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高三英语精品复习资料： 英语短文改错 【命题趋向】 短文改错是一项主要测试考生的判断能力，观察能力、纠错能力语言基础知识及语言的综合运用能力。 短文改错的趋势： 1.改错短文以记叙文和说明文为主 。 2.文章内容贴近学生生活，没有生僻词汇和复杂的结构，文章简单易懂，错误设置也很简单，多为学生平常作文中常出现的错误。 3.短文一般100词左右，错误有9处。 4.常见错有三种:错词、多词、 缺词。错词占60%左右 【错误类型】 1. 错词 2. 多词 3. 缺词 4. 正错
【考点透视】 一．错词的热点 1． 动词—时态 语态 非谓语 ；主谓关系。 2． 联系词—关系代词和关系副词；连词；连接词。 3． 名词—可数名词 、不可数名词，可数名字的单复数变化。 4． 介词—介词和动词的搭配错误。 5． 形容词/副词—词类错用。 6． 冠词—定冠词和不定冠词的错用。 7． 代词—人称代词；物主代词；反身代词。 8． 惯用法—固定句型，固定短语。 二．多词和缺词热点 1. 冠词 2.介词 3.副词 4.代词 5.关联词 6.小品词 to 【短文改错主要特点】 1. 语言材料取自于学生的习作。 2. 短文为贴近学生生活的话题或学生身边事。 3. 短文难度符合学生水平。 4. 语言简单易懂。 5. 没有生僻的语言现象或繁难的语句结构。 【例题解析】 一．错词 1.动词错误： （1） 时态和语态、主谓一致的错误。 【1】整体时态： *Then I ask him “Grandma, how come you have so much lines on your hand” 全文为故事，故ask改为asked。 *High over the water, they discover a hole in the balloon.The hole became bigger and bigger. 全篇使用过去时态，故改discover- -discovered 【2】主谓一致 *Having fun with their friends make them happy. 动名词短语做主语，谓语动词用单数形式makes。 *But the most wonderful thing about jack were his musical ability。 主语为the most wonderful thing 故此，系词为was *But not all information are good to society. 主语不可数，所以动词用is。 （2.）动词错误： *In American big cities, thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games.(buy) 根据句子意思，数千人买票去看比赛。故sell改为 buy。 （3）非谓语动词 【1】动名词错误 *I am looking forward to see all of you again in the near future.(seeing) 解析：to 为介词，故此see改为seeing * Not only play football makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of fair play and team spirit. 解析：主语应为动名词，故play football改为playing football 【2】现在分词 *The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming down. 解析：分词做定语，故keeps 改为keeping *I found a small house standing in a field with a light shone from the sitting room. 解析：with a light shone 改为with a light shining。a light和shining为主动关系。 【3】不定式 *I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person.(become) 解析：help sb do sth 故改becoming为 become *He did not want share things with others. 解析：want to share sth. want后可跟不定式做宾语。 【4】过去分词 *I have some records giving to me as birthday gifts. 解析：have sth done, some records和give是被动关系，故改为given。 2．连词错误： *I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light. 解析：根据句意，“我看到他们中的一个人走进厨房，并且打开灯。”两个分句子之间是并列关系。故改but为and *We would return at night to hear that he`d picked up from the radio in the day. 解析：考查宾语从句，pick up 缺宾语，故改that 为what *The classes helped me understand what the world works 解析：根据句子意思，“这些课程有助于我了解世界是怎么运转的”故改what 为how。 *He was silent for a moment. So he answered slowly: “Each of these lines stands for a trouble” 解析：根据句子意思，So 改为 Then/And 3.形容词/副词错用： *You always gave me specially attention. 解析：名词应该被形容词special修饰。 *It is real a good chance to have met all of you here. 解析：副词really修饰系词，故改real为really。 *My hometown has taken on a new look.How great it has changed ! 解析：great修饰动词，故改为：greatly 4.冠词错误： *This is my first visit to a American family.(an) 解析：American 第一个音标的音素是元音，故用an. *Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team. 解析：有定语修饰，the特指captain. *Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. 解析：固定搭配catch sight of.故此去掉冠词a。 5.代词错误： 【1】反身代词 *I just smiled to me and thought, … 解析：主语和宾语相同，故此me—myself 。 【2】形容词性物主代词 *Besides, the foreign teachers here work hard and try his best to make the activities lively and interesting.(his --their) 解析：主语是第三人称复数，因此try one`s best 【3】it/that/them /us *I thought that was dull to watch a game in which players kicked a ball to each other. 解析：that不可以做形式主语，故改为it。 *It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain.The three of them were very excited.前后人称错误。故此改them为us. 6.名词单复数和名词的所有格的错误 *She marked strictly on student`s performance.(students`) 解析：根据句意，学生们的表演，故改为students` performance *Physics is one of the most difficult subject for us (subjects ) 解析：one of说明后面为复数形式。 *We practice three times every week and often watch football match on TV together. 解析：常常看比赛，故此match改为matches. * I have no papers to write on. 解析：纸不可数，所以改为paper 7.介词错误 *He left 解析：一天的部分被修饰时，介词用on, *I am a new comer of a small town. 解析：根据句子意思，来自一个小镇come from a small town. * I was caught by the rain last night 解析：固定短语be caught in the rain 遇上雨。 8.语意错误 *Thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games. 解析：句子意思：数千人卖掉票去看足球或者篮球比赛。故此错误，sell—buy *Not all people like to work and everyone like to play. 解析：句子意思：并非所有的人都喜欢工作，并且所有的人喜欢玩。语意错误，应该为转折关系，and—but 二．多余词 多词一般为：冠词/连词/介词/系词be 助词等。 【1】连词多余： *They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning. 解析：连词多余，故此去掉 (that)，原句是状语从句。 【2】介词多余： *The crowd waiting for to greet them in 解析：没有宾语，所以去掉for。 【3】冠词多余： *Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. 解析：固定短语，catch sight of :偶然看见。 【4】系词/助词多余： *My mother was asked : “Have you taken medicine ?” 解析：根据句意，是妈妈问：故为主动语态。 三：缺词 缺词一般为：冠词/连词/介词/系词be 助词/ 【1】缺介词 *He was looking for a glass ^the cupboard (in) 解析：根据句意，in the cupboard 做状语。 【2】缺冠词 *However, the popular teacher is at^ same time the one who should be strict with students.(the) 解析：形容词same 和the 搭配使用,故给same前加 the。 【3】缺连接词 *In one class, I learned^ it rained (why) 解析：根据句子意思可知，缺连接词，句意为：“在一节课上，我知道了下雨的原因”。 【4】缺系词 *What ^your favorite sport ? (is) 解析：句子中缺系词，在What加is. 【专题训练与高考预测】 此题要求改正所给短文中的错误对标有题号的每一行做出判断，如无错误，在刻行右边横线上画一个勾（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正；该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉，在该行在边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。 该行缺一词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。 该行错一个词：在错的词下面划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词 注意：原行没能错的不要改 Passage 1 Miss Guan Qi, a 21-years-old college student from in Sanya, were tested on their write ability, English skills, 5._______ team-work and generally knowledge. Miss Guan Qi 6._______ impressed the judges who present with her excellent 7._______ replies during the question or answer section. She will 8._______ represent(代表) Chinese in the final of Miss World 9._______ to be holding in Sanya on December 6. 10._______ Passage 2 Today I showed some foreign friend around our city. 1.________ We started off in car from the Friendship Hotel at 8: We first got to beautiful flowers on show. Then, we visited the We saw plenty of valuable things, from that we learned a lot 5.______ about the city. After that, they drove to a beautiful place of interest in our city, but there we enjoyed 7._______ the wonderfully scenery of the sea. We had a delicious lunch at the 8._______ seafood Restaurant and we returned back at noon..All the foreign 9.______ friends were pleased with my arrangement. We did have the 10_____ wonderful time today. Passage 3 Dear Mr. Brown, I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 1______ Before you came to teach us, I had not interest in 2______ English.My pronunciation was terribly.I could 3_____ only speak a few words.But one and a half year later, 4_____ I now think English fun to learn.I got a lot from your 5____ encouraging words.I will always remember what you 6.____ said, “If you try to, you can be No 1 !”I hope you`ve 7____ had pleasant journey home and will come to china 8_____ again sometimes in the future.I will write again 9_____ and send you the photos we take together 10______ passage 4 There are advantage for students to work while 1_____ Studying at school.One of them was that 2_____ they can earn money.For the most part, 3______ students working to earn money for their own 4____ use.Earning their own money allow them 5 _____ to spend on anything as if they please. 6_____ they would have to ask their parents for 7____ money or for permission to do things by 8 ____ the money.Some students may also to save 9____ up for our college or future use. 10______ passage 5 Dear Mr. Brown, I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 1___ Before you came to teach us, I had not interest in 2_____ English.My pronunciation was terribly.I could 3____ only speak a few words.But one and a half year later, 4____ I now think English fun to learn.I got a lot from your 5___ encouraging words.I will always remember what you 6____ said, “If you try to, you can be No 1 !”I hope you`ve ___ had pleasant journey home and will come to china ___ again sometimes in the future.I will write again 9____ and send you the photos we take together 10____ passage 6 Dear Anish, Here are the information about It is about 200 miles far away from has a very big schoolyard.You can live in the school 3____ or near the school.They have all sorts of course.4___ ___ I`m sure you will find one you like it.I know you 5___ are particular interested in human rights.So I will 6____ see that there is anything on their website 7____ I will send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport 8____ when you arrived.You met him a few years ago, but he 9___ has changed a lot since then.Both your aunt or I look 10___ forward to seeing you again. passage 7 Dear Ralph, I’m a senior student. I have be in love with a boy 1______ for three years. But he is a shy boy, so I wrote him a letter firstly 2._______ to express my feeling. And he wrote back. In his letter 3______ he said, “We are students. Our task is study. Let us wait 4________ to see until we have any chance after graduation.” So 5. ______ after graduation I called to him, asking him about 6.________ go out. But he said he didn’t want to. He just 7. ________ wanted to sleep and watched TV. 8. _______ What do you think I should do? Do you think 9.______ I should continue to love him and give up? 10______ Sheila Passage 8 My hometown is a pretty city, so people there 1._____________ are kind and polite.With coming of spring, grass and 2. _____________ trees turn green, and flowers grew in many colors. 3 ______________ In summer, the sea under the blue sky is even more 4 ______________ beautiful.After autumn arrives, the city looks as 5. _____________ an old man with leaves fallen from the trees.In winter, 6. _____________ a lot of white birds come to my city for food.I can 7. _____________ wait more patiently above the sea for quite a long 8. ______________ time.While they find fish coming to the surface, 9. _____________ they fly down immediate and catch them without 10. ______________ delay.That is my city, and I love it so much. passage 9 Dear doctor, My name is Wang Lin. I’m a middle school student.I have a problem and I’m writing to ask you for some advices. 1._________ I’m just 1.57 meters high, and my weight is 71 kilos.Many 2.__________ Students often make fun me.Some boys are unfriendly to me. 3._________ They called me “ Meat Ball”. That makes me feel unhappy. 4._________ I’m now worry about my weight. Though I am a bit too fat, I 5.__________ feel rather good. I enjoy my meals. I love eating meat very 6._________ much. And I like sweet food, either. I often have sugar with 7._________ tea, milk, porridge, and even hot water. In the past two months 8._________ I have put off 5 kilos. I’m worried about this problem, 9.__________ but I don’t know what to lose weight quickly. Please help me, 10_________ dear doctor!I hope to hear from you as soon as possible. With best wishes, Wang Lin Passage 10 Women，present and ancient， at the home and 1．______ Passage 11 It’s easy to go downhill than to climb uphill：so it’s 1．____ Passage 12 Fred and I haven’t many in common. I sometimes 1. __________ wonder why we were friends at all. Fred is 2. __________ always busy make things. Everything he makes is 3. __________ so perfect that I sometime feel envy at his skill. 4. __________ My trouble is that I’m one of those lazy people. 5. __________ Outside my work at the office, the only thing which 6. __________ interests me is listening to the music. I have a 7. __________ big collection of records but all day long the 8. __________ only thing I can think is when I’m going to 9. __________ get home listen to a new piece. 10. __________ passage 13 Mary was an university student. She didn’t have much 1 ____ money and her parents were not rich, and she had an uncle 2. ____ who had been fortunately enough to collect great wealth. 3. ____ He always give her valuable Christmas and birthday presents. 4. ____ When her uncle’s birthday came round, Mary wanted buy him 5. ____ something really special, but because she was rich, she did not 6. ____ know how to get him. She went into the best shop in her 7. ____ town and explained what her problem was to one of helpful 8. ____ shop assistants. Finally she asked, “What do you have for 9. ____ someone who has already got everything he wants or needs. 10 The assistant sighed deeply and answered, “Envy, only envy.” Pasasage14 As the world enters the 21st century, the development in the 1 _____ science and technology will bring us much more new hopes and 2_____ chance we`ve never imagined before.People are hoping have 3_____ a peacefully and highly developed world.To catch up with 4_____ the new development and to be success in the new century the 5____ younger generation is required to have different kind of skills 6____ and abilities, such like the computer science and the English 7____ language.Otherwise one will be left behind.Young people should 8____ study even hard at school and prepare themselves mentally 9____ Passage 15 Mark Twain was born in a small town of twelve years old, his father died.Late he became a river boat pilot.2_____ Mark Twain was her pen name.During the American Civil War 3_____ He worked as a reporter and write a lot of stories.Gradually he 4____ made his mark and his work were popular.He became one of the 5_____ best known writer of the 19th century in the U.S.A.In his life 6____ Mark Twain wrote the number of stories and novels, on which 7____ “Adventure of Tom Sawyer” is the most famous one.His writings 8____ have been translated to many other languages, and they are 9_____ deeply love by the readers all over the world. 10 ___ 【参考答案】 KEY:1 1. 21-years-old -----21-year-old 2. had won -------won3. √ 4. ∧judged------ being 5. written------ writing 6. generally----- general 7.去掉 who 或 who ∧ ---were 8. or -----and 9. Chinese---- China 10. holding---- held KEY 2 1.friend-friends 2.in –by 3.are—were 4right 5.that—which 6.they-we 7.but—and 8.wondefully—wonderful 9 back/ 10 the—a KEY 3 1.with—for 2.not—no 3 terribly—terrible 4. years—years 5. is 6 Right 7. /to KEY 4 There are advantage for students to work while ___ advantages Studying at school.One of them was that is they can earn money.For the most part, students working to earn money for their own work use.Earning their own money allow them allows to spend on anything as if they please.╱if they would ∧ have to ask their parents for not money or for permission to do things by with the money.Some students may also to save /to up for our college or future use. their KEY 5 Dear Mr. Brown, I am writing to thank you with your kind help. for Before you came to teach us, I had not interest in no English.My pronunciation was terribly.I could terrible only speak a few words.But one and a half year later, years I now think English ∧fun to learn.I got a lot from your is encouraging words.I will always remember what you right said, “If you try to, you can be No 1 !”I hope you`ve /to had ∧pleasant journey home and will come to china a again sometimes in the future.I will write again sometime and send you the photos we take together took KEY 6 Dear Anish, Here are the information about It is about 200 miles far away from has a very big schoolyard.You can live in the school__right__ or near the school.They have all sorts of course.___courses___ I`m sure you will find one you like it.I know you __it__ are particular interested in human rights.So I will ___particularly__ see that there is anything on their website ___if/whether__ I will send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport _to___ when you arrived.You met him a few years ago, but he __arrive_ has changed a lot since then.Both your aunt or I look __and_ forward to seeing you again. Key 7 Dear Ralph, I’m a senior student. I have be in love with a boy 1 been for three years. But he is a shy boy, so I wrote him a letter firstly 2. first to express my feeling. And he wrote back. In his letter 3. feelings he said, “We are students. Our task is study. Let us wait 4. to/studying to see until we have any chance after graduation.” So 5. if / whether after graduation I called to him, asking him about 6. to go out. But he said he didn’t want to. He just 7. going wanted to sleep and watched TV. 8. watch What do you think I should do? Do you think 9. √ I should continue to love him and give up? 10 . or Sheila Key 8 1. so-- and 2. the coming 3. grew--- grow 4. right 5. as--like 6 fallen--falling7. I--They 8. 去掉more 9. While—When 10.immediate---immediately Key 9 1 advices –advice 2 and—but 3of 4 called –call 5 worry—worried 6 good –well 7 either –too 8 right 9 off –on 10 what –how Key 10 1．去掉the 2．that─which 3．her─their4．was─is 5．falls─fall 6．minutes--minute 1．Easy--easier 2．(one)-ones 3．It--They 4．picks-pick 5．right 6．Schoolmate-schoolmates 7．to learn93．or--and 9.not--no 10．What-How Key 13 1.an—a 2 and—but 3 fortunately—fortunate 4 give—gave 5to buy 6.she—he 7how-what8the helpful.9 assistant -- assistants 10 right Key 14 1.in the science –in science 2.much—many 3.hoping to 4.peacefully-peacful 5.success—successful 6.kind—kinds 7.like—as 8 right 9 hard—harder 10去掉 with Key 15 1is—was 2 Late-later 3.her—his 4.write—wrote 5 work—works 6.writer—writers 7.the—a 8.right 9 to—into 10.loved |
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