 | 16 September 1941 | 11 February 1979 |
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| 3 | 拉法赫·巴列维皇后
Farah Pahlavi | | Empress | 1938 - | 26 October 1967 | 11 February 1979 |
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In Revolution of 1979 led by Ayatollah Khomeini forced Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi into exile, and established an Islamic Republic on 1 April 1979. |
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